考向59 语法填空之解答非谓语动词类填空的4策略(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

考向59 语法填空

解答非谓语动词类填空的4策略

策略一非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法

【考情再现】

1. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance. They represent the earth________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

答案与解析coming句中谓语动词为represent，设空处作represent的宾语。the earth是其逻辑主语，与come back to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词的­ing形式作宾语。故填coming。

2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Scientists have responded by________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.

答案与解析noting句意：科学家们已做出回应，指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动词的­ing形式作宾语，故填noting。by doing sth.“通过做某事”。note在本句中意为“特别提到；指出”。

3. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for________ (be) Britain's oldest full­time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

答案与解析being句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工——目前仍然每周工作40个小时。分析句子成分可知，设空处作介词for的宾语，应用动词的­ing形式作宾语，故填being。

4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of________ (die) early by running.

答案与解析dying句意：你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重，但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。介词of之后需用动词的­ing形式作宾语，故该空填dying。

5. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid________ (look) directly into his eyes.

答案与解析looking句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头以避免直视他的眼睛。avoid后需接动词的­ing形式作宾语，且I与look是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填looking。avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”。

6. (2019·浙江高考)But some students didn't want________ (wear) the uniform.

答案与解析to wear句意：但是一些学生并不想穿校服。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填to wear。

7. (2018·浙江高考)I still remember________ (visit) a friend who had lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.

答案与解析visiting根据语境“我仍然记得拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋友”可知，此处表达“记得做过某事”，用remember doing sth.结构，故填visiting。remember to do sth. “记得要去做某事”。

8.(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ________ (try) it.

答案与解析to eat; trying句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰激凌看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住要试一试。固定短语mean to do “打算做”；can't help doing “忍不住做”。

解题技巧本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can't help (to) do 不能帮助做”与

“can't help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。

【技巧微点】

提示词是动词：Ⅱ若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词doing/to do；Ⅱ利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系：doing/to do；动宾关系：being done/to be done)。

牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构

Ⅱ介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意“to”的身份识别。

Ⅱ若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填不定式：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, pretend, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish, would like, determine等。

Ⅱ若非谓语动词作如下动词(短语)的宾语，则应填动词的­ing形式：avoid, admit, allow, advise, consider, escape, enjoy, keep, finish, include, mind, miss, practice, recommend, suggest, feel like, get down to等。

Ⅱgo on, mean, forget, regret, remember, stop, try等可接动词的­ing形式或不定式作宾语，应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填动词的­ing形式或不定式作宾语。

Ⅱbelieve/consider/find/feel/make/think＋it＋adj.＋to do sth., it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。

Ⅱsth. want/need/require/deserve/be worth＋doing/to be done 动名词作宾语，主动形式表被动。

策略二非谓语动词作状语和补语——理清逻辑关系【考情再现】

9. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin.

答案与解析to find句意：中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地区域。根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

10. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

答案与解析decorated句中them指代前句中的orange trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

11. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out________ (find) the well­known painter.

答案与解析to find表“出发去做某事”的短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

12. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

答案与解析surrounding分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds是saw的宾语，“________ (surround) the mountain tops”是非谓语动词结构作宾语补足语，clouds与surround是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填surrounding。

13. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive(perform) consistently over a large area.

答案与解析to perform句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。该处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式，其中不定式作结果状语，与methods 是逻辑上的动宾关系。故此处填to perform。

14. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)On the last day of our week­long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

答案与解析listening分析句子结构可知，设空处前为完整的句子，故设空处应填非谓语动词。we与listen 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动和伴随，应用现在分词作状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规