独立主格练习题及答案

独立主格练习题及答案
1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. them
2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. because
B. as
C. With
D. Since
3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. which
4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about00,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over00 years old.
A. which
B. that
C. them
D. it
5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.
A. was; given
B. was; to give
C. being; given
D. being; to give
6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.
A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding;
covered D. held; covering
7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.
A. flowed in the breeze
B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze
D. flowing in the breeze
8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.
A. another
B. other
C. the other
D. the others
1. D。

half of them novels 为独立主格结构，相当于 and half of them are novels。

2. C。

考查“with + 名词 + 过去分词”结构。

3. A。

most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，
相当于 and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。

注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。

4. C。

all of them over00 years old 为独立主格结构，相当于 and all of them are over00 years old。

5. D。

第一空填 being，构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。

6. C。

独立主格结构，his right hand 与hold有主谓关系，故用holding,而 his face与 cover是动宾关系，故用covered.
7. D。

her long hair 与 flowing 是主动关系，这是“独立主格结构”作状语。

8. B。

因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。

其实，their lessons finished for the day为独立主格结构。

9. A。

此题容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

其实，句中的their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。

10. D。

易误选C。

后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式，省略了being。

补充完整就是：The Smiths are rich and
they have three cars, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest.
专项练习之独立主格结构
练习一
1. The thief stood before the policeman，_______ admitting what he had done．
A. with his dropping head
B. dropped his head
C. raising his head
D. with his head down
2. _______，he can’t go out for a walk as usual．
A. With so much work to do
B. With so much work doing
C. With so much work done
D. Without so much work to do
3. It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _______．
A. closed；open
B. closed；opened
C. closing；open
D. closing；opening
4. All things _______，the plan trip will have to be called off．
A. be considered
B. considered
C. considering
D. having considering
5. _______, we have to get down to business right
away．
A. As there was no time left
B. There is no time left
C. There being no time left
D. There to be no time left
6. _______ yesterday，we went out for a walk．
A. As a fine day
B. It was a fine day
C. It being a fine day
D. For it was a fine day
7. The old man stood there, _______．
A. with back against the wall
B. with his back against the wall
C. and back against wall
D. his back was against the wall
8. All flights _______ because of the snow-storm，many passengers could do nothing but
take the train．
B. having been canceled A. were canceled
C. had been canceled
D. have been canceled
9. _______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Because there being
D. There is
10. _______, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time’s permitting
11. _______, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
C. Goodbye said
D. When goodbye said
12. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather
B. It fine weather
C. It was fine weather
D. It being a fine weather
13. _______, the bus started at once.
A. The signal was given
B. The signal giving
C. The signal given
D. When the signal given
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14. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.
A. tears’ rolling down
B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down
D. tears rolling down
15. _______, the leaves are turning green.
A. When spring coming on
B. Spring coming on
C. Spring came on
D. Spring being come on
16. _______, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having
been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
17. I used to sleep with the window _______.
A. opened
B. open
C. opening
D. to open
18. _______, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder
B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder
D. A gun being on shoulder
19. He stood there silently, his lips _______ .
A. trembling
B. trembled
C. were trembling
D. were trembled
20. _______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us
B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us
D. With the teacher helping
练习二：高考试题精选
1. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
2. _______ the production up by0 %, the company
has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
4. The meeting _______ over, we all left the room and drove home.
A. is
B. to be
C. being
D. would be
5. _______, they will go and visit the zoo.
A. Weather permitting
B. Weather permitted
C. Weather being permitted
D. Weather having permitted
6. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
8. I send you 100 dollars, the rest _______ in
a year.
A. follow
B. followed。

C. to follow
D. being followed
9. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure
B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure
D. In the hope of cure
10. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
11. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______
at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
练习三：复习巩固
1. _______, we went home in a hurry.
A. The meeting was over
B. As the meeting being over
C. Being over
D. The meeting over
2. The square looks far more beautiful _______ .
A. with all the lights turning on
B. all the lights turning on
C. turning on all the lights
D. with all the lights turned on
3. _______,I had to do her work instead.
A. Being ill
B. Her being ill
C. She being ill
D. She was ill
4. _______, she went to bed with great satisfaction.
A. After all done
B. All done
C. All had been done
D. Doing all
5. He sat listening to the teacher, _______.
A. opened his mouth
B. and opening his mouth
C. with his mouth open
D. his mouth was opened
6. _______, he would most probably be late.
A. Without anybody to call him
B. Anybody to call him
C. Nobody called him
D. With him to call
7. _______, they made for the classroom in a hurry.
A. With only three minutes to go
B. There were only three minutes left
C. As only three minutes to go
D. Only three
minutes were left
8. _______, we are all sure of its success.
A. With he taking charge of the work
B. With he’s taking charge on the work
C. His taking charge of the work
D. With him taking charge of the work
9. A little boy, _______, ran into the room.
A. with two of his front teeth missed
B. two of his front teeth were missing
C. with two of his front teeth missing
D. missed two of his front teeth
10. _______ that he could speak English very well, they all came to practise English with him.
A. He being known
B. It was known
C. He was known
D. It being known
11. He walked _______.
A. with his head held high
B. held his head high
C. his head holding high
D. with his head to hold high
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12. She came he
re this morning, _______.
A. her boy friend to join her next month
B. her boy friend would join her next month
C. and her boy friend joining her next month
D. with her boy friend joined her next month
13. This book is well written, _______ .
A. with special attention paid to written English
B. with special attention paying to written English
C. special attention is paid to written English
D. paid special attention to written English
14. _______, she went out to get something to eat
A. Being no food left
B. There being no food left
C. There was no food left
D. No food was left
15. _______,the trees turned green.
A. As spring coming on
B. Spring came on
C. Spring coming on
D. With spring come on
16. _______, the sun shone again.
A. The dark clouds having disappeared
B. Having disappeared the dark clouds
C. The dark clouds to disappear
D. With the dark clouds disappeared
17. _______, he handed it to the teacher.
A. The composition writing
B. Having been written
C. The composition written
D. After the composition wrote
18. _______, the meeting was over.
A. Nobody had any more to say
B. Nobody having any more to say
C. Because of nobody had any more to say
D. Having no more to say
19. _______ time going on , Einstein’s theory proved _______ .
A. As; correct
B. With; corrected
C. With; correct
D. As; being correct
20. The boy_______ the way, we had no difficulty in finding the house.
A. leading
B. led
C. having been led
D. being led
21. The boy stood before the roasted duck, his eyes _______ on it and his mouth _______.
A. were fixed, was watered
B. fixed, watering
C. fixed, watered
D. were fixing, was watering
22. Everything_______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking
23. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _______ one major point in contrast with the other.
A. makes
B. made
C. is to make
D. making
24. People attend the meeting, _______ women.
A. all of them
B. all of whom
C. all of them were
D. whom all were
25. _______, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.
A. Her wallet stolen
B. Her wallet stealing
C. Her wallet was stolen
D. With her wallet stole
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26. David is sleeping on the grass with his jacket _______ his stomach.
A. covered
B. to cover
C. cover
D. covering
27. I saw a lot of children playing in the garden, most of them_______ boys.
A. being
B. are
C. were
D. having been
28. The building over there is a library, _______ standing our lab.
A. on the east of which
B. east of it
C. on the east of that
D. east of which
29. _______ the days went on, the weather got worse.
A. Since
B. With
C. As
D. While
30. The boy fell to the ground from the tree, his eyes _______ and his hands _______.
A. closing; trembled
B. closed; trembled
C. closing; trembling
D. closed; trembling
31. _______ Sunday, the library is closed.
A. Being
B. It being
C. There being
D. It is
32. ---- Why do you look so sad ?
---- With so many problems _______, I am in a difficult situation.
A. settled
B. remained to settle
C. settling
D. remaining to be settled
33. _______, they began their performances.
A. After we took our seats
B. Being taken our seats
C. Having taken our seats
D. Taking our seats
34. The old man has three sons, none of _______ living with him.
A. who
B. whom
C. them
D. three
35. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly,
_______.
A. her long hair was flowing in the breeze
B. her long hair flow in the breeze
C. her long hair flowing in the breeze
D. her long hair flowed in the breeze
36. I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates _______ anxiously beside
me to see what would happen.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stand
D. were standing
37. Tom sat there, face _______ in his hands, and wept.
A. was buried
B. being buried
C. burying
D. buried
练习一
1-5D A B B C -10 C B B B C11-1C A C D B 16-20 B B C A B 练习二
1-5C C D C A -10 A A C B B11 B
练习三
1-5D D C B C -10 A A D C D11-1A A A B C 16-20
A C
B
C A1-2B B
D A A-30 D A B C B1-3B D A C C-3B D
5
独立主格结构
定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。

但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

构成：
1. 名词+ 不定式、现在分词或过去分词
Weather permitting, we’ll go sightseeing.
= If weather permits, ...作条件状语
天气允许的话，我们要去观光。

Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.
=When homework was finished,...作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。

The exam to be held tomorrow, I can’t go to the cinema tonight. 明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。

2. 名词++表语 It Sunday, we went climbing.
= As it was Sunday, ...作原因状语
由于是星期天，我们去爬山。

Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes wide open. 托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。

Summer vacations over, students returned to school.
暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。

3. with + 名词+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。

此句型又称with 复合结构。

a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning. 他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。

b. She had to walk home with he bike stolen.
因为自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。

c. I can’t go out to play with so much homework to do.
这么多作业要做，我不能出去玩。

d. She fell asleep with the windows open.
她开着窗户睡着了。

e. The students left the classroom with the light on.
开着灯学生们离开了教室。

f. The teacher came into the room, with a book in his hand.
= book in hand
老师手里拿着书走进了房间。

独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位
置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。

独立主格结构精选习题：
1．Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker _________ a separate task.
A.assigning
B.assigned
C.was assigned
D.would be assigned
2．The lecture_________，he left his seat so quietly that no one
complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker
A.began
B.beginning
C.having begun
D.being beginning
3．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal
A.being considered
B.considering
C.considered
D.are considered
4．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving
the office ，but our work _________，we declined the offer.
A.not being finished
B.not having finished
C.had not been finished
D.was not finished
5．There are various kinds of metals ，each _________ its own properties
A.has
B.had
C.to have
D.having
6.________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being
B.Being
C.Having been
D.There was
7._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being
B.As there was
C.Being
D.There was
8. ______, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.Explaining new words
B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words
D.Having explained new words
9.____, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained
B. Explaining new words
C. New words explaining
D. Being explained new words
10. ___________, the patient can leave the
hospital.
A.Better conditions
B. Conditions are better
C. Conditions better
D.Being better conditions
11._____, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on
B.The play still on
C. Being still on the play
D.A and B
12._____, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on
B.The play being still on
C.As the play is still on
D.The play still on
13._____, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill
B.Mother ill
C.As mother was ill
D. all the above
14. Father came home,_________
A. a dog following him
B. followed by a dog
C. following a dog
D.all the above
15.The soldier fell asleep ________.
A.with the candle burning
B.burning the candle
C.when he burning the candle
D.when burning the candle
16. The meeting____ over, we all left the room.
A. is
B. to be
C. being
D. would be
17. The fish____ bad, the children left much of
it _____.
A. tasted, untouched
B. tasting, untouched
C. tasting, untouching
D. tasted, untouching
18.The old man stood under a big tree, ______.
A. a pipe in mouth
B.with a pipe in mouth
C. pipe in mouth
D.pipe in his mouth
19.The production ______ steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material.
A.has gone up
B.is going up
C.having gone up
D.being gone up
20. The murderer was brought in , _________.
A. with his hands tied
B. with his hands tying
C. with his hands being tied
D. his hands had been tied
参考答案：
1---BBCAD ---10 ABBAC
11---1DADDA16---20 CBACA。