landscape garden
园林常用英语词汇对照
园林中英文对照1.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center2.0258 野营区camp site2.0259 游人中心visitors center2.0260 服务中心service center2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area2.0279 办公区administrative area2.0280 服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place2.0284 主要入口main entrance2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer 2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface 2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout 2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge’2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed 2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521 回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 日规sundial2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction2.0561 种植工程planting engineering2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks 2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物shade plant2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械garden machine2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement2.0635 园林设备garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider2.0637 种植容器planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler 2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net2.0653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 2.0666 松土除草机cultivator2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear2.0679 播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour descri ption and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management2.0705 财务管理financial management2.0706 安全管理safety management2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management2.0710 质量管理quality management2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划management plan2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间opening time2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system2.0725 自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature2.0727 自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection2.0729 环境容量environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system2.0742 反馈系统feedback system2.0743 自养生物autotroph2.0744 异养生物heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant 2.0748 主体群落major community2.0749 人工群落artificial community2.0750 绿色革命green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system 2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plant。
斯托海德风景园-中英文对应
斯托海德风景园摘要：斯托海德是英国风景式园林的杰出代表，位于威尔特郡，在索尔斯伯里平原的西南角。
1717年，亨利·霍尔一世（1677~1725）买下这里的地产，于1724年建造了帕拉第奥式的府邸建筑。
1793年扩建了两翼，而中央部分在1902年被烧毁后又重新恢复。
在亨利一世期间并未建园，他的儿子亨利二世，又称大亨利（1705~1785）自1741年开始创建风景园，并倾注了他一生的精力。
[1]关键词：风景园；斯托海德；亨利·霍尔；风景式园林斯托海德风景园是18世纪人们对弗吉尔和克劳迪安的世外桃源的渴望的完美实现。
它被建在一个繁茂的山谷之中，沿环湖小径散步，可以看到一系列的如画景色：庙宇、雕塑、泉水、洞穴，所有这一切都牵动着你的视觉神经、文学修养甚至个人经历。
这个经过了精心设计的风景园，不论站在哪个角度，都可以看到美丽的风景，包括阿波罗神庙、花神庙、先贤寺（从克劳德的画中得知），还有那座帕拉第奥式桥梁（图一）。
[2]图1风景园是由亨利·霍尔二世在1741到1780年间按照18世纪英国古典园林风格设计的。
他将流经园址的一条小河截流，在园内形成了一个大湖泊，它的创作灵感源于洛兰、普桑这些画家，特别是画了意大利风景园林理想景色的加斯帕。
这与斯陀园的风格相似。
园内还包括大量可体现霍尔家族的教养和财富的庙宇。
在山坡上远眺，低处的方尖碑和艾福瑞塔，另一山坡上的阿波罗神庙、令人心动的杜鹃花、水景、瀑布和庙宇呈现在你的眼前。
公园群还有着来自世界各地品种繁多的树木、灌木。
图2西岸的最北面，设计有假山洞，现在的山洞已不似原设计那样对称。
面对湖水的岩洞，既形成观赏湖上及对岸风光的景框，也便于洞内采光（图2）。
洞中的水池上有卧着水妖的石床，流水形成的水帘由床上落入池中。
洞中还有一河神像，其风格及姿态都反映了古希腊遗风。
洞壁上刻着：“甜甜的水，岩石中洋溢着生命力的地方，是水妖的住处。
”山洞以南是哥特式村庄。
介绍开封清明上河园的英语作文80词
介绍开封清明上河园的英语作文80词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden is a pretty park in Kaifeng, China. It has rivers, bridges, and old buildings. In spring, colorful flowers bloom everywhere. My favorite part is the big snaking rivers where you can ride a boat. The bridges over the rivers are painted bright red and very old. It feels like traveling back in time! I love exploring the garden's winding paths and feeding the fish and ducks. It's a peaceful place to spend the day outside.篇2Qingming Riverside Park is a beautiful place in Kaifeng, China. It is along the Bian River and has pretty gardens, ancient buildings, and fun activities. My favorite part is the Dragon Boat Race during the Dragon Boat Festival! The colorful dragon boats race on the river while people cheer. There are also folk performances, food stalls, and carnival games. Visiting the park during holidays is so exciting and lets me learn about Chinese culture. I love spending time at Qingming Riverside Park!篇3The Qingming Riverside Park is a pretty place in Kaifeng, China. It has a long history going back over 1,000 years! During the Qingming Festival, people go there to remember their ancestors. They fly colorful kites and burn fake money for the spirits. There are also boats you can ride on the river. My favorite parts are the peach blossom trees and watching the dancing dragons! I feel happy and peaceful when I visit this special park.篇4The Qingming Riverside Scenic Area is sooo cool! It's a huge park along the river in Kaifeng, China. There are beautiful gardens with colorful flowers and trees. You can take a boat ride down the river and see traditional buildings from long ago. My favorite part is the big playground with swings, slides, and climbing stuff. During the Qingming Festival, they have dragon boat races and yummy snacks. I love spending the day there with my family eating candied hawthorn and watching the performances on stage. It's an awesome place to learn about Chinese culture and history while having lots of fun!篇5The Qingming Riverside Garden: A Wonderful Place to Visit!Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm going to tell you about this amazing place called the Qingming Riverside Garden in Kaifeng, China. It's one of my favorite spots to visit because there's so much to see and do there!First of all, let me tell you a bit about Kaifeng. It's a really old city that used to be the capital of China during the Northern Song Dynasty which was like a thousand years ago! Can you imagine how long ago that was? The city has a lot of cool historic sites and the Qingming Riverside Garden is one of the best.The garden is absolutely huge – it's over 3.5 square kilometers! That's like a million basketball courts put together. It runs along the banks of the Baiguan River and has all these beautiful landscapes with hills, lakes, pavilions, and temples. My favorite part is probably the Qingming Riverside Landscape, which recreates a famous ancient painting called "Along the River During the Qingming Festival." It's a massive 3D scene with thousands of little figures and buildings that brings the painting to life!There's so much fun stuff to do at the garden too. You can take a little boat across the lakes, or just wander along the winding paths and bridges. I love looking at all the pretty flowersand plants – there are peach blossoms, lotus flowers, bamboo groves, and more. In the spring they have amazing lantern shows at night where they light up the whole garden. It's breathtaking!Some parts of the garden are replicas of other famous gardens from around China, like the Jingci Garden from Suzhou. There are ancient temples and pagodas you can explore too. The Dragon Pavilion has these cool guardian lion statues at the entrance. And you can't miss the enormous stone boat carved from a single piece of rock!My favorite activity though is probably seeing all the cultural performances they have at different venues around the garden. There are actors dressing up as characters from ancient legends, musicians playing traditional instruments, dancers, acrobats, you name it! It's like stepping back in time.I could go on forever about the Qingming Riverside Garden but I don't want this to get too long. Just trust me, if you ever get a chance to visit Kaifeng, you have to come see this place! It's an amazing window into China's rich history and culture. And it's just plain awesome!篇6Qingming Shanghe Garden: A Magical Place in KaifengHi everyone! My name is Emily and I'm going to tell you all about this amazing place called Qingming Shanghe Garden in Kaifeng, China. It's one of the coolest places I've ever been to!First of all, the garden is huge! It's over 10 hectares big with lots of rivers, lakes, islands, bridges, and pavilions all around. When you first go in, you walk across this long covered bridge called the Daxing Bridge. It's painted red and green and looks super pretty against the water.There are boats you can ride in the lakes and rivers. The boat drivers use long poles to push the boats along and tell stories about the garden's history. On one of the islands is a big building called the Huating Hall where government officials used to hang out hundreds of years ago.My favorite part is all the cool willow trees! They have these long, flowing branches that hang down and touch the water. It looks like a magical forest when the branches sway in the breeze. Under the willows are little pavilions where people can sit and relax in the shade.Another highlight is all the beautiful flowers and plants. There are peonies, lotus flowers, bamboo, and more. The peonies are my favorite - their ruffled petals look like fancydresses! In spring, the whole garden is covered in blooming trees of white, pink, and red. It's breathtakingly pretty.The garden also has some fun things like swings you can play on and a maze made of bushes that you can try to find your way through. There's even an indoor section with bonsai trees, art galleries, and pottery exhibits.When I went with my family, we had a picnic lunch under the willow trees. We got to try fun snacks like sugar candies shaped like little animals. After eating, we wrote poems about the garden's beauty on little wooden plaques and hung them on the trees!At night, the whole place lights up with colorful lanterns hanging everywhere. It looks like a fairytale kingdom! Musicians play traditional Chinese instruments and people write poems and sing songs by the lakes.Qingming Shanghe Garden has been around for over 1000 years, but it still feels just as magical today. It celebrates the arrival of spring with stunning natural scenery. I wish I could spend every day exploring its winding paths and serene waterways! If you ever go to Kaifeng, you have to visit this enchanting wonderland. Just be prepared to be dazzled!。
园林景观常用英语
园林英语2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Y uan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center2.0258 野营区camp site2.0259 游人中心visitors center2.0260 服务中心service center2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area2.0279 办公区administrative area2.0280 服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place2.0284 主要入口main entrance2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden 2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone孤赏石monolith, standing stone掇山piled stone hill, hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench园林英文词汇园林学landscape architecture,garden ar-chitecture 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学environmental horticulture观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计garden design园林管理garden management园林生态landscape ecology绿化greening, planting环境绿化environmental greening绿地面积green area绿地率ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing 街道绿化street greening, street planting分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening堤岸种植bank planting阳台绿化balcony greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening专类花园specified flower garden园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden城市公园city park, urban park儿童公园children park森林公园forest park绿地green space公共绿地public green space单位绿地unit green area城市绿地urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space生产绿地productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery园林总体规划garden master planning总平面规划site planning园林分区garden zoning安静休息区tranquil rest area儿童活动区children playing space近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划garden area division喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学environmental horticulture观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape,园林garden and park园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 园林设计garden design园林机具设备gardening machine园林管理garden management园林生态landscape ecology绿化greening, planting环境绿化environmental greening绿地面积green area绿地率ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化street greening, street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting 堤岸种植bank planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening花园garden专类花园specified flower garden花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 动物园zoo, zoo logical garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park, street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地green space公共绿地public green space单位绿地unit green area城市绿地urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地suburban green space街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space生产绿地productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor, villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden, patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Hunting Garden灵沼Water Garden灵台Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view,scenery,feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view 又称“抑景”。
(2021年整理)园林景观专业词汇英语
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2。
0325 园林设计师landscape architect，garden designer 2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2。
0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2。
0332 园林形式garden style2。
0333 规整式园林formal garden style2。
0334 非规整园林informal garden style2。
0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2。
0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2。
0339 马克斯抽象园林R。
B. Marx abstract garden2。
0340 园林区划garden area division2。
0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2。
常用景观英语用词(大汇总)
景观园林英语------常用短语汇总篇第一部分常用的景观英文(参考)1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) ---------- main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) ----------2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )3.商业中心入口---------- entrance to shopping ctr.4.水景---------- water feature5.小型露天剧场---------- mini amphi-theatre6.迎宾景观-1---------- welcoming feature-17.观景木台---------- timber deck (viewing)8.竹园---------- bamboo garden9.漫步广场---------- walkway plaza10.露天咖啡廊---------- out door cafe11.巨大迎宾水景-2 ---------- grand welcoming feature-212.木桥---------- timber bridge13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台---------- rock'scape waterfall's grotto/ viewing terrace14.吊桥---------- hanging bridge15.休憩台地(低处) ---------- lounging terrace (lower )16.休憩台地(高处) ---------- lounging terrace (upper )17.特色踏步---------- feature stepping stone18.野趣小溪---------- river wild19.儿童乐园----------children's playground20.旱冰道---------- slide21.羽毛球场---------- badminton court22.旱景---------- dry landscape23.日艺园---------- Japanese garden24.旱喷泉---------- dry fountain25.观景台---------- viewing deck26.游泳池---------- swimming pool27.极可意---------- jacuzzi28.嬉水池---------- wading pool29.儿童泳池---------- children's pool30.蜿蜒水墙---------- winding wall31.石景雕塑---------- ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场----------CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场---------- EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥---------- BRIDGE35.交流广场---------- MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵---------- TREE BATTLE FORMATION37.停车场----------PARING AREA38.特色花架---------- TRELLIS39.雕塑小道---------- sculpture trail40.(高尔夫)轻击区---------- putting green41.高尔夫球会所---------- golf clubhouse42.每栋建筑入口---------- entrance paving to unit43.篮球场---------- basketball court44.网球场---------- tennis court45.阶梯坐台/种植槽---------- terracing seat-wall/planter46.广场----------main plaza47.森林、瀑布---------- forest garden waterfall48.石景园---------- rockery garden49.旱溪---------- dry stream50.凉亭---------- pavilion51.户外淋浴---------- outdoor shower52.拉膜结构---------- tensile structure53.台阶----------stair54.高尔夫球车停车场---------- parking ( golf car )55.健身站----------exercise station56.晨跑小路---------- jogging footpath57.车道/人行道----------driveway /sidewalk58.人行漫步道---------- promenade59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) ---------- water fall and dancing fountain ( entry plaza )60.特色入口----------entry feature61.石景广场----------rockery plaza第二部分常用的景观英文(参考)1/25：landscape plan——景观平面图（1）grand entrance plaza——入口广场（2）main pedestrian gate——步行主入口大门（3）arrival plaza （el.±0.00）——中心广场（高度±0.00）（4）west entrance—glass bridge——西侧入口—玻璃小桥（5）rock mountain with waterfall——石山瀑布（highest point elev.+8.00）——最高点高度+8.00 （6）main viewing deck（el.+3.00）——主观景台（7）waterfall bridge（el.+3.00）——瀑布小桥（8）spa.（deck elev.+2.00）——温泉（恒温水池）（平台高度+2.00）（9）children’s’ pool——儿童泳池（10）m ain swimming pool——主泳池（11）w aterfall——瀑布（12）p ool deck （el.－0.50）——泳池平台（13）a rch bridge——拱桥（14）s tone steps to changing room——石墩（石桥）至更衣室（15）r unning stream——小溪（16）f orest mountain（highest point elev.+3.50）——绿树山丘（最高点高度+3.50）（17）f orest hill——绿树山坡(highest point elev. ＋2.00)——最高点高度＋2.00 （18）a mphitheater（el.－0.50）——圆形剧院（19）c hildren’s playground（el.±0.00）——儿童游乐场（20）n orth entrance（el.±0.00）——北侧入口（21）s econdary viewing deck（el. .+2.00）——次观景台（22）v iewing pavilion（el. .+2.00）——观景凉亭（23）e ast entrance（el.±0.00）——东侧入口（24）a ctivity plaza——休闲活动广场（25）b lock entrance with lighting marker——带灯光标识器的单元入口（26）b adminton court——羽毛球场（27）m ulti-purpose sport’s court——多功能运动场（28）s itting area（open）——休憩区（露天）（29）g arden play maze for kids——儿童迷宫（30）c hip-putt golf green——高尔夫练习场（推球练习）（31）b ird watching area——观鸟区（32）f oot reflexology with open sitting areas——足步按摩休息区（33）e xercise station——健身区（34）j ogging track——慢跑道（35）r esting area——休憩区（36）u nit private enclosed garden——私家花园（37）v oid for light-ventilation——采光及通风空间（landscaped garden below）——下为景观花园（38）s kylight to basement carpark——地下停车场天窗（39）s econdary pedestrian entrance——次步行入口（40）c ommercial shops plaza——临时停车场（41）r amp down to basement carpark——坡道向下至地下车库（42）c olonnade——柱廊（43）w ater feature-wall signage——水池及小区标牌（44）f ish pond——鱼池（45）k id’s play stream——儿童戏水小溪（46）s outh entrance（el.±0.00）——南侧入口（47）i sland mound（el.+1.50）——小岛（用土堆起的）（48）e arth mound——山坡（用土堆起的）2/25：尚未整理！！basement carpark plan——地下停车场平面图legend——图例（1）entrance/exit ramp——入口/出口坡道（2）car arrival drop-off area——车道（3）water feature——水池（4）landscape garden——景观花园（void above for light-ventilation）——上部空间供采光及通风使用（5）lift lobby——电梯间（6）motor bike parking——摩托车停车位3/25：3rd storey landscape plan——三楼景观平面图legend：——图例（1）lift lobby-access to garden——电梯间-通往花园（2）activity void deck——休闲平台（3）secondary open sitting area——次露天休憩区（4）kid’s play court——儿童游乐区（5）main open sitting area——主露天休憩区（6）unit private enclosed garden——私家花园4/25：longitudinal section · a-a——a-a剖面图road——道路grand entrance plaza——入口广场main entrance walkway——主入口人行道basement carpark——地下停车场arrival plaza——中心广场west entrance——西侧入口fish pond——鱼池rock mountain——石山waterfall——瀑布main viewing deck——主观景台changing room——更衣室waterfall——瀑布main swimming pool——主游泳池pool deck——泳池平台running stream——小溪forest mountain——绿树山丘amphitheatre——圆形剧场viewing deck——观景台viewing pavilion——观景凉亭east entrance——东侧入口kid’s garden play maze——儿童迷宫bird watching area——观鸟区landscape garden——景观花园exercise station——健身区5/25：cross section b·b——b·b剖面图road——道路comm’l. plaza——临时停车场basement carpark——地下停车位void landscape garden——景观花园block entry——单元入口basement carpark——地下停车位foot path——人行通道running stream——小溪main viewing deck——主观景台waterfall——瀑布main swimming pool——主游泳池rock mountain ——石山waterfall——瀑布bridge——小桥spa——温泉（恒温水池）running stream——小溪block entry——单元入口basement carpark——地下停车位void landscape garden——景观花园lift lobby——电梯间shops——商店basement carpark——地下停车位comm’l. plaza——临时停车场main road——小区大道roof garden——顶层花园3rd storey landscape——三层景观6/25：（1）grand entrance plaza ——主入口广场（42）colonnade ——柱廊（43）water feature · wall signage水池·小区标牌7/25：（3）arrival plaza——中心广场（4）west entrance·glass bridge——西侧入口·玻璃小桥（44）fish pond——鱼池8/25：（6）main viewing deck——主观景台9/25：（10）main swimming pool——主游泳池（11）waterfall——瀑布（12）pool deck——泳池平台10/25：（18）amphitheatre——圆形剧场11/25：（22）viewing pavilion——观景凉亭（23）east entrance——东侧入口12/25：（25）block entrance w/lighting marker——带灯光标识的单元入口13/25：（30）chip 8c putt golf green——高尔夫绿地（31）bird watching area——观鸟区（32）foot reflexology——足部按摩区14/25：（34）jogging track——慢跑道（35）resting area——休憩区（36）private enclosed garden——私家花园15/25：（2）car arrival drop-off——车道（3）water feature——水池（4）landscaped garden——景观花园16/25：（4）landscaped garden at basement carpark （apt.）——地下停车场景观花园17/25：（1）lift lobby at 3rd storey landscaped garden——三楼电梯间景观花园18/25：ground storey clubhouse plan——一层会所平面图reception——接待处lounge——休息区guard-control room——警卫及控制室entry porch——入口门廊main pedestrian gate——主步行入口management office——管理处办公室grand entrance plaza——入口大广场19/25：2nd storey clubhouse plan——二楼会所平面图part of commercial shops——临时停车场locker rm.——衣帽柜室gym——健身房male/female——男洗手间/女洗手间hall way——走道mah-jong——麻将室card——纸牌室board games——棋类室TV/ karaoke——电视/卡拉ok室balcony——阳台reading room——阅览室storeroom.——储藏室void——空间snooker——斯诺克（台球）billiard——桌球table tennis——乒乓球室part of apartment unit——楼体部份office——办公室manager——经理室store——储藏室20/25：clubhouse——会所side elevation——侧立面front elevation——正立面21/25：fence 8c gate detail——围墙·大门细节site key plan——重点部分平面图solid concrete fence wall——实心混凝土围墙secondary entrance——次入口main entrance——主入口steel fence wall——铁栏杆围墙22/25：Fence ·gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）front elevation（main entrance）——正立面（主入口）section·a——a部分outside/inside——外部/内部section·b——b部分detail plan——详细部份平面图isometric detail——详细刻度sliding steel door——滑动钢制门selected lighting fixtures——精选灯具插口decorative cover（to details）——装饰外罩（看详细解释）sliding metal steel door——滑动金属钢制门（to manufacture details）——（看详细制造解释）23/25：fence 8c gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）front elevation（secondary entrance）——正立面（次入口）side walk——人行道24/25：fence 8c gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）section·a——a部分section·b——b部分section·c——c部分detail plan——详细部分平面图25/25：changing room——更衣室locker area——衣帽柜female changing room——女更衣室（洗手间）entry hall——入口门厅foyer——休息室male changing room——男更衣室（洗手间）pump-filter room——水泵·过滤房main viewing deck——主观景台part of swimming pool——泳池部分waterfall——瀑布第三部分中国古典园林------classical Chinese garden中国传统园林-------traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林-------ancient Chinese garden中国山水园----------Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑--------- imperial palace garden皇家园林----------royal garden私家园林-----------private garden江南园林--------------garden on the Yangtze delta西方古典园林---------------western classical garden英国式园林-------------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------------angle Chinese style garden 意大利式园林------------------ Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------------Spanish style garden法兰西式园林------------------French style garden勒诺特尔式园林---------------le notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园--------------------renaissance style garden 洛可可式园林-----------------------rococo style garden巴洛克式园林---------------------baroque style garden庄园--------------------------manor,villa garden廊柱园-----------------------peristyle garden,patio绿廊----------------------------xystus迷阵-----------------------------maze,labyrinth灵囿-------------------------- ling you hunting garden 周代术语灵沼---------------ling zhao water garden 周代术语灵台---------------ling tai platform garden 周代术语阿房宫-------------e-pang palace 秦代术语上林苑---------------shang-lin yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------------wei-yang palace 汉代术语洛阳宫----------------luoyang palace 魏代术语华清宫----------------hua-qing palace 唐代术语艮岳-------------------gen yue imperial garden 宋代术语圆明园----------------yuan-ming yuan imperial garden颐和园-------------------yi-he yuan imperial garden承德避暑山庄---------------chengde imperial summer resort 苏州园林----------------------suzhou traditional garden悬园----------- hanging garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
高中英语高考复习旅游景区名称标识类单词(共7类)
高考英语旅游景区名称标识类单词1.自然景观景观Landscape或Scenery海滩Beach江；河River溪Creek或Stream潭；池Pond〔日月潭、天池等已习惯使用Lake的可沿用〕湖；泊Lake瀑布Falls或Waterfall冰川Glacier森林；林地Forest或Woods湿地Wetland沼泽Marsh或Moor峡谷Gorge或Canyon山谷Valley山洞Cave溶洞Karst Cave或Limestone Cave山Mountain或Hill〔峨眉山等已习惯使用Mount的可沿用〕峰Peak或Mountain Peak山脉Mountains或Mountain Range雪山Snow Mountain温泉Hot Spring2.风景园林风景名胜；风景名胜区；旅游景区Tourist Attraction〔泛指多处景点时应用复数，译作Tourist Attractions〕景区Scenic Area景点Scenic Spot自然保护区Natural Reserve或Nature Reserve水利风景区Water Conservancy Scenic Area 国家级景区National Tourist Attraction国家森林公园National Forest Park园；圈；苑Garden公园；综合公园City Park或Urban Park民俗园Folklore Park1民族风情园Ethnic Culture Park 地质公园Geopark湿地公园Wetland Park雕塑公园Sculpture Park主题公园Theme Park森林公园Forest Park生态公园Ecopark植物园Botanical Garden盆景园Miniature Landscape Garden或Potted Landscape Garden 3.寺庙观堂宫〔皇宫〕；行宫Palace殿；堂Hall教堂Church或Cathedral廊〔长廊〕Corridor陵；墓Tomb或Mausoleum陵园；墓园Cemetery庙；寺〔佛教〕Temple宫；观〔道教〕Daoist Temple清真寺Mosque庵Nunnery祠〔纪念性〕Memorial Temple宗祠Ancestral Temple或Clan Temple牌坊；牌楼Memorial Gate或Memorial Archway楼；塔楼；阁Tower塔Pagoda〔佛塔〕；Stupa或Dagoba〔舍利塔〕4.文化景观世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage〔泛指〕或World Cultural Heritage Site〔特指一处遗产〕中国优秀旅游城市Top Tourist City of China爱国主义教育基地Patriotism Education Base名胜古迹Scenic Spots and Historial Sites〔泛指多处景点〕国家级文物保护单位National Cultural Heritage Site省级文物保护单位Provinical Cultural Heritage Site市级文物保护单位Municipal Cultural Heritage Site区级文物保护单位District Cultural Heritage Site古建筑Ancient Building或Heritage Building〔已列入保护项目〕院；大院Courtyard或Compound〔已列入保护项目〕古城2Ancient City或Heritage City〔已列入保护项目〕古城Ancient Town或Old Town或Heritage Town〔已列入保护项目〕旧址Site会址Site of ___ Conference〔“___”中填入具体会议名称〕故里Hometown故居Former Residence古桥Ancient Bridge古塔Ancient Pagoda古迹Historical Site遗址Ruins古墓Ancient Tomb石窟Grottoes 石刻Stone Inscription〔文字〕；Stone Carving〔非文字〕碑记Tablet Inscription历史名园Historical Garden纪念馆；纪念堂Memorial Hall公墓Cemetery烈士陵园Martyrs Cemetery遗址公园Heritage Park一级文物First Grade Culture Relic 或Grade One Culture Relic 二级文物Second Grade Culture Relic 或Grade Two Culture Relic 三级文物Third Grade Culture Relic 或Grade Three Culture Relic 不可移动文物Immovable Cultural Heritage5.休闲度假度假村Resort旅游度假区Resort Area动物园Zoo或Zoological Park 野生动物园Wildlife Park海洋公园Marine Park或Ocean Park水上乐园Water Park水族馆；海洋馆Aquarium体育公园Sports Park游乐园Amusement ParkChildren’s Park儿童游乐场；儿童乐园Children’s Playground农家乐儿童公园Agritainment民族特色街Ethnic Culture Street步行街Pedestrian Street或Pedestrian Zone工业旅游示范点Industrial Tourism Demonstration Site农业旅游示范点Agricultural Tourism Demonstration Site36.文化景观世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage〔泛指〕或World Cultural Heritage Site〔特指一处遗产〕中国优秀旅游城市Top Tourist City of China爱国主义教育基地Patriotism Education Base名胜古迹Scenic Spots and Historial Sites〔泛指多处景点〕国家级文物保护单位National Cultural Heritage Site省级文物保护单位Provinical Cultural Heritage Site市级文物保护单位Municipal Cultural Heritage Site区级文物保护单位District Cultural Heritage Site古建筑Ancient Building或Heritage Building〔已列入保护项目〕院；大院Courtyard或Compound〔已列入保护项目〕古城Ancient City或Heritage City〔已列入保护项目〕古城Ancient Town或Old Town或Heritage Town〔已列入保护项目〕旧址Site会址Site of ___ Conference〔“___”中填入具体会议名称〕故里Hometown故居Former Residence古桥Ancient Bridge古塔Ancient Pagoda古迹Historical Site遗址Ruins古墓Ancient Tomb石窟Grottoes石刻Stone Inscription〔文字〕；Stone Carving〔非文字〕碑记Tablet Inscription历史名园Historical Garden纪念馆；纪念堂Memorial Hall公墓Cemetery烈士陵园Martyrs Cemetery遗址公园Heritage Park一级文物First Grade Culture Relic 或Grade One Culture Relic 二级文物Second Grade Culture Relic 或Grade Two Culture Relic 三级文物Third Grade Culture Relic 或Grade Three Culture Relic 不可移动文物Immovable Cultural Heritage7.休闲度假度假村Resort旅游度假区Resort Area1动物园Zoo或Zoological Park 野生动物园Wildlife Park海洋公园Marine Park或Ocean Park水上乐园Water Park水族馆；海洋馆Aquarium体育公园Sports Park游乐园Amusement ParkChildren’s Park儿童游乐场；儿童乐园Children’s Playground农家乐儿童公园Agritainment民族特色街Ethnic Culture Street步行街Pedestrian Street或Pedestrian Zone工业旅游示范点Industrial Tourism Demonstration Site农业旅游示范点Agricultural Tourism Demonstration Site2。
苏州园林英文介绍
Master-of-nets garden
The Master-of-Nets Garden is the historical monument for national reservation. And it is inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. The garden was founded in the 1180 in the Southern Song Dynasty. Its founder was Shi Zhengzhi, a high official of the Song Court. The earliest name of the garden was the Ten Thousand Volumes Hall. The residence was also known as Fisherman’s Retreat.
The ground of art
Indoor setting
The garden covers an area of 1.35 acre, and is compactly laid out, with halls, corridors and pavilions well positioned. The garden is of typical residential style. It’s very unique in Suzhou.
Suzhou gistrator’s Garden
Famous
Natural Artificial stone Landscape Gardener
Pavilion
Suzhou is a beautiful city where you can see many bridges and rivers.Especially in Suzhou Gardens.many pavilions are connected by them. Now,let us enjoy some pictures
园林英语
园林英语总论1 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture2 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing3 环境园艺学environmental horticulture4 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture5 园林艺术garden art6 园林美学garden aesthetics7 园林建筑学garden architecture8 园林建筑garden building9 园林工程garden engineering10 园林植物landscape plant11 观赏植物ornamental plant12 盆景miniature landscape, penjing13 园林garden and park14 园林学史history of garden architecture15 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning16 园林设计garden design17 园林机具设备gardening machine18 园林管理garden management19 园林生态landscape ecology20 绿化greening, planting21 环境绿化environmental greening22 绿地面积green area23 绿地率ratio of green space24 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage25 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing26 街道绿化street greening, street planting27 车行道绿化driveway greening28 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening29 人行道绿化sidewalk greening30 群众绿化mass planting movement31 郊区绿化suburban greening32 公路绿化highway greening33 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting34 堤岸种植bank planting35 阳台绿化balcony greening36 窗台绿化window-sill greening37 屋顶绿化roof greening38 垂直绿化vertical greening39 攀缘绿化climber greening40 桥头绿化bridgehead greening41 花园garden42 专类花园specified flower garden43 花园村garden village44 园林城市landscape garden city45 蔷薇园rose garden46 松柏园conifer garden47 球根园bulb garden48 宿根园perennial garden49 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery50 狩猎场hunting ground51 街心花园street crossing center garden52 小游园petty street garden53 水景园water garden54 铺地园paved garden55 野趣园wild plants botanical garden56 野生植物园wild plants garden57 乡趣园rustic garden58 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape59 动物园zoo, zoological garden60 墓园cemetery garden61 沼泽园bog and marsh garden62 水生植物园aquatic plants garden63 学校园school garden64 室内花园indoor garden65 芳香花园fragrant garden66 盲人花园garden for the blind67 公园park, public park68 城市公园city park, urban park69 区公园regional park70 儿童公园children park71 体育公园sports park72 森林公园forest park73 纪念公园memorial park74 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park75 综合公园comprehensive park76 文化公园cultural park77 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park78 中央公园central park79 天然公园natural park80 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park81 古迹公园historic site park82 河滨公园riverside park83 湖滨公园lakeside park84 路边公园roadside park, street park85 娱乐公园amusement park86 雕塑公园sculpture park87 休憩公园recreation park88 疗养公园sanatorium park89 国家公园national park90 邻里公园neighborhood park91 特种公园special park92 植物园botanical garden93 植物公园abeled plants park94 高山植物园alpine garden95 热带植物园tropical plants garden96 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden97 绿地green space98 公共绿地public green space99 单位绿地unit green area100 城市绿地urban green space101 街道广场绿地street and square green area102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 104 郊区绿地suburban green space105 街坊绿地residential block green belt106 附属绿地attached green space107 生产绿地productive plantation area108 苗圃nursery109 风景landscape, scenery110 自然景观natural landscape111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 112 草原景观prairie landscape113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 114 地理景观geographical landscape115 湖泊景观lake view116 郊区景观suburban landscape117 地质景观geological landscape118 喀斯特景观karst landscape119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape中国园林史120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden125 皇家园林royal garden126 私家园林private garden127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史128 西方古典园林western classical garden129 英国式园林English style garden130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden131 意大利式园林Italian style garden132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden133 法兰西式园林French style garden134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden138 庄园manor, villa garden139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio140 绿廊xystus141 迷阵maze, labyrinth2.3 典型中西园林142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden155 悬园Hanging Garden156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden3 园林艺术159 景view, scenery, feature160 远景distant view161 近景nearby view162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery166 漏景leaking through scenery167 框景enframed scenery168 尾景terminal feature169 主景main feature170 副景secondary feature171 配景objective view172 夹景vista line, vista173 前景front view174 背景background175 景序order of sceneries176 景点feature spot, view spot177 仰视景观upward landscape178 俯视景观downward landscape179 季相景观seasonal phenomena180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 181 视野visual field182 秋色fall color, autumn color183 园林空间garden space184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space 185 封闭空间enclosure space186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 187 苍古antiquity188 空灵spaciousness, airiness189 动观in-motion viewing190 静观in-position viewing191 视错觉visual illusion192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 193 对称平衡symmetrical balance194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance195 左右对称bilateral symmetry196 辐射对称radial symmetry197 透景线perspective line198 轴线axis, axial line199 主轴main axis 200 副轴auxiliary axis 201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis202 树冠线skyline203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony 206 对比色突出contrast colors accent207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 208 暖色warm color209 冷色cool color210 色感color sense211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning212 绿地系统green space system213 公共绿地定额public green space quota214 公共绿地指标public green space norm215 绿地布局green space layout216 吸引圈attractive circle217 吸引距离attractive distance218 有效半径effective radius219 绿地资源green space resource220 绿地效果green space effect221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space222 空间规划space planning223 形象规划image plan224 实施规划implementary plan225 必要生活空间necessary living space226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space227 利用频度usage frequency228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs229 绿地类型type of green space230 环状绿型annular green space231 块状绿地green plot232 点状绿地green spot233 放射状绿地radiate green space234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space235 缓冲绿地buffer green space236 防音绿地noiseproof green space237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory238 园林保留地reserve garden239 公园规划park planning240 园林总体规划garden master planning241 总平面规划site planning242 园林分区garden zoning243 安静休息区tranquil rest area244 儿童活动区children playing space245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot246 体育运动区sports activities area247 野餐区picnic place248 散步区pedestrian space249 群众集会区mass meeting square250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 252 草坪区lawn space253 绿荫区shade tree section254 历史古迹区historical relics area255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area 256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area257 钓鱼区fishing center258 野营区camp site259 游人中心visitors center260 服务中心service center261 探险游乐场adventure ground262 文化活动区cultural activities area263 道路系统approach system, road system 264 环形道路系统circular road system265 方格形道路系统latticed road system266 放射形道路系统radiate road system267 自然式道路系统informal road system268 规整式道路系统formal road system269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system 270 园林规划图garden planning map271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction 272 城市公园系统urban park system273 公园分布distribution of parks274 公园类型park type, park category275 公园间距distance between parks276 公园形式park styles277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 278 非游览区no-admittance area279 办公区administrative area280 服务区service center281 动休息区dynamic rest space282 静休息区static rest space283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 284 主要入口main entrance285 次要入口secondary entrance286 人流量visitors flowrate287 车流量vehicle flowrate288 公园道路park road289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio290 游人容纳量visitors capacity291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation 292 风景学scenicology293 风景规划landscape plan294 风景设计landscape design295 游览路线touring route296 旅游资源tourism resource297 旅游地理tourism geography298 旅游地质tourism geology299 历史名城famous historical city300 文化名城famous cultural city301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic302 天然博物馆natural open museum303 风景地貌natural geomorphology304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot311 森林风景区forest scenic spot312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot314 江河风景区river landscape district315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot321 自然保护区nature protection area322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research323 天然纪念物natural monument324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area园林设计325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer326 园址测量图garden site survey map327 地形图topographic map, contour map328 种植设计planting design329 地形改造设计topographical reform design330 种植大样图detail planting design331 造价分析cost analysis332 园林形式garden style333 规整式园林formal garden style334 非规整园林informal garden style335 几何式园林geometric garden style336 自然式园林natural garden style337 混合式园林mixed garden style338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden340 园林区划garden area division341 园林分区规划garden block planning342 庭院花园courtyard garden343 前庭front yard, forecourt344 后庭back yard, rear yard345 中庭patio346 厨园kitchen yard347 沉[床]园sunken garden348 窗园window garden349 墙园wall garden350 宅园home garden351 台地园terrace garden352 冬园winter garden353 切花园cut flower garden354 屋顶花园roof garden355 后花园back yard garden356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 360 黄石yellowish brown stone361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making364 叠石stones laying365 板石flag stone366 散点石scattered stone367 抱角石corner stone368 屋基石foundation stone369 排衙石guard stone370 屏石screen stone371 石岸rock bank372 石阶stone steps373 汀步stepping stone on water surface374 附壁石stone appended to wall375 石花台stone flower bed376 石凳stone bench377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall378 干砌石dry stone wall379 假山石楼梯rock stairway380 石亭stone pavilion381 石洞stone cavern382 石窟grotto383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout384 拱石arch stone385 拱顶石key stone386 园林水景water scenes of garden387 水体water body388 水面water surface389 水池pool390 水塘pond391 喷泉fountain392 喷水池fountain pool393 涉水池wading pool394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool395 睡莲池water-lily pool396 喷水管布置piping schema397 钓鱼塘fishing pond398 高水位池塘high water table pond399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 400 隐头喷泉secret fountain401 岛园island garden402 半岛园peninsula garden403 小岛isle404 瀑布waterfall405 小瀑布cascade406 湖lake407 矶rock projecting over water408 水帘洞water curtain cave409 园桥garden bridge410 拱桥arch bridge411 石板桥stone slab bridge412 木板桥plank bridge413 圆木桥log bridge414 亭桥pavilion bridge415 曲桥zigzag bridge416 壁泉wall fountain417 饮水喷头drinking fountain418 植物配植plant arrangement419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 420 群植group planting, mass planting421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 422 丛植clump planting423 组植group planting424 林植forest planting425 列植linear planting426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 427 环植circular planting428 带植belt planting429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 430 边缘种植edge planting431 边界种植boundary planting432 整形种植architectural planting433 基础种植foundation planting434 角隅种植corner planting435 景框种植planting as enframent436 门卫种植guard planting437 篱恒种植fence planting438 障景种植screen planting439 背景种植background planting440 林下种植underwood planting441 路边种植roadside planting442 绿篱hedge443 树墙espalier444 庭荫树shade tree445 园景树specimen tree446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 447 行道树avenue tree, street tree448 纪念林memorial forest449 整型树topiary tree450 花篱flower hedge’451 刺篱thorny plants hedge452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge454 高篱high hedge455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge 460 边篱boundary fence461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge462 纯林pure forest463 混交林mixed forest464 林间隙地open space in woodland465 杂木林spinney466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy467 草坪lawn468 整形草坪formal lawn469 开花草坪flowering lawn470 牧场草坪meadowy land471 花坛flower bed472 路边花坛roadside flower bed473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed474 时钟花坛flower clock475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed476 高设花台raised flower bed477 毛毡花坛carpet bed478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed479 铺石花坛paved bed480 灌木花坛shrub bed481 图案花坛群parterre482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed483 花结花坛knot bed484 整形花坛formal flower bed485 花境flower border486 花桶flower tub487 植树箱planting box488 活动花坛movable flower bed489 瓶饰garden vase490 灌木花境shrub border491 混合花境mixed border492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 493 漫步路trail, footway494 小径alley, path495 川草坪岛lawn island496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island497 转弯曲度turning curvature498 转弯半径turning radius499 踏面landing pitch500 步石stepping stone501 涉水踏步wading step502 错铺路crazy paving path503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 504 花纹路pattern path505 林荫路mall506 林荫大道boulevard507 花园路parkway508 林间小道path in woodland509 种植池planting bed510 树池保护格栅tree grate511 树干保护套栏tree guard512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting513 路面线纹score line514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building515 凉亭summer shelter516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion518 茅亭thatched pavilion519 竹亭bamboo pavilion520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk521 回廊cloister522 水廊corridor on water523 曲廊zigzag veranda524 扒山廊sloping gallery525 楼廊two-storied gallery526 画舫painted pleasure boat527 石舫stone boat528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab530 月洞门moon gate531 扶手栏杆handrail532 坐凳栏杆seat rail533 石碑stone tablet, stele534 园林露天剧场open garden theater535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand537 眺望台prospect deck538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse539 展览温室public conservatory540 月池new-moon pool541 园林小品small garden ornaments542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet543 园椅garden chair, garden seat544 园凳garden bench545 园桌garden table546 园灯garden lamp547 日规sundial548 鸟浴bird bath549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop551 悬篮hanging basket552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder553 额匾horizontal inscribed board554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar 555 引露天烤炉open barbecue556 树棚living-tree pergola557 花架pergola558 花格架trellis, treillage559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction561 种植工程planting engineering562 大树移植big tree transplanting563 裸根移植bare root transplanting564 土球移植ball transplanting565 沟植trench planting566 假植heeling in, temporary planting567 播种草坪seeding lawn568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn569 假山工程rockery engineering570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub577 观叶植物foliage plant578 观果植物fruit-effect plant579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches580 指示植物indicating plant581 主景植物accent plant582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant585 市花city flower586 市树city tree587 国花national flower588 国树national tree589 芳香植物fragrant plant590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant591 环保植物environment protecting plant592 高山植物alpine plant593 岩生植物rock plant594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber595 地被植物ground cover plant596 阴生植物shade plant597 装饰植物decorative plant598 装缘植物edging plant599 绿蓠植物hedge plant600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass601 花坛植物bedding plant602 球根植物bulbous plant603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte605 旱生植物xerophyte606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant 608 切花cut flower609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant614 松柏植物conifer615 常绿植物evergreen plant616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant617 不耐寒植物tender plant618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant619 耐寒植物hardy plant620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant621 山石材料stone material622 昆山石Kunshan stone623 钟乳石stalactite624 灵壁石Lingbi stone625 英德石Yingde stone626 青石Qing stone627 宣石Xuan stone628 房山石Fangshan stone629 观赏动物ornamental animal630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird631 观赏兽类ornamental beast632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机具设备633 园林机械garden machine634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement635 园林设备garden equipment636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider637 种植容器planting container638 圆木桩log peg639 喷射装置jet bubbler640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler643 自控器automatic controller644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material654 麻布袋burlap bag655 铁丝篮wire basket656 篮状种植器basket container657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican658 播种盘seed tray659 网孔盆mesh pot660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot661 盆栽机potting machine662 换盆机repotting machine663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 666 松土除草机cultivator667 旋转锄rotary hoe668 切叶机foliage cutter669 翻地犁uncovering plough670 盖土机mounted spreader671 前悬装土机front mounted loader672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower674 栽植机planting machine675 植物覆盖plant mulching676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder678 修枝剪pruning shear679 播种器garden seeder680 球根种植器bulb planter681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer683 嫁接刀grafting knife684 温室设备greenhouse equipment685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator690 温度报警钟temperature alarm691 游览车park sightseeing bus692 引剪草机lawn mower693 动力剪草机power lawnmower694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower696 游人调查visitors investigation697 游人统计visitors statistics698 游人分析garden visitors analysis699 游人管理visitors management700 导游图tourist map701 导游解说tour descri ption and direction702 劳动管理labour management703 物资管理material handling, goods handling704 设备管理equipment management, facility management705 财务管理financial management706 安全管理safety management707 环境监测environmental monitor708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management709 园林技术管理garden technical management710 质量管理quality management711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control714 园林管理规划management plan715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions716 游人规则visitors regulation717 园内交通管理traffic control in park718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance719 汽车停车规则parking rules720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules721 开放时间opening time722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 723 人类生态环境human ecological environment724 自然系统natural system725 自然资源natural resource726 自然保护conservation of nature727 自然保存natural preservation728 环境保护environmental protection729 环境容量environment capacity730 环境适宜性environment fitness731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality732 共生symbiosis733 互惠共生mutualism734 公害public nuisance735 生态绝灭ecological extinction736 生态系统ecosystem737 生态圈ecosphere738 生态灾难ecological disaster739 环境质量environmental quality740 环境压力environment stress741 生命维持系统life-support system742 反馈系统feedback system743 自养生物autotroph744 异养生物heterotroph745 食物链foodchain746 生物圈biosphere747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant 748 主体群落major community749 人工群落artificial community750 绿色革命green revolution751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system 753 近代环境系统modern environment system 754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution756 雾害fog pollution757 霜害frost injury758 水污染water pollution759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination 760 园林小气候garden microclimate761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 762 引气候调节climatic regulation763 自动调节机能homeostasis764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem767 滞尘植物dust holding plant。
CET-6_翻译(中国园林)
Thanks!
• 中国园林 (the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年 演变而成的独具一格的园林景观 (landscape) 。
• 中国园林 (the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年 演变而成的独具一格的园林景观 (landscape) 。 • The Chinese garden has evolved into a kind of unique landscape over the past 3,000 years.
• 漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的 景观犹如山水画卷 (scroll)一般展现在面前。
• 漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的 景观犹如山水画卷 (scroll)一般展现在面前。
• 漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的 景观犹如山水画卷 (scroll)一般展现在面前。 • people may see a series of well-designed landscapes.
• 典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山
(rockworks )、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒
的小路和走廊连接的建筑。
• There are walls , ponds , rockworks, trees,
flowers, winding trails and corridors.
• 典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山 (rockworks )、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒 的小路和走廊连接的建筑。 • A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockworks, trees, and flowers scattered in it.
略论Landscape一词释义与翻译
1999年2月 W o rld Fo restry R esearch Feb.1999问题探讨略论Landscape一词释义与翻译α黄清平 王晓俊 (福建三明市园林管理处,三明市365000) (南京林业大学风景园林系,南京210037)摘要 英文L andscape是园林专业中重要的、同时又是多义的词汇,国内对与之相关的一些术语的理解和翻译上存在一些分歧。
论述了该词的词源、词义的演变和拓展以及涉及的概念,并对L andscape在园林中的译法以及几个重要专业术语的翻译做了初步的探讨。
关键词 Landscape 词义 术语 翻译英文L andscape是园林专业中一个基本的词汇,与之相关的一些词,例如L andscape A rch itecture、L andscape P lanning和L andscape D esign等均为本专业重要的专业术语。
国内对这些词汇,尤其是学科名词L andscape A rch itecture的理解与翻译存在一些分歧,其中部分原因就与对landscape一词的认识与翻译有关。
从大多数英汉词典中查到的landscape词条译义基本上是“风景”或“景色”,偶尔也有“地形”、“景观”等词义;专业词典的释义大部分与地理的景观概念或风景画有关。
为了更好地理解园林专业中这一重要而又基本的英文词汇,本文将对该词的产生、变化与翻译以及相关专业术语的译法等几方面内容做些初步的探讨。
1 L andscap e的词源与词形变化古英语中的L andsci pe、L andsk i pe和L andscaef等表示地域或乡间,后来逐渐被废弃了,其古日尔曼语系的同源词(古高地德语L antscaf、古挪威语L andskap r以及中古荷兰语L andscap等)表示的含义也相近。
瑞典语中的L andskap是历史上行政区划分的单位(省),至今仍使用[14];现代德语L andschaft仍常被用来表示地区或区域,有时也表示较小的行政区划单位[2]。
常用景观英语用词(大汇总)
景观园林英语------常用短语汇总篇第一部分常用的景观英文(参考)1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) ---------- main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) ----------2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )3.商业中心入口---------- entrance to shopping ctr.4.水景---------- water feature5.小型露天剧场---------- mini amphi-theatre6.迎宾景观-1---------- welcoming feature-17.观景木台---------- timber deck (viewing)8.竹园---------- bamboo garden9.漫步广场---------- walkway plaza10.露天咖啡廊---------- out door cafe11.巨大迎宾水景-2 ---------- grand welcoming feature-212.木桥---------- timber bridge13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台---------- rock'scape waterfall's grotto/ viewing terrace14.吊桥---------- hanging bridge15.休憩台地(低处) ---------- lounging terrace (lower )16.休憩台地(高处) ---------- lounging terrace (upper )17.特色踏步---------- feature stepping stone18.野趣小溪---------- river wild19.儿童乐园----------children's playground20.旱冰道---------- slide21.羽毛球场---------- badminton court22.旱景---------- dry landscape23.日艺园---------- Japanese garden24.旱喷泉---------- dry fountain25.观景台---------- viewing deck26.游泳池---------- swimming pool27.极可意---------- jacuzzi28.嬉水池---------- wading pool29.儿童泳池---------- children's pool30.蜿蜒水墙---------- winding wall31.石景雕塑---------- ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场----------CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场---------- EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥---------- BRIDGE35.交流广场---------- MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵---------- TREE BATTLE FORMATION37.停车场----------PARING AREA38.特色花架---------- TRELLIS39.雕塑小道---------- sculpture trail40.(高尔夫)轻击区---------- putting green41.高尔夫球会所---------- golf clubhouse42.每栋建筑入口---------- entrance paving to unit43.篮球场---------- basketball court44.网球场---------- tennis court45.阶梯坐台/种植槽---------- terracing seat-wall/planter46.广场----------main plaza47.森林、瀑布---------- forest garden waterfall48.石景园---------- rockery garden49.旱溪---------- dry stream50.凉亭---------- pavilion51.户外淋浴---------- outdoor shower52.拉膜结构---------- tensile structure53.台阶----------stair54.高尔夫球车停车场---------- parking ( golf car )55.健身站----------exercise station56.晨跑小路---------- jogging footpath57.车道/人行道----------driveway /sidewalk58.人行漫步道---------- promenade59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) ---------- water fall and dancing fountain ( entry plaza )60.特色入口----------entry feature61.石景广场----------rockery plaza第二部分常用的景观英文(参考)1/25：landscape plan——景观平面图（1）grand entrance plaza——入口广场（2）main pedestrian gate——步行主入口大门（3）arrival plaza （el.±0.00）——中心广场（高度±0.00）（4）west entrance—glass bridge——西侧入口—玻璃小桥（5）rock mountain with waterfall——石山瀑布（highest point elev.+8.00）——最高点高度+8.00（6）main viewing deck（el.+3.00）——主观景台（7）waterfall bridge（el.+3.00）——瀑布小桥（8）spa.（deck elev.+2.00）——温泉（恒温水池）（平台高度+2.00）（9）children’s’ pool——儿童泳池（10）main swimming pool——主泳池（11）waterfall——瀑布（12）pool deck （el.－0.50）——泳池平台（13）arch bridge——拱桥（14）stone steps to changing room——石墩（石桥）至更衣室（15）running stream——小溪（16）forest mountain（highest point elev.+3.50）——绿树山丘（最高点高度+3.50）（17）forest hill——绿树山坡(highest point elev. ＋2.00)——最高点高度＋2.00（18）amphitheater（el.－0.50）——圆形剧院（19）children’s playground（el.±0.00）——儿童游乐场（20）north entrance（el.±0.00）——北侧入口（21）secondary viewing deck（el. .+2.00）——次观景台（22）viewing pavilion（el. .+2.00）——观景凉亭（23）east entrance（el.±0.00）——东侧入口（24）activity plaza——休闲活动广场（25）block entrance with lighting marker——带灯光标识器的单元入口（26）badminton court——羽毛球场（27）multi-purpose sport’s court——多功能运动场（28）sitting area（open）——休憩区（露天）（29）garden play maze for kids——儿童迷宫（30）chip-putt golf green——高尔夫练习场（推球练习）（31）bird watching area——观鸟区（32）foot reflexology with open sitting areas——足步按摩休息区（33）exercise station——健身区（34）jogging track——慢跑道（35）resting area——休憩区（36）unit private enclosed garden——私家花园（37）void for light-ventilation——采光及通风空间（landscaped garden below）——下为景观花园（38）skylight to basement carpark——地下停车场天窗（39）secondary pedestrian entrance——次步行入口（40）commercial shops plaza——临时停车场（41）ramp down to basement carpark——坡道向下至地下车库（42）colonnade——柱廊（43）water feature-wall signage——水池及小区标牌（44）fish pond——鱼池（45）kid’s play stream——儿童戏水小溪（46）south entrance（el.±0.00）——南侧入口（47）island mound（el.+1.50）——小岛（用土堆起的）（48）earth mound——山坡（用土堆起的）2/25：basement carpark plan——地下停车场平面图legend——图例（1）entrance/exit ramp——入口/出口坡道（2）car arrival drop-off area——车道（3）water feature——水池（4）landscape garden——景观花园（void above for light-ventilation）——上部空间供采光及通风使用（5）lift lobby——电梯间（6）motor bike parking——摩托车停车位3/25：3rd storey landscape plan——三楼景观平面图legend：——图例（1）lift lobby-access to garden——电梯间-通往花园（2）activity void deck——休闲平台（3）secondary open sitting area——次露天休憩区（4）kid’s play court——儿童游乐区（5）main open sitting area——主露天休憩区（6）unit private enclosed garden——私家花园4/25：longitudinal section · a-a——a-a剖面图road——道路grand entrance plaza——入口广场main entrance walkway——主入口人行道basement carpark——地下停车场arrival plaza——中心广场west entrance——西侧入口fish pond——鱼池rock mountain——石山waterfall——瀑布main viewing deck——主观景台changing room——更衣室waterfall——瀑布main swimming pool——主游泳池pool deck——泳池平台running stream——小溪forest mountain——绿树山丘amphitheatre——圆形剧场viewing deck——观景台viewing pavilion——观景凉亭east entrance——东侧入口kid’s garden play maze——儿童迷宫bird watching area——观鸟区landscape garden——景观花园exercise station——健身区5/25：cross section b·b——b·b剖面图road——道路comm’l. plaza——临时停车场basement carpark——地下停车位void landscape garden——景观花园block entry——单元入口basement carpark——地下停车位foot path——人行通道running stream——小溪main viewing deck——主观景台waterfall——瀑布main swimming pool——主游泳池rock mountain ——石山waterfall——瀑布bridge——小桥spa——温泉（恒温水池）running stream——小溪block entry——单元入口basement carpark——地下停车位void landscape garden——景观花园lift lobby——电梯间shops——商店basement carpark——地下停车位comm’l. plaza——临时停车场main road——小区大道roof garden——顶层花园3rd storey landscape——三层景观6/25：（1）grand entrance plaza ——主入口广场（42）colonnade ——柱廊（43）water feature · wall signage水池·小区标牌7/25：（3）arrival plaza——中心广场（4）west entrance·glass bridge——西侧入口·玻璃小桥（44）fish pond——鱼池8/25：（6）main viewing deck——主观景台9/25：（10）main swimming pool——主游泳池（11）waterfall——瀑布（12）pool deck——泳池平台10/25：（18）amphitheatre——圆形剧场11/25：（22）viewing pavilion——观景凉亭（23）east entrance——东侧入口12/25：（25）block entrance w/lighting marker——带灯光标识的单元入口13/25：（30）chip 8c putt golf green——高尔夫绿地（31）bird watching area——观鸟区（32）foot reflexology——足部按摩区14/25：（34）jogging track——慢跑道（35）resting area——休憩区（36）private enclosed garden——私家花园15/25：（2）car arrival drop-off——车道（3）water feature——水池（4）landscaped garden——景观花园16/25：（4）landscaped garden at basement carpark （apt.）——地下停车场景观花园17/25：（1）lift lobby at 3rd storey landscaped garden——三楼电梯间景观花园18/25：ground storey clubhouse plan——一层会所平面图reception——接待处lounge——休息区guard-control room——警卫及控制室entry porch——入口门廊main pedestrian gate——主步行入口management office——管理处办公室grand entrance plaza——入口大广场19/25：2nd storey clubhouse plan——二楼会所平面图part of commercial shops——临时停车场locker rm.——衣帽柜室gym——健身房male/female——男洗手间/女洗手间hall way——走道mah-jong——麻将室card——纸牌室board games——棋类室TV/ karaoke——电视/卡拉ok室balcony——阳台reading room——阅览室storeroom.——储藏室void——空间snooker——斯诺克（台球）billiard——桌球table tennis——乒乓球室part of apartment unit——楼体部份office——办公室manager——经理室store——储藏室20/25：clubhouse——会所side elevation——侧立面front elevation——正立面21/25：fence 8c gate detail——围墙·大门细节site key plan——重点部分平面图solid concrete fence wall——实心混凝土围墙secondary entrance——次入口main entrance——主入口steel fence wall——铁栏杆围墙22/25：Fence ·gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）front elevation（main entrance）——正立面（主入口）section·a——a部分outside/inside——外部/内部section·b——b部分detail plan——详细部份平面图isometric detail——详细刻度sliding steel door——滑动钢制门selected lighting fixtures——精选灯具插口decorative cover（to details）——装饰外罩（看详细解释）sliding metal steel door——滑动金属钢制门（to manufacture details）——（看详细制造解释）23/25：fence 8c gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）front elevation（secondary entrance）——正立面（次入口）side walk——人行道24/25：fence 8c gate detail（scale）——围墙·大门细节（比例）section·a——a部分section·b——b部分section·c——c部分detail plan——详细部分平面图25/25：changing room——更衣室locker area——衣帽柜female changing room——女更衣室（洗手间）entry hall——入口门厅foyer——休息室male changing room——男更衣室（洗手间）pump-filter room——水泵·过滤房main viewing deck——主观景台part of swimming pool——泳池部分waterfall——瀑布第三部分中国古典园林------classical Chinese garden中国传统园林-------traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林-------ancient Chinese garden中国山水园----------Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑--------- imperial palace garden皇家园林----------royal garden私家园林-----------private garden江南园林--------------garden on the Yangtze delta西方古典园林---------------western classical garden英国式园林-------------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------------angle Chinese style garden意大利式园林------------------ Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------------Spanish style garden法兰西式园林------------------French style garden勒诺特尔式园林---------------le notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园--------------------renaissance style garden洛可可式园林-----------------------rococo style garden巴洛克式园林---------------------baroque style garden庄园--------------------------manor,villa garden廊柱园-----------------------peristyle garden,patio绿廊----------------------------xystus迷阵-----------------------------maze,labyrinth灵囿-------------------------- ling you hunting garden 周代术语灵沼---------------ling zhao water garden 周代术语灵台---------------ling tai platform garden 周代术语阿房宫-------------e-pang palace 秦代术语上林苑---------------shang-lin yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------------wei-yang palace 汉代术语洛阳宫----------------luoyang palace 魏代术语华清宫----------------hua-qing palace 唐代术语艮岳-------------------gen yue imperial garden 宋代术语圆明园----------------yuan-ming yuan imperial garden颐和园-------------------yi-he yuan imperial garden承德避暑山庄---------------chengde imperial summer resort苏州园林----------------------suzhou traditional garden悬园----------- hanging garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
常用的景观英文参考
1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行)MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行)2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观-1WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景-2GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WA TERFALL'SGROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE15.休憩台地(低处)LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地(高处)LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND20.旱冰道SLIDE21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台VIEWING DECK26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL27.极可意JACUZZI28.嬉水池WADING POOL29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING W ALL31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥BRIDGE35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMA TION37.停车场PARING AREA38.特色花架TRELLIS39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PA VING TO UNIT43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场TENNIS COURT45.阶梯***/种植槽TERRACING SEATW ALL/PLANTER 46.广场MAIN PLAZA47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN W ATERFALL 48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN49.旱溪DRY STREAM50.凉亭PA VILION51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶STAIR54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站EXERCISE STA TION56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPA TH57.车道/人行道DRIVEW AY /SIDEW ALK58.人行漫步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场)WATER FALL AND DANCINGFOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA中国古典园林------classical Chinese garden中国传统园林-------traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林-------ancient Chinese garden中国山水园----------Chinese mountain and watergarden帝王宫苑--------- imperial palace garden皇家园林----------royal garden私家园林-----------private garden江南园林--------------garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林---------------western classical garden英国式园林-------------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------------Anglo-Chinese stylegarden意大利式园林------------------ Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------------Spainish style garden法兰西式园林------------------French style garden勒诺特尔式园林---------------Le Notre's stylegarden文艺复兴庄园--------------------Renaissance stylegarden洛可可式园林-----------------------Rococo stylegarden巴洛克式园林---------------------Baroque stylegarden庄园--------------------------manor,villa garden廊柱园-----------------------peristyle garden,patio绿廊----------------------------xystus迷阵-----------------------------maze,labyrinth灵囿-------------------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼---------------Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台---------------Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫-------------E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------------Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------------Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫----------------Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫----------------Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳-------------------Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园----------------Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园-------------------Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄---------------Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林----------------------Suzhou traditional garden悬园----------- Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
国外园林类型(types of gardens)
Types of Gardens 花园类型目录1、Organic Garden 果蔬园（有机花园） (3)2、Landscape Garden 园林景观园 (4)3、Labyrinth Garden 迷宫花园 (5)4、Sustainable garden 宿根花卉园 (7)5、Sustainable Landscape Garden 可持续发展的风景园林园 (8)6、Sacred Grove Garden 神圣的树丛花园（宗教园） (10)7、Zoological garden 动物园 (12)8、Rose Garden 玫瑰园 (13)9、Native Plant Garden 乡土树种园 (14)10、Hedge Maze Garden 绿篱园（树篱迷宫） (16)11、Topiary Garden 造型园 (17)12、Communal Garden 社区花园（公共花园） (19)13、Spanish Garden 西班牙花园 (20)14 Shade Gardens 林下花园 (21)15 Sculpture garden 雕塑园 (23)16 Zen Garden 佛教庭园（禅宗花园） (24)17 Woodland Garden 树木园 (26)18 Roof Garden 屋顶花园 (27)19 Vegetable Garden 蔬菜园 (28)20 Rock Garden 岩石园 (29)21 Knot Garden 结花园 (30)22 Italian Garden 意大利花园 (31)23 Butterfly Garden 蝴蝶园 (32)24 Xeriscape Garden 节水花园 (33)25 Wildlife Garden 野生动物园 (34)26 Water Garden 水上花园（水生园） (35)27 Roman Garden 罗马花园 (36)28 Persian Garden 波斯花园 (37)29 Italian Renaissance Garden 意大利文艺复兴时期花园 (38)30 Kitchen Garden 厨房花园 (40)31 Botanical Garden 植物园 (40)32 Beer Garden 啤酒花园 (42)33 Desert Garden 沙漠花园 (43)34 Chinese Garden 中国园 (43)35 Indoor Garden 室内花园 (45)36 Firescape Garden 火山花园 (46)37 Community Garden 社区花园 (46)38 Biblical Garden圣经花园 (47)39 Arboretum Garden 植物标本园 (48)40 Cottage Garden 别墅花园（村舍花园） (49)41 White Garden 白色花园 (50)42 Hanging Garden 垂直花园（空中花园） (52)43 Companion Plant Garden 互惠植物花园 (53)44 English Garden 英国花园 (54)45 Heirloom Garden 传家宝花园（自花授粉的植物花园） (55)46 French Renaissance Garden 法国文艺复兴时期花园 (56)47 Alpine Garden 高山花园 (57)48 French Landscape Garden 法国园 (58)49 Flower Garden 花卉公园 (58)1、Organic Garden 果蔬园（有机花园）1.1 简介果蔬园是一种农业类的花园或农场，通过轮作，绿肥，堆肥，生物防治等技术方法来保持园内的土壤肥力及达到虫害控制的目的。
从造园术、造园艺术、风景造园到风景园林、地球表层规划
风景园林(Landscape Architecture)：从造园术、造园艺术、风景造园到风景园林、地球表层规划作者：孙筱祥发表：《中国园林》2002(04):7-13摘要：在现代，由于高度工业化，现代化和人口迅猛增长，世界各国，都面临一个十分严峻的问题：那就是城市爆炸，自然环境和自然与人工环境生态系统的破坏。
为了全人类的长远健康、幸福和欢乐，人类必须与他赖以生存的环境和谐相处，和明智地利用自然资源。
人类社会的未来，由于人口迅猛增长和对自然资源需求不断增长的严重威胁，在此严峻局面下，仍然要保持生存环境不受破坏，自然资源不致浪费。
那就需要有一种与自然系统，自然演变进程和人类社会发展密切联系的特殊的新知识，新技术和新经验。
这种新的专业，我们现在已经在实际工作中找到了，它就是LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ( L. A.)。
这个专业在18世纪以前，是从欧洲13世纪的造园术发展而来的。
到了19世纪，这种新的专业(L.A)的名称，是由美国Landscape Architects 之父，F. L. Olmsted (奥尔姆斯特德)在1858年提出来的，专业的核心应是“城市环境的绿色生物系统工程”和“园林艺术”。
当今，(21世纪)这个专业的领域，已经扩大到地球表层规划的范畴。
中国(包括政府、学会、行业、大学的专业设置)，早在20世纪80年代，已经把Landscape architecture这一专业名称译成：“风景园林”或“风景园林规划设计”。
关键字：地球表层规划；风景园林；城市园林绿地系统；风景造园；造园艺术Landscape Architecture from Garden Craft、Garden Art、Landscape Gardening: to Landscape Architecture、Earthscape PlanningSUN Xiao-XiangAbstract: In modern times, due to high industrialization, modernization, and massive population growth, much of the world, are faced with critical problems as rapid urban expansion and the destruction of the natural environment. The ecosystems of natural and built environments are imperiled.As the continued health, welfare and enjoyment of the populations of all nations depend upon their living in harmony with their environment, and their wise use of its resources, And as the future success in the meeting those increasing social demands without deterioration of the environment and waste of its resources, will require special knowledge, skill, and experience relating to natural systems, physical processes and human relationship normally found in the practice of the profession of Landscape Architecture.And the profession of Landscape architecture was originated from the profession Garden craft in the middle 13th century in Italy. As to the New term:"Landscape Architecture"was first given by the Father of American Landscape Architects F.L.Olmsted in 1858。
颐和园的景点英语简介作文
颐和园的景点英语简介作文The Summer Palace, located in Beijing, is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. It is renowned for its classical architecture, exquisite scenery, and profound cultural significance. Let's delve into the various attractions within this splendid complex.1. Kunming Lake (昆明湖):Kunming Lake, covering about three-quarters of the total area of the Summer Palace, is a serene and picturesque artificial lake. It was ingeniously designed to resemble the famous West Lake in Hangzhou. Visitors can take leisurely boat rides on the lake, enjoying the surrounding lush greenery and elegant bridges, such as the Seventeen-Arch Bridge.2. Longevity Hill (万寿山):Longevity Hill stands majestically on the northernshore of Kunming Lake, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the entire Summer Palace. At its summit, one finds the iconic Tower of Buddhist Incense (佛香阁), a striking three-story pavilion. Climbing up the hill, visitors encounter numerous temples, pavilions, and halls, each boasting intricate architectural details and historical significance.3. The Hall of Benevolence and Longevity (仁寿殿):Situated at the foot of Longevity Hill, the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity served as the primary residence of Empress Dowager Cixi during the late Qing Dynasty. This grandiose structure features traditional Chinese architectural elements, including elaborately painted ceilings, ornate wood carvings, and magnificent throne rooms.4. The Marble Boat (石舫):Nestled along the northern shore of Kunming Lake, the Marble Boat is a unique architectural marvel. Builtduring the reign of Emperor Qianlong, this boat-shaped pavilion is constructed entirely of marble and adorned with colorful decorative elements. Despite its solid appearance, the Marble Boat is purely decorative and does not float.5. The Garden of Virtue and Harmony (德和园):Located on the eastern side of the Summer Palace,the Garden of Virtue and Harmony is a tranquil retreat characterized by its exquisite landscaping and classical Chinese architecture. Highlights of this area include the Hall of Jade Ripples (玉澜堂), the Theatre Tower (戏楼),and the Studio of Exhaustion from Diligent Service (劳山堂).6. The Suzhou Street (苏州街):Inspired by the famous water towns of Jiangnan, Suzhou Street is a charming recreation of a traditional Chinese market street. Lined with shops, restaurants, and teahouses, this pedestrian-friendly area offers visitors a glimpse into daily life during the Qing Dynasty. The architecture here is reminiscent of ancient Suzhou, withwhitewashed buildings and intricately carved wooden facades.7. The Hall of Happiness and Longevity (乐寿堂):Situated on the western shore of Kunming Lake, the Hall of Happiness and Longevity is a splendid example of Qing Dynasty architecture. Originally built as a banquet hall, it was later converted into a Buddhist temple. Today, it houses a collection of Buddhist scriptures and artifacts, attracting both religious pilgrims and curious tourists alike.8. The Wenchang Tower (文昌阁):Perched atop the highest peak of Longevity Hill, the Wenchang Tower offers commanding views of the surrounding landscape. Dedicated to the god of literature, Wenchang,this tower is a popular spot for visitors seeking academic success or artistic inspiration. Its intricate design and serene ambiance make it a must-visit destination within the Summer Palace complex.In conclusion, the Summer Palace is a true gem of Chinese culture and history, offering visitors a harmonious blend of natural beauty and architectural splendor. From tranquil lakes and verdant gardens to majestic palaces and pavilions, each corner of this magnificent complex tells a story of imperial grandeur and artistic brilliance.。
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中国古典园林的构造，主要是在自然山水基础上，铺以人工的宫，廊、楼、阁等建筑，以人工手段效仿自然，其中透视着不同历史时期的人文思想，特别是诗、词、绘画的思想境界。
The structure of the Chinese classical garden, mainly in the natural landscape basis, spread to artificially house gallery, floor, cabinet etc architecture, with artificial means follow which reflect the different historical period of the humanistic thoughts, especially of the painting, poetry, ideology.中国古典园林对自然的态度是高度概括。
中国的园林艺术从一开始就是视自然为师、为友。
Chinese classical garden for natural attitude is highly generalization. The Chinese garden art from the beginning is depending on the nature of for the teacher, friend.自然的高山流水，郁木繁花，明晖的变化，空间的开合，无不成为中国古典园林的描摹对象。
Natural high mountain running water, YuMu blossom, MingHui changes, the open space, without exception, become the Chinese classical garden depict objects.中国古代的造园家们善于从自然抽象出本质性的东西，然后用石头、植物、水体等加以表现。
Ancient Chinese gardening experts from natural abstraction out at the essential thing, then use stone, plants, water to performance.西方园林认为自然需要经过加工才会“赏心悦目”对自然要进行提炼修饰，才能使风景更为新颖。
The west garden think natural need after processing will "pleasing to the eye" to nature to refine decorate, can the scenery more innovative.中国园林是一种内向的自然。
英国园林是一种外向的自然The Chinese garden is a kind of introverted nature. British garden is a kind of outgoing nature中国古典园林显的幽深、隐逸，营造的是曲径通幽的氛围，一草一木，一山一石都表现出人内在的情绪，是一种内在美。
Chinese classical garden show deep, the hermit, build is a secluded spot atmosphere, idealds, hill a stone show people the inner emotions, it is a kind of inner beauty.英国自然风景式园林所具有的开放性和公共性使它表现的自然更开朗，是一种外向的美。
British natural scenery in garden is open and the public to make it the natural performance more open, it is a kind of outgoing beauty.The study of oriental garden design teaches us that china gardens should be seen as miniature landscapes,small scale replicas that have been downsized to easily survey-able dimensions.the focus on meaning and symbolism in oriental garden art can easily lead to the idea that East Asian gardens are unique in this respect.The landscape garden was a product of the Romantic Movement,its form was based on direct observation of nature and the principles of painting .surprise variety concealment and the development of idyllic prospects became the goals of the art of landscape.English for urban planningA tram networkinfrastructure projectsThe planning process of a new townEdge citiesThe landscape gardenToronto Washington Rotterdam通过对专业英语的学习，我了解了很多专业方面的知识如：A tram network 、The planning process of a new town 、Edge cities、The landscape garden 等，同时也了解了一些城市（Toronto Washington Rotterdam）文化底蕴，地域特色等知识。
其中我最感兴趣的是第十单元的学习，它讲述的是英国园林。
The landscape garden was a product of the Romantic Movement,its form was based on direct observation of nature and the principles of painting .surprise variety concealment and the development of idyllic prospects became the goals of the art of landscape.我想到了著名的中国古典园林。
中国古典园林的构造，主要是在自然山水基础上，铺以人工的宫，廊、楼、阁等建筑，以人工手段效仿自然，其中透视着不同历史时期的人文思想，特别是诗、词、绘画的思想境界。
The structure of the Chinese classical garden, mainly in the natural landscape basis, spread to artificially house gallery, floor, cabinet etc architecture, with artificial means follow nature, which reflect the different historical period of the humanistic thoughts, especially of the painting, poetry, ideology.我比较了西方的自然园林和中国的古典园林从本质上中国园林是一种内向的自然。
英国园林是一种外向的自然The Chinese garden is a kind of introverted nature. British garden is a kind of outgoing nature中国古典园林显的幽深、隐逸，营造的是曲径通幽的氛围，一草一木，一山一石都表现出人内在的情绪，是一种内在美。
Chinese classical garden show deep, the hermit, build is a secluded spot atmosphere, hill a stone show people the inner emotions, it is a kind of inner beauty.英国自然风景式园林所具有的开放性和公共性使它表现的自然更开朗，是一种外向的美。
British natural scenery in garden is open and the public to make it the natural performance more open, it is a kind of outgoing beauty.从对自然的态度上中国古典园林对自然的态度是高度概括。
中国的园林艺术从一开始就是视自然为师、为友。
Chinese classical garden for natural attitude is highly generalization. The Chinese garden art from the beginning is depending on the nature of for the teacher, friend.Chinese classical garden should be seen as miniature landscapes,small scale replicas that have been downsized to easily survey-able dimensions.the focus on meaning and symbolism in oriental garden art西方园林认为自然需要经过加工才会“赏心悦目”对自然要进行提炼修饰，才能使风景更为新颖。
The west garden think natural need after processing will "pleasing to the eye" to nature to refine decorate, can the scenery more innovative.两种园林各具特色。