2019-2020学年人教版英语选修六培优教程练习：Unit 5 The power of nature Section Ⅱ

Section ⅡThe Language Points of Reading
课前重点检测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.diagram (n.) 图解；图表；示意图
2.volcano (n.) 火山
3.erupt (v i.) (指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
4.questionnaire (n.) 问卷；调查表
5.alongside (ad v.) 在旁边；沿着边(prep.) 在……旁边；沿着……的边
6.equipment (n.) 设备；装备→equip (v t.) 装备；配备→equipped (过去式/过去分词)
7.appoint (v t.) 任命；委派→appointment (n.) 任命；委派
8.database (n.) 数据库；资料库
9.evaluate (v t.) 评估；评价；估计→evaluation (n.) 评估
10.wave (n.) 波浪；波涛(v i.) 挥手；波动；起伏
11.fountain (n.) 喷泉；源泉(v i.& v t.) 泉水般地涌出或喷出
12.absolutely (ad v.) 绝对地；完全地→absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的
13.suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装(v t.) 适合；使适宜→suitable (adj.) 适合的
14.potential (n.) 潜能；可能性；潜在性(adj.) 可能的；潜在的
15.actual (adj.) 实际的→actually (ad v.) 实际地
16.in_the_distance在远处
17.put_on 穿上；上演
18.get_close_to 接近
19.make_one's_way 前往
20.be_compared_with 与……相比
21.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁
22.out_of_the_way 不挡道，让路
23.be_covered_with 被覆盖
24.protect ... from 保护……免受
25.be_appointed_as 被任命为
Ⅱ.教材原句
1.I was appointed ________ a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
答案：as
2.Having collected and ________ (evaluate) the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
答案：evaluated
3.I was about to go back to sleep ________ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
答案：when
4.It was an ________ (absolute) fantastic sight.
答案：absolutely
5.It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly ________ (make) our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.
答案：made
6.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this ________ (be) my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
答案：being
7.Today, I am just as enthusiastic ________ my job as the day I first started.
答案：about
8.________ (study) volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
答案：Having studied
课堂分段精讲
[第1段]
1.Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I'm never bored.(教材P34)
(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学设备，有时要会见当地的百姓和游客。

但我从来不感到工作烦人。

equipment n．设备；装备
①We should make better use of the existing equipment.
我们应该更好地利用现有的设备。

②The soldiers were/are_equipped_with the latest weapons.
士兵们都配备有最新式的武器。

③The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。

名师点津
equipment 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能直接加不定冠词。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The ________ (equip) of the photographic studio was expensive.
②The explorers were told to equip themselves ________ everything they would need for the voyage.
答案：①equipment②with
2．However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.(教材P34)
然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

that引导的表语从句
[剖析]这是一个复合句，句子的主语是the most important thing about my job, that在本句中引导表语从句。

①The problem is that he misunderstood me.
问题是他误解了我。

②My question is whether he left (or not)．
我的问题是他是否离开了。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________I was born.”
②According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. That is ________ we decide to put off the meeting.
答案：①where②why
[第2段]
3．I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.(教材P34)
20年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。

appoint vt.任命；委派
①They appointed him as/to_be captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长。

②It made sense to appoint a banker to_do this job.
指派一位银行家做这份工作是明智之举。

③A date for the meeting is still to be_appointed.
会议日期尚待确定。

④She had_an_appointment_with her accountant tonight.
今天晚上她和她的会计约好了见面。

⑤The appointed hour of the ceremony is drawing nearer.
既定的典礼时间就快到了。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①I felt it a great honor to appoint me ________ president of the company.
②She made an ________ (appoint) for me to see the lawyer.
答案：①as②appointment
4．Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材P34)收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩将流往何处，流速是多少。

evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计
①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果进行评价。

②Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。

③The_evaluation_of conduct involves some amount of generalization.
对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①They will first send some trained nurses ________ (evaluate) the needs of the individual situation.
②The results of this kind of ________ (evaluate) derive qualitative conclusions.
答案：①to evaluate②evaluation
5. ... and many houses have been covered with lava or burned_to_the_ground.(教材P34)
……许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。

burn to the ground 全部焚毁
①She has no place to live in because her house has been burned/burnt_to_the_ground.
她无处栖身，因为她的房子被烧毁了。

②The satellite re－entered the atmosphere and burned_up.
卫星重新进入大气层，烧成灰烬。

③Fire officials let the fire burn itself out.
消防官员让火自行熄灭。

名师点津
burn的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：burned, burned; burnt, burnt。

【即景活用】
单句写作
①两个孩子从燃烧的公共汽车里被救出后，公共汽车全部焚毁了。

After two children were rescued from the burning bus, it ______________________________.
②巴德死后6个月，这座房子被烧毁。

Six months after Bud died, the house ____________.
③你发烧了，看过医生了吗？
You're ______________. Have you seen a doctor?
答案：①was burned/burnt to the ground②burned/burnt down③burning up
[第3段]
6．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.(教材P34)像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。

wave n．波浪；波涛vt.波动；起伏；挥手
图解助记
①The wind made little waves on the pond.
风吹得池水起了涟漪。

②She waves her hands about a lot when she's talking.
她说话时手总是摆来摆去的。

③The president waved_at the crowd from the steps of the plane.
总统在飞机的舷梯上向人群挥手。

④My mother cried when I waved_goodbye_to_her.
当我挥手向母亲告别时她哭了。

【即景活用】
单句写作
①在火车站，妈妈向女儿挥手，直到火车消失在视线外。

At the railway station, the mother ____________ her daughter until the train was out of sight.
②一阵恐慌传遍人群。

____________ panic spread through the crowd.
答案：①waved to②A wave of
7．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材P34)
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

be about to do ... when ... 句式
[剖析]此句为并列句，使用了“be about to do ... when ...”句式，其中when为并列连词。

①We were_about_to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。

②She was_on_the_point_of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。

③I was_talking with Tom on the phone when Li Li waved to me.
我正在跟汤姆通电话，这时，李莉向我挥手。

④I had_just_laid down my luggage when Dad's strange voice aroused my attention.
我刚刚放下我的行李，这时爸爸奇怪的声音引起了我的注意。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The plane ________ (be) about to take off when I heard a scream.
②We were driving merrily ________ suddenly we had a burst tyre.
答案：①was②when
8. ... I could see Mount Kilauea in_the_distance. (教材P34)
……在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。

in the distance 在远处
①The noise of the car died away in_the_distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。

②The painting can be only admired at_a_distance.
这幅画只能从远处欣赏。

③He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一位远房表亲。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①I heard the rumble of thunder ________ the distance, which meant another thunderstorm was on its way here.
②The time we spent together is now a ________ (distance) memory.
答案：①in②distant
9．It was an absolutely fantastic sight.(教材P34)
真是绝妙的奇景！
absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地
①He's an absolutely brilliant pianist.
他是一位绝对出色的钢琴家。

②A sick person needs to have absolute trust in a doctor.
病人需要对医生有绝对的信任。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①________ (absolute) terror possessed her.
②She knew ________ (absolute) nothing about feeding a baby.
答案：①Absolute②absolutely
[第4段]
10．We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(教材P34)
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。

suit n. 一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
①It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.
男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。

②It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short.
你不适合剪短发。

③He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
他尽力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。

辨析：fit, suit与match
④I tried that dress on but it didn't fit.
我试穿了那条连衣裙，但不合身。

⑤It is a small house but it suits our needs.
这是一栋小房子，但它符合我们的需要。

⑥You can't match him in the skill of sculpture.
在雕塑技能方面，你无法与他相比。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①You should suit your teaching methods ________ most of the students, which is important for them to improve their marks.
②This area is most ________ (suit) for growing wheat.
答案：①to②suitable
11．It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made_our_way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.(教材P35) 穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。

make one's way前往
①Without experience in it, we have to feel_our_way.
由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。

②Rivers find_their_way to the sea.
条条江河入海洋。

③The Great Wall winds_its_way across the north of China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒前进。

【即景活用】
单句写作
①在热带雨林待了数周之后，我们向营地进发。

After several weeks in the rainforest we ____________________ to our camp.
②这些老房子被拆除来盖一座新楼。

The old houses were knocked down to ____________________ a new building.
答案：①made our way②make way for
12．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构
[剖析]句中but连接两个并列分句，在第二个分句中，this being my first experience是“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。

①The_weather_being_fine,_we have decided to go for a picnic.
天气很好，我们决定去野餐。

②Her_glasses_broken,_she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

③So_many_people_to_help_him,_he is sure to succeed.
如此多的人要帮他，他一定会成功的。

④He came out of the library, a_book_under_his_arm.
他胳膊下夹着一本书，从图书馆里出来了。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The lecture ________ (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
②Weather ________ (permit), we'll go sightseeing.
③The work ________ (finish), they were allowed to have a rest.
④There ________ (be) no buses, they had to walk home.
答案：①having been given②permitting③finished
④being
[第5段]
13．Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their
beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.(教材P35)
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。

potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的
①There is much potential_for change.
变革的可能性很大。

②Education develops potential abilities.
教育能开发人的潜能。

③He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
他还没有意识到他的全部潜能。

【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①All the top 8 guys have the potential ________ (do) anything here.
②Our common goal is to maximize our potential ________ economic growth.
③Lead is ________ (potential) damaging to children's health.
答案：①to do②for③potentially
课后演练提能
课后演练一
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·中央民族大学附中月考)School was over and I felt quite tired. I sat at the very __1__ of the crowded bus because of my anxiety to get home. Sitting there made me __2__ out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.
Janie, the __3__，tried to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by starting a __4__. I tried to mind my manners and __5__ listened, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day. On this day, __6__，her conversation was worth listening to.
“My father's sick，” she said to no one in __7__，but I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes. “What's wrong with him？”I asked. With her eyes wet and her
voice tight from __8__ the tears, she answered, “Heart trouble.” Her eyes __9__ as she continued. “I have already lost my mum, so I don't think I can stand losing him.”
I was __10__. My heart ached for her. And this reminded me of the great __11__ that my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, and __12__ is, for her. I wouldn't like anyone to __13__ that.
Suddenly I realized Janie wasn't only a bus driver. That was __14__ her job. She had a whole world of __15__ and concerns, too. I suddenly felt very selfish. I realized I had only thought of people as __16__ as what their purposes were in my life.
I paid no attention to Janie __17__ she was a bus driver. I had __18__ her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant.
For all I know, I'm just another person in __19__ else's world, and may not even be __20__. I should not have been so selfish and self-centered. Everyone has places to go, people to see and appointments to keep. Understanding people is an art.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

文章通过叙述作者一次在放学回家乘坐的公共汽车上的经历，告诉我们做人不能太自我，也不要片面地去评价或衡量他人的价值。

1．A.side B．end
C．front D．middle
答案：C结合下一句中的“Sitting there”及“like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies”可知，作者此时坐在公共汽车的前部，才显得像是一堆暗淡便士中的一枚闪亮硬币，故选C。

2．A.find B．take
C．think D．stand
答案：D结合下文的“like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies”可知，坐在那儿，“我”就像是一堆暗淡便士中的一枚闪亮硬币，故stand out “显眼”符合语境。

3．A.doctor B．teacher
C．driver D．assistant
答案：C在公共汽车上，应该是司机想打破沉默，且下文中的“I realized Janie wasn't only a bus driver”也是提示，故选C。

4．A.conversation B．topic
C．fire D．discussion
答案：A司机想通过谈话打破不舒服的气氛，且第6空格后的“her conversation was worth listening to”也是暗示，故选A。

5．A.politely B．slightly
C．carelessly D．partly
答案：A结合上文“mind my manners”可知，“我”应该是礼貌地听司机讲话，
故选A。

6．A.otherwise B．instead
C．therefore D．however
答案：D上文提及“我”经常在司机说话的时候想自己的事情，下文提及“her conversation was worth listening to”，故可推知，上下文之间存在转折关系，故选D。

7．A.surprise B．purpose
C．silence D．particular
答案：D此处指她并没有特别对谁说。

in particular “尤其，特别”，为固定短语，故选D。

8．A.fighting B．turning
C．clearing D．protecting
答案：A由语境可知，司机非常痛苦，但是又不能当众哭泣，只能强忍着泪水。

fight tears “强忍着泪水”，故选A。

9．A.opened B．lowered
C．closed D．shone
答案：B由上下文可知，她父亲得了重病，她情绪低沉，当说出父亲所患的病的时候应该是低下眼帘，表示痛苦之情，故选B。

10．A.shocked B．relieved
C．recognized D．excited
答案：A听到她父亲患重病，母亲又已经去世，“我”很震惊，故选A。

11．A.victory B．pain
C．respect D．disappointment
答案：B根据常识可知，“我”母亲的爸爸去世给“我”母亲带来的应该是痛苦，故选B。

12．A.away B．seldom
C．never D．still
答案：D根据“I saw how hard it was, and __12__ is, for her.”可知，“我”知道这对她来说是多么艰难，现在依然如此，故选D。

13．A.pick up B．go through
C．work out D．get down
答案：B此处指“我”不想看到任何人经历同样的痛苦。

go through “经历，经受”，故选B。

14．A.almost B．nearly
C．just D．ever
答案：C此处指司机只是她的工作，故选C。

15．A.school B．factory
C．family D．friend
答案：C根据上下文可知，此处指她也有自己的家庭和自己的忧虑，故选C。

16．A.far B．long
C．much D．well
答案：A根据本句中的“I had only thought of people”及“what their purposes were in my life”可知，“我”意识到，“我”只是以人们在“我”生命中的作用来评判他们，故选A。

as far as表示“就……而言”，符合语境。

17．A.while B．until
C．though D．because
答案：D由前一句所述“我”以人们在“我”生命中的作用来评判他们可推知，“我”没有注意到她，是因为她只是一个司机，故选D。

18．A.judged B．received
C．considered D．criticized
答案：A“我”不注意她，是因为她只是一个司机，所以此处指作者是根据职业来评判一个人的，故选A。

19．A.everyone B．anyone
C．someone D．nobody
答案：C此处指在别人的世界里，“我”只是另外一个人，someone “某人”，故选C。

20．A.happy B．important
C．useful D．wise
答案：B也许在别人的眼里，“我”也并不重要，故选B。

Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2019·浙江省“五校联考”第一次考试)Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies W1，where every second counts W2. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign W3 is lobbying_for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set—the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be submitted to P1Unicode.
“Approximately up to one third of the world's population are exposed to P2 earthquakes，”explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr
Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doi ng that.”
Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on P3digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself，”explains Dr Hicks. “That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don't want too much wording in the warning message.”
Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable inform ation to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”
The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend W4well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章主要叙述了以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动及该运动的创始人对其原因及意义的说明。

1．According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target?
A．Because earthquakes threaten many people in different regions.
B．Because earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji.
C．Because earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring.
D．Because earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world.
答案：A细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知，地震在许多地方威胁着许多人的生命，故选A项。

2．Which of the following ca n replace the underlined phrase “lobbying for” in the first paragraph?
A．Hope for. B．Enter for.
C．Appeal for. D．Run for.
答案：C词义猜测题。

第二段和第三段中地震博士Dr Hicks对此作出解释，目的是呼吁和说服将地震表情符号添加到统一的字符集里面。

由此可知，画线短语与appeal for “呼吁，恳求”意思最为接近，故C项符合题意。

3．What can we infer from Dr Sara McBride's words about emoji?
A．Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot.
B．Emoji is being used to convey valuable information.
C．Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.
D．Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication.
答案：D推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句话可推断出，表情符号是一种通用语言，是一种非常有用的交流工具。

分析选项可知D项符合题意，因此选D项。

4．The best title of the passage should be “________”．
A．Could an emoji save our life?
B．What can emoji do in our life?
C．How is emoji changing our life?
D．Do we really know about emoji?
答案：A标题判断题。

第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。

接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。

地震学家Hicks博士为此作了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情符号能挽救生命。

分析选项可知A项(表情符号能拯救我们的生命吗？)符合题意，故选A 项。

W重点单词
1．emergency n. 紧急情况 2.count v. 有价值
3．campaign n. 活动；战役 4.extend v. 延伸，扩展
P重点短语
1．submit to 提交
2．be exposed to 面对；遭受；接触
3．issue an alert on 发布关于……的警告
B
(2018·新疆维吾尔自治区普通高考第一次适应性检测)Super-storm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States several years ago. The wind-driven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region's subway system. Now two teens have invented a de v ice W1that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Super-storm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the flood-waters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut do w n P1ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板)
and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up w ith P2 a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a built-in, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamper-proof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don't intentionally W2shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述几年前超级暴风雨“桑迪”猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。

为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。

5．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The function of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
答案：D段落大意题。

根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。

文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。

故选D。

6．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?
A．Costly. B．Time-saving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
答案：C推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便，故两位少年的发明很实用。

故选C。

7．What's the purpose of designing the tamper-proof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
答案：C细节理解题。

根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能。

故选C。

8．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
答案：A推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、简单实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。

W重点单词
1．device n. 装置 2.intentionally ad v. 故意地，有意地
P重点短语
1．shut down 关闭 e up with 提出；想出
课后演练二
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When you have filled in the q________，copy it and send the original to your employer.
答案：questionnaire
2．The town was reduced to a________ in the fighting.
答案：ashes
3．(2018·天津高考)Or, maybe all I would find was a________ nothing!
答案：absolutely
4．Huge w________ were breaking on the shore.
答案：waves
5．The e________ has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.
答案：eruption
Ⅱ.选词填空
make one's way，be burned/burnt to the ground，be amazed at，enthusiastic
about，take notice of，in the distance，suitable for，be equipped with，have an appointment with，wave to
1．We warmly ________ the welcoming masses.
答案：waved to
2．I ________ them in the evening.
答案：have an appointment with
3．Don't ________ what they say.
答案：take notice of
4．The Red Army ________ from the south of China to the northwest with great difficulties, which is called the Long March.
答案：made their way
5．I ________ her knowledge of French literature.
答案：was amazed at
6．You don't sound very ________ the idea.
答案：enthusiastic about
7．The house is not really ________ a large family.
答案：suitable for
8．The temple ________ in the war.
答案：was burned/burnt to the ground
9．You can see the mountains ________.
答案：in the distance
10．The rooms ________ video cameras to monitor everything in them.
答案：are equipped with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．A man in the river was shouting and ________(wave) his arms around desperately.
答案：waving
2．We were about to leave ________ it began to rain.
答案：when
3．He ________ (appoint) as manager by the director for his wonderful performance in the past.
答案：was appointed
4．He is unfortunate to have his house ________ (burn) to the ground.
答案：burned/burnt
5．They equipped themselves ________ a pair of sharp axes and set off for the
forest.
答案：with
6．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ (have) a life span of around 20 years.
答案：having
7．He's an ________ (absolute) brilliant cook.
答案：absolutely
8．The market situation is difficult ________ (evaluate)．
答案：to evaluate
9．The ________ (actually) cost was much higher than what we had expected.
答案：actual
10．________ (know) him for a long time and been a collector of his art, I had the opportunity recently to visit his gallery.
答案：Having known
Ⅳ.单句改错
1．The committee appointed him to be the chairman.
__________________________________
答案：去掉第二个the
2．It was getting dark and we made our way to home.
__________________________________
答案：去掉to
3．I was about to call him then he came himself.
__________________________________
答案：then→when或then前加and
4．His dinner was eaten, Tom walked straight into the classroom.
__________________________________
答案：去掉was或Tom前加and
5．She was late for the appointment. This is why she came across an old friend halfway.
__________________________________
答案：why→because
[能力题]
阅读理解
A
During a small earthquake, you will feel a little shaking. Pictures hanging on the walls might move back and forth P1. Dishes might rattle W1inside the kitchen cabinet.
A lamp might possibly fall and break.
In a very strong earthquake, you might be thrown upward or down to the ground, Cracks might appear in the ground. Windows might be broken. Buildings and bridges might fall down. People might be injured or even killed.
Strong earthquakes often suddenly break electric wires. That means electric lights and machines will not work. Water pipes sometimes break, so people have no water to drink. Pipes that carry natural gas, and tanks that hold petrol and dangerous chemicals, can break and start fires.
Aftershocks W2are mini-quakes that come after the main part of an earthquake. They can cause even more damage. Aftershocks are especially dangerous for rescue w orkers P2who have gone into ruined buildings to help people who are trapped inside. The buildings can collapse,_trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help.
Very strong earthquakes can cause tsunamis in the ocean, which may bring great damage. Earthquakes can cause landslides where dirt and rocks slide down the sides of a mountain and damage buildings and hurt people. Earthquakes can also cause avalanches (雪崩) and heavy snow slide down a mountainside. An avalanche can be just as dangerous as a landslide.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了微震和强震的表现及其可能造成的破坏。

1．Which of the following results of a strong earthquake can't be concluded from the passage?
A．That strong bridges fall down.
B．That people have no water to drink.
C．That some dangerous chemicals flow out.
D．That dishes in the kitchen shake and make sounds.
答案：D细节理解题。

根据第一段对轻微地震及第二、三段对强震的描述可知，D项(厨房内餐具晃动并发出响声)是在轻微地震中出现的状况。

2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Aftershocks are not as dangerous as the main part of an earthquake.
B．Aftershocks are even more dangerous than big earthquakes to the rescue workers.
C．Aftershocks always cause more serious harm than the main part of an earthquake.
D．Aftershocks are strong earthquakes following the main part of an earthquake.
答案：B细节理解题。

根据第四段对余震的介绍可知，对救援人员而言，余震比强震更危险。

3．The underlined word “collapse” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．A．fall down B．shake out
C．set up D．break through
答案：A词义猜测题。

第四段主要介绍了余震的危害，结合画线词后面的“trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help”可知，画线词意为“坍塌；倒塌”。

4．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how earthquakes take place
B．what causes strong earthquakes
C．strong earthquakes and light ones
D．the types of earthquakes and their damage
答案：D主旨大意题。

文章提及了small earthquake, aftershock和strong earthquake以及它们带来的破坏，故D项切题。

W重点单词
1．rattle v t.& v i. (使)发出响声
2．aftershock n. 余震
P重点短语
1．back and forth 反复地；来回地
2．rescue worker 救援人员
B
Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf_your_ship,_making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains. They are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder. It seems that nothing that large could be natural—and then it strikes you that something so large could only be natural.。