3.GRE Arguement作文

• In the second place, the arguer assumes that [fallacy 2]. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that it is necessarily the case, and the arguer does not supply any evidence to confirm this assumption. It is quite possible that [reason 2]. To illustrate this point clearly, let us take a look at the following representative example. [example 2]. Without accounting for and ruling out these and other alternative explanations,the arguer cannot bolster the recommen• e.g. 一个村庄只有一条公路，交通很堵，当地政 府想再修一条公路，解决交通的拥堵问题。要求 我们就此来驳斥政府的观点 • 1.考虑政府决定前是否做出过调查，调查的方式 是否合理 • 2.修路是要从哪修到哪里，是不是人们大多数都 会走的，能否有效解决交通问题 • 3.从其他角度来考量，看有没其他原因制约了这 个问题。
第一种 开头
• In this argument, the arguer advocates that [main idea]. Although this argument might seem reasonable at first glance, it is in fact ill-conceived. The reasons are stated as follows.
结尾
• To sum up, the arguer’s argument mentioned above is not based on valid evidence or sound reasoning, neither of which is dispensable for a conclusive argument. In order to draw a better conclusion, the arguer should reason more convincingly, cite some evidence that is more persuasive, and take every possible consideration into account.
• To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility cause the evidence cited in the analysis does not lead strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make it more convincing, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning/ rule out other possible causes of _______________.
• The last but not the least important, even if the evidence turns out to support the foregoing assumptions, the arguer just simply assumes that [fallacy 2]and neither any conclusive scientific evidence nor any anecdotal evidence is provided to affirm this assumption. It is reasonable to doubt that what the arguer assumes will not happen in reality. It is just as possible that [reason 3]. For example, [example 3].To reach the cited conclusion, the arguer must explain either why none of these alternatives is available or why none of them is able to sustain.
• In the second place,the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between a and b. In any event, a provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on b.It is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to B. For example, _________. In addition, The argument ignores the factors—such as initiative, creativity, technical skills, and business judgment—that may be more important than the choice of medium in determining success in photograph. Any adverse change in those factors will have negative impact on the company’s profitability.
• In the third place, The author commits a fallacy of “false analogy”. The argument depends on a misleading comparison between A and B. However, these two business/industries/fields are too dissimilar for a meaningful comparison.it is assumed without justification that background conditions have remained the same at different area,however, this is not necessarily the case.The chance that ___________is good. The argument simply equates a with b, which is unwarranted. The mere fact that ___________is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that __________.Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out several other flaws that undermines the argument. To begin with, .Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.A second problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague to be informative. Any decision aimed at addressing the problem of falling circulation must be based on more thorough investigation to gather sufficient data in order to narrow down and locate the actual causes of the problem.
第二种
• 开In t头his argument, The arguer attempts to convince us
that _______________.To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer points out that __________. In addition, the arguer assumes that / reasons that / cites the example of / cites the result of a recent study that _______________. A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless it is.
• In the first place, the assumption that _______________ is open to doubt in that the survey on which this argument is based lacks representativeness. From the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedures for random sampling, and have good reason to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general attitudes of all workers as a whole.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable regardless of the number of cking more specific information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to evaluate the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.
主体
• In the first place, the arguer assumes that [fallacy 1]. Although this is entirely possible, the arguer offers no evidence to substantiate this crucial assumption. It is very likely that [reason 1]. An appropriate example is not very far to seek. [example 1]. The arguer's reasoning is definitely flawed unless the arguer can convince me that these and other possible scenarios are unlikely.