不定代词
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不定代词
冰晶里的太阳
• 不定代词不是指确定的对象,而且仅具 有非确定特指含义,通常用作替代词.常 用的不定代词： all,each,every,both,either, neither,one,none,little,few,many, much,other,another,some, any,no,以 及由some,any,no,every组成的复合不 定代词.
both,either 和neither
• both表示“两者都…”,作主语时谓语动词用复数,可以 构成both…and的句型 • Both of us are doctors. • You are both wrong. • Both the students are American • Both you and he are right. both of …的否定式是Neither of…, Both of them come from Japan. Neither of them comes from Japan
• either表示两者中的任何一个,在句中可用作主语, 宾语和定语,用作定语时后面只接单数名词. 1.---Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of water? ---Either will do. 2. There are many trees on either side of the river. either 可以构成either…or…,表示或者…或者…, 要么…要么… Either Tom or Jack will stay at home tomorrow.
当句子前面有only时,后面只能用a little和a few, 即:only a few=very few(几乎没有几个),only a little=very little(几乎没有,很少) He can speak only a little Chinese.
other 和another
Other”别的,其他的”.当它前面有定冠词时,后面跟一个单 数或复数名词,当它前面没有定冠词时,后面必须跟复数名 词. This seat is free,the other seat is taken. She always thinks of other people /others and never thinks of herself Another 意思是”另外一个,再一个”, another前面不能用 定冠词the,它作为限定词与单数名词连用,但它后面跟基数 词或few时,后面的名词必须用复数. Please give me another umbrella. This one is too old. We need another ten chairs. We need another few days before I finish this book.
it
It is raining heavily.(天气)
It is already five o’clock.（时间）
It is a long way from here.（距离）
It took us four years to write this book.（形式主语）
改错
1. Tom's mother is taller than my. Tom's mother is taller than mine. 2.We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it. 3.He and you should go to the library to return the books. You and he should go to the library to return the books. 3.He or his brother is doing their homework. He or his brother is doing his homework.
• Each强调个体, every强调整体.可以用作主语,宾 语及同位语, every只能作定语. Every student has got a new pen. Each teacher is wearing a hat today. We each have a new schoolbag now. He gave two to each of them. each 和every 均可作定语,后面的名词只能是单数可数名词, 谓语动词只能用单数. each of后面必须接复数名词,但谓语 动词只能用单数形式. Each of the girls is good at English. every other day 每隔一天
• 当all用作主语时,如果后面有人称代词,须 在他们之间加上of,如果后面跟的是名词, 他们之间可加of,也可不加. • All of them are from Beijing. • All students/All of the students have passed the exam.
All的位置：当谓语动词是实义动词时，all放 在动词前面；谓语动词是be时， 放在be后面；当谓语动词是情态动词或助动 词加实义动词时，放在他们之间。 They all know the answer. They are all women. They have all finished their homework. You can all come to see me again next Monday. 当all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all放在宾 语后面.如:you all,them all ,us all.
• 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone等时,形容词 或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面. • I have something important to tell you. • We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? everyone的意思等同与everybody,只能指 人;every one既可指人也可指物, 还可以和of短语 连用. Everyone /Every one likes Mary. I have kept every one of her letters.
• none
意为”没有一个人或东西”,在句中可以作主 none 语,宾语及同位语,但它不能作定语. 1. ---Are there any maps on the walll? ---None 2. I like none of these books None of 后面只能接可数名词复数,但谓语动词用单,复数均可, 强调整体时谓语动词常用复数,强调个体时谓语动词常用单数. None of these pictures are/is good. None of them like it. None of us has got a car. 注意:回答how many或how much问句时通常用none回答. ---How many students are there in the classroom? ---None. ---Who is in the classroom ? ---No one/Nobody
some,any,no,every组合的复合不定代词.
• 当主句中的主语是指人的复合不定代词如 everybody,everyone,anyone等时,其反意疑问 句的主语通常是代词they;当主句中的主语是 指物的复合不定代词如 everything,anything,something,nothing 等时, 其反意疑问句的主语通常是代词it. • Everybody is here ,aren’t they? • Everything is ready,isn’t it?
• 分述三个或三个以上的人或物时,其句型是 one…another…the third…the fourth… • She has four books.one is an English book,another is a history one, the third is a physics one, and the fourth is a picture-book. • 分述两样东西或人时,常用句型”one…the other” • She has two sons. One is a worker, the other ia a farmer.
some, any+可数／不可数
一般情况，some用在肯定句；any用在否定句和疑问句。 当some用在疑问句，表示邀请、请求、建议等；any用 在肯定句表示任何一个 Some people like pop music.（肯） He went to some place in Europe. “某个” May I have some water?（请求） Why don’t you take some apples?（建议） Do you have any questions?（疑） There isn’t any tea left. I ‘ll go and make some for you. （否） You can ask me any question at any time. （任何一个）
Little,a little和few,a few
• Little few表示”很少,几乎没有,”a little,a few表示” 有一些”. Little和a little后接不可数名词, few和a few 后接可数名词复数.他们在句中可作主语,宾语和定语. • I have a few books but I have few pencils. • ---Can you speak English? • ---Yes,I can speak a little. • There is little water in the bottle,is there?
either还可以作副词,意her 表示两者都不,在句中可作主语,宾语和定语, 作定语时只能接单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用 单数. 1.Neither of the students is fifteen. 2. ---Do you know Jack and Tom? ---No,I know neither of them. 3. ---What about the two books? ---Neither book is interesting. neither„nor„表示既不„也不„,连接两个主语时,谓语 动词与后面的名词或代词一致.both„and„的否定式是 Neither„nor„, Neither you nor she speaks Japanese. Both Mr.Li and Mrs.Zhang are OK. Neither Mr.Li nor Mrs.Zhang is OK.
1. All “所有”,谈到三个或三个以上的人或物时以及在 谈到不可数的事物时.当作主语指人时,谓语动词用复 数形式;当作主语指物时,谓语动词用单数形式;当作定 语时,它既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词.
• All of us are interested in English. • All is going well. • They all went there and bought some books All last week. • He told me all about it. 注意:All of us are not students.是”我们大家 并不都是学生”之意.暗示:我们当中有一些 是学生,有一些不是.句型Not all…或为 All…not不完全否定句.
不定代词
冰晶里的太阳
• 不定代词不是指确定的对象,而且仅具 有非确定特指含义,通常用作替代词.常 用的不定代词： all,each,every,both,either, neither,one,none,little,few,many, much,other,another,some, any,no,以 及由some,any,no,every组成的复合不 定代词.
both,either 和neither
• both表示“两者都…”,作主语时谓语动词用复数,可以 构成both…and的句型 • Both of us are doctors. • You are both wrong. • Both the students are American • Both you and he are right. both of …的否定式是Neither of…, Both of them come from Japan. Neither of them comes from Japan
• either表示两者中的任何一个,在句中可用作主语, 宾语和定语,用作定语时后面只接单数名词. 1.---Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of water? ---Either will do. 2. There are many trees on either side of the river. either 可以构成either…or…,表示或者…或者…, 要么…要么… Either Tom or Jack will stay at home tomorrow.
当句子前面有only时,后面只能用a little和a few, 即:only a few=very few(几乎没有几个),only a little=very little(几乎没有,很少) He can speak only a little Chinese.
other 和another
Other”别的,其他的”.当它前面有定冠词时,后面跟一个单 数或复数名词,当它前面没有定冠词时,后面必须跟复数名 词. This seat is free,the other seat is taken. She always thinks of other people /others and never thinks of herself Another 意思是”另外一个,再一个”, another前面不能用 定冠词the,它作为限定词与单数名词连用,但它后面跟基数 词或few时,后面的名词必须用复数. Please give me another umbrella. This one is too old. We need another ten chairs. We need another few days before I finish this book.
it
It is raining heavily.(天气)
It is already five o’clock.（时间）
It is a long way from here.（距离）
It took us four years to write this book.（形式主语）
改错
1. Tom's mother is taller than my. Tom's mother is taller than mine. 2.We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it. 3.He and you should go to the library to return the books. You and he should go to the library to return the books. 3.He or his brother is doing their homework. He or his brother is doing his homework.
• Each强调个体, every强调整体.可以用作主语,宾 语及同位语, every只能作定语. Every student has got a new pen. Each teacher is wearing a hat today. We each have a new schoolbag now. He gave two to each of them. each 和every 均可作定语,后面的名词只能是单数可数名词, 谓语动词只能用单数. each of后面必须接复数名词,但谓语 动词只能用单数形式. Each of the girls is good at English. every other day 每隔一天
• 当all用作主语时,如果后面有人称代词,须 在他们之间加上of,如果后面跟的是名词, 他们之间可加of,也可不加. • All of them are from Beijing. • All students/All of the students have passed the exam.
All的位置：当谓语动词是实义动词时，all放 在动词前面；谓语动词是be时， 放在be后面；当谓语动词是情态动词或助动 词加实义动词时，放在他们之间。 They all know the answer. They are all women. They have all finished their homework. You can all come to see me again next Monday. 当all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all放在宾 语后面.如:you all,them all ,us all.
• 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone等时,形容词 或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面. • I have something important to tell you. • We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? everyone的意思等同与everybody,只能指 人;every one既可指人也可指物, 还可以和of短语 连用. Everyone /Every one likes Mary. I have kept every one of her letters.
• none
意为”没有一个人或东西”,在句中可以作主 none 语,宾语及同位语,但它不能作定语. 1. ---Are there any maps on the walll? ---None 2. I like none of these books None of 后面只能接可数名词复数,但谓语动词用单,复数均可, 强调整体时谓语动词常用复数,强调个体时谓语动词常用单数. None of these pictures are/is good. None of them like it. None of us has got a car. 注意:回答how many或how much问句时通常用none回答. ---How many students are there in the classroom? ---None. ---Who is in the classroom ? ---No one/Nobody
some,any,no,every组合的复合不定代词.
• 当主句中的主语是指人的复合不定代词如 everybody,everyone,anyone等时,其反意疑问 句的主语通常是代词they;当主句中的主语是 指物的复合不定代词如 everything,anything,something,nothing 等时, 其反意疑问句的主语通常是代词it. • Everybody is here ,aren’t they? • Everything is ready,isn’t it?
• 分述三个或三个以上的人或物时,其句型是 one…another…the third…the fourth… • She has four books.one is an English book,another is a history one, the third is a physics one, and the fourth is a picture-book. • 分述两样东西或人时,常用句型”one…the other” • She has two sons. One is a worker, the other ia a farmer.
some, any+可数／不可数
一般情况，some用在肯定句；any用在否定句和疑问句。 当some用在疑问句，表示邀请、请求、建议等；any用 在肯定句表示任何一个 Some people like pop music.（肯） He went to some place in Europe. “某个” May I have some water?（请求） Why don’t you take some apples?（建议） Do you have any questions?（疑） There isn’t any tea left. I ‘ll go and make some for you. （否） You can ask me any question at any time. （任何一个）
Little,a little和few,a few
• Little few表示”很少,几乎没有,”a little,a few表示” 有一些”. Little和a little后接不可数名词, few和a few 后接可数名词复数.他们在句中可作主语,宾语和定语. • I have a few books but I have few pencils. • ---Can you speak English? • ---Yes,I can speak a little. • There is little water in the bottle,is there?
either还可以作副词,意her 表示两者都不,在句中可作主语,宾语和定语, 作定语时只能接单数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用 单数. 1.Neither of the students is fifteen. 2. ---Do you know Jack and Tom? ---No,I know neither of them. 3. ---What about the two books? ---Neither book is interesting. neither„nor„表示既不„也不„,连接两个主语时,谓语 动词与后面的名词或代词一致.both„and„的否定式是 Neither„nor„, Neither you nor she speaks Japanese. Both Mr.Li and Mrs.Zhang are OK. Neither Mr.Li nor Mrs.Zhang is OK.
1. All “所有”,谈到三个或三个以上的人或物时以及在 谈到不可数的事物时.当作主语指人时,谓语动词用复 数形式;当作主语指物时,谓语动词用单数形式;当作定 语时,它既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词.
• All of us are interested in English. • All is going well. • They all went there and bought some books All last week. • He told me all about it. 注意:All of us are not students.是”我们大家 并不都是学生”之意.暗示:我们当中有一些 是学生,有一些不是.句型Not all…或为 All…not不完全否定句.