【2023年上海市初中一模数学卷】2023年上海市青浦区初中毕业生学业模拟考试试卷九年级数学及答案
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2022学年第二学期九年级学业质量调研
数学 试卷
(完成时间:100分钟 满分:150分) 2023.3
考生注意:
1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.
2.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.
一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每小题4分,满分24分)
[每题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸相应题号的选项上用2B 铅笔正确填涂]
1.已知三个数1、3、4,如果再添上一个数,使它们能组成一个比例式,那么这个数可以是( ) (A )6; (B )8; (C )10; (D ) 12. 2.三角形的重心是( )
(A )三角形三条高线的交点; (B )三角形三条角平分线的交点; (C )三角形三条中线的交点; (D )三角形三条边的垂直平分线的交点. 3.如果把一个锐角△ABC 的三边的长都扩大为原来的2倍,那么锐角A 的正弦值( ) (A )扩大为原来的2倍; (B )缩小为原来的
1
2
; (C )没有变化; (D )不能确定. 4.已知非零向量a 、b 、c
,下列条件中,不能判定向量a 与向量b
平行的是( ) (A )c a //,c b //; (B )||||a b =
;
(C )2a c = ,3b c =
; (D )0=+b a .
5.如图1,四边形ABCD 的对角线AC 、BD 相交于O ,且将这个四边形分成①、②、③、④四个三角形.如果OA ∶OC =OB ∶OD ,那么下列结论中一定正确的是( ) (A )①与②相似; (B )①与③相似; (C )①与④相似; (D )②与④相似. 6.已知二次函数2(y x bx c b =++,c 为常数).
命题①:该函数的图像经过点(-1,0); 命题②:该函数的图像经过点(-3,0);
命题③:该函数的图像与y 轴的交点位于x 轴的下方;命题④:该函数的图像的对称轴为直线 1x =-.如果这四个命题中只有一个命题是假命题,那么这个假命题是( )
(A )命题①; (B )命题②; (C )命题③; (D )命题④.
④③
②①O
D
C
B
A 图1
E
D
F
A Q G 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每小题4分,满分48分) [请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置] 7. 如果
3
2
=b a ,那么=+b b a . 8. 已知向量a 与单位向量e 方向相反,且2a = ,那么a = .(用向量e
的式子表示) 9. 如果两个相似三角形的周长比为1∶2,那么它们的对应中线的比为 . 10.如果抛物线2
2y x x m =++-经过原点,那么m 的值等于 . 11.抛物线2
31y x =-在y 轴右侧的部分是 .(填“上升”或“下降”) 12.将抛物线2y x =-向左平移1个单位,所得抛物线的表达式是 . 13.在△ABC 中,∠C =90º,如果cot ∠A =3,AC =6,那么BC = .
14.如图2,在△ABC 中,点D 、E 、F 分别在边AB 、AC 、BC 上,DE ∥BC ,EF ∥AB ,CF =3BF .
如果1=∆ADE S ,那么=DBCE S 四边形 .
15. 如图3,河堤横断面迎水坡AB 的坡比为3:1,坡高AC m 10=,则坡面AB 的长度是 . 16.如图4,在矩形ABCD 中,AB =2,BC =4.点H 、F 分别在边AD 、BC 上,点E 、G 在对角
线AC 上.如果四边形EFGH 是菱形,那么线段AH 的长为 .
17.如图5,点P 是正方形ABCD 内一点,AB =5,PB =3,P A ⊥PB .如果将线段PB 绕点B 顺时
针旋转90º,点P 的对应点为Q ,射线QP 交边AD 于点E ,那么线段PE 的长为 .
18.定义:如图6,点M ,N 把线段AB 分割成AM 、MN 和BN ,如果以AM 、MN 、NB 为边的
三角形是一个直角三角形,那么称点M 、N 是线段AB 的勾股分割点.问题:如图7,在△ABC 中,已知点D 、E 是边AB 的勾股分割点(线段AD >EB ),射线CD 、CE 与射线AQ 分别交于点F 、G .如果AQ ∥BC ,DE =3,EB =4,那么AF ∶AG 的值为 .
F
E
D
C
B
A 图4
图6
图7
H
G
A B
C
D
E
F 图2
图3
图5
三、解答题(本大题共7题,满分78分) [请将解题过程填入答题纸的相应位置] 19.(本题满分10分)
计算:()
1
22sin 30cos 45tan30-︒︒︒
+-+
.
20.(本题满分10分, 第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题5分)
如图8,在平行四边形ABCD 中,点F 在边AD 上,射线 BA 、CF 相交于点E ,DF=2AF . (1)求EA ∶AB 的值;
(2)如果BA a = ,BC b =
,试用 a 、 b 表示向量CF .
21.(本题满分10分, 第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题5分)
如图9,在△ABC 中,AD ⊥BC ,垂足为点D ,BF 平分∠ABC 交AD 于点E ,BC =5,
AD =4,sin 5
C ∠=
.
(1)求sin ∠BAD 的值; (2)求线段EF 的长.
22.(本题满分10分)
某校九年级数学兴趣小组在实践活动课中测量路灯的高度.如图10,在A 处测得路灯顶端O 的仰角为26.6°,再沿AH 方向前行13米到达点B 处,在B 处测得路灯顶端O 的仰角为63.4°,求路灯顶端O 到地面的距离OH (点A 、B 、H 在一直线上)的长.(精确到0.1米) (参考数据:sin26.6°≈0.45,cos26.6°≈0.89,tan26.6°≈0.50,
Sin63.4°≈0.89,cos63.4°≈0.45,tan63.4°≈2.0)
图
10
F E D
C
B
A F
E D C
B
A 图8
图9
23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题6分,第(2)小题6分)
已知:如图11,在△ABC 中,点D 、E 分别在边BC 、AC 上,AD 、BE 相交 于点F ,∠AFE=∠ABC ,2
AB AE AC =⋅. (1)求证:△ABF ∽△BCE ; (2)求证:DF BC DB CE ⋅=⋅.
24.(本题满分12分, 其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题4分)
如图12,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线22
++=bx ax y 与x 轴交于点A (-1,0)和点B (2,0),与y 轴交于点C .
(1)求该抛物线的表达式及点C 的坐标;
(2)已知点P (1,m )与点Q 都是抛物线上的点.
① 求PBC ∠tan 的值;
② 如果∠QBP =45°,求点Q 的坐标.
25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题6分)
如图13,在△ABC 中,∠C =90°,AB =10,BC =8,动点D 、E 分别在边BA 、BC 上,且5
4
BD CE =, 设BD =5t .过点B 作BF ∥AC ,与直线DE 相交于点F . (1)当DB =DE 时,求t 的值; (2)当t =
25时,求FB AC
的值; (3)当△BDE 与△BDF 相似时,求BF 的长.
A
B
C
D
E
F 图13
图11
F E D
C
B
A
参考答案及评分说明
一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每小题4分,满分24分)
1.D ; 2.C ; 3.C ; 4.B ; 5.B ; 6.A . 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每小题4分,满分48分)
7.53
; 8.2e - ; 9.1:2; 10.2; 11.上升; 12.()2
1y x =-+;
13.2; 14.15; 15.20; 16.5
2
; 17
; 18.514.
三、解答题:
19.解:原式
=
21
12+2-⨯-⎝⎭⎝⎭
························································ (4分)
=1
112
+-. ···················································································· (4分) =
1
2
. ················································································································· (2分) 20.解:(1)∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,
∴AB//CD ,AD//BC ,AB =CD .········································································· (1分)
∴
AE AE AF
AB CD FD
==
. ······················································································· (2分) ∵DF=2AF , ∴1
2
AF FD =. ··············································································· (1分)
∴
1
2
EA AB =. ····································································································· (1分) (2)∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AD ∥BC ,AD =BC . ······················· (1分)
∵DF=2AF ,∴23DF DF AD BC ==. ······································································· (1分)
∵BA a = , BC b = ,∴CD a = ,23DF b =-
. ···································· (2分)
∴23
CF CD DF a b =+=-
. ··········································································· (1分)
21.解:(1)∵AD ⊥BC ,AD =4,sin ∠
∴
4AD AC AC =,
∴AC = ································································ (2分)
∴在Rt △ACD 中,2CD =
=.
∵BC =5, ∴BD =BC –CD =5–2=3. ······································································ (1分)
∵在Rt △ABD 中,5AB ==, ······················································ (1分)
∴sin ∠BAD =
3
5
BD AB =. ·························································································· (1分) (2)∵AB=BC=5,BF 平分∠ABC ,
∴BF ⊥AC ,1
2
AF AC =
=.············································································· (2分) ∴∠AFE =∠ADC ,又∵∠EAF =∠CAD ,∴AEF ∆∽ACD ∆, ································ (1分)
∴
EF AF
CD AD
=.即 2EF =EF ················································· (2分) 22.解:设OH 的长为x 米. ································································································· (1分)
在Rt △OBH 中,∵tan OH OBH BH
∠=,∴tan 63.42x x
BH =≈︒. ·························· (3分)
在Rt △AOH 中,∵tan OH OAH AH
∠=,∴2tan 26.50.5x x
AH x =≈=︒. ············· (3分)
∵AB =AH -BH ,AB =13,
∴2132x x -
=.
解得x =26
8.73≈(米)
. ················································· (2分) ∴路灯顶端O 到地面的距离OH 的长为8.7米. ················································· (1分)
23.证明:(1)∵2AB AE AC =⋅,∴AE AB AB AC
=. ···························································· (1分)
又∵∠BAE =∠CAB ,∴△ABE ∽△ACB . ································································ (1分) ∴∠ABF =∠C ,∠ABC =∠AEB . ·············································································· (1分) ∵∠ABC =∠AFE ,∴∠AFE =∠AEB . ······································································· (1分) ∴180°–∠AFE =180°–∠AEB ,即∠AFB =∠BEC . ··············································· (1分) ∴△ABF ∽△BCE . ································································································· (1分)
(2)∵△ABF ∽△BCE ,∴CE BF CB AB =,∠CBE =∠BAF . ······································· (2分)
又∵∠BDF =∠ADB ,∴△DBF ∽△DAB . ····························································· (1分) ∴
BF DF AB DB =,∴CE CB =DF DB
. ················································································ (2分) ∴DF BC DB CE ⋅=⋅. ························································································· (1分)
24.解:(1)将A (-1,0)、B (2,0)代入2+2y ax bx =+,得
204220.
a b a b -+=⎧⎨++=⎩ 解得:1
1.a b =-⎧⎨
=⎩ ··························································· (2分) 所以,2
2y x x =-++. ················································································· (1分) 当x =0时,2y =.∴点C 的坐标为(0,2) ················································· (1分) (2)①过点P 作PH ⊥BC ,垂足为点H . ∵P (1,m )在2
2y x x =-++上,
∴1122m =-++=,P (1,2) . ······························································· (1分)
∵C (0,2),B (2,0) ,
∴BC =.PC ⊥OC ,∠BCO =45°,∠PCH =45°. ···································· (1分)
∴
CH PH ==BH=BC –CH==. ······························· (1分)
∴tan ∠PBC=
13
PH BH ==. ···································································· (1分) ②由题意可知,点Q 在第二象限.过点Q 作QD ⊥x 轴,垂足为点D .
∵∠QBP =∠CBA=45°,∴∠QBD =∠CBP .
∵tan ∠PBC=13.∴tan ∠QBD =
1
3
QD BD =. ·························································· (1分) 设DQ =a ,则BD =3a ,OD =3a -2.∴Q (2-3a ,a ). ········································ (1分)
将Q (2-3a ,a )代入2
2y x x =-++,得()2
23232a a a --+-+=.
解得18=
9a ,2=0a (舍).∴P (23-,89
). ················································ (2分)
25.解:(1)过D 作DH ⊥BC ,垂足为点H . ······································································ (1分)
∵∠C= 90° ,∴DH ∥AC .∴
4
5
BH BC BD BA ==. ················································ (1分) ∵BD =DE =5t ,∴BH =EH =4t . ··············································································· (1分)
又∵BC =8,CE =4t ,∴12t =8,t =
2
3
. ····································································· (1分) (2)当t =25时,得BD =2,CE =8
5
,BE =532.
∵BE>BD ,∴点F 是射线ED 与直线BF 的交点 ················································· (1分)
过E 作EG ∥AC ,交AB 于点G ,则BF ∥GE ∥AC .
∴AG CE AB CB = ,2AG =.∴10226DG =--=. ······································ (1分) ∴
2163BF BD GE DG ===,84
105
GE BG AC BA ===. ···················································· (1分) ∴144
3515BF BF GE AC GE AC =⨯=⨯=
. ···································································· (1分) (3)(i )当点F 是射线ED 与BF 的交点时,
∵∠BDE>∠F ,∠BDE>∠FBD ,又∵△BDE 与△BDF 相似, ∴∠BDE =∠BDF=90°.∵∠BDE =∠C ,∠DBE =∠CBA ,
∴BDE ∆∽BCA ∆. ···················································································· (1分)
∴
BD BE
BC BA
=
.即584810t t -=.解得3241t =. ∴16041BD =. ············ (1分) ∵∠F =∠DBE ,∴sin ∠F =sin ∠DBE .∴
BD AC BF AB =
.解得 800
123
BF =.(1分) (ii )当点F 是射线DE 与BF 的交点时,
∵△BDE 与△BDF 相似,又∵∠BDE =∠BDF , ∴∠DBE =∠F ,即∠ABC =∠F , 又∵∠EBF =∠C ,∴BEF ∆∽CAB ∆. ∴
BF BE BC AC =,即8486BF t -=
.解得()4
843BF t =-. ······················ (1分)
过D 作DM ⊥BC ,垂足为点M .由BD =5t ,得DM =3t ,BM =4t ,EM ==8t –8. ∵BF ∥DM ,∴ ∠EDM =∠F=∠ABC .∴tan ∠EDM =tan ∠ABC . ∴DM =
()4883t -.∴()48833t t -=.解得32
23t =. ······························ (1分) ∴()4224
84369BF t =-=. ··········································································· (1分)
800 123或
224
69
.
综上所述,当△BDE与△BDF相似时,BF的长为。