高中英语-非谓语动词总结

一，非谓语动词做宾语
1只能接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，
consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示can’t help 禁不住，can’t stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于...，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于...，fee like想要···be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃
2只能接不定式作宾语的动词：
afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose 选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败,未能够，happen 碰巧，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan 计划，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望
3接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止
4下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：
stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做
forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过
remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过
regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做
go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）
mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做
5 need, want,require作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义
The flowers need watering/to be watered.
二，非谓语动词做宾语补足语
1 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。

（不定式作宾语补足语）
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like,like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
2 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）
3 There +不定式。

We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。

注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

4 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。

（help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.）
They saw the boy fall off the tree.
The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
I often help him （to）clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
一不定式的时态和语态
1、不定式的时态
（1）现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
（2）完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

如：
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
（3）进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

如：
He seems to be eating something.
（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。

如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
2、不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。

如：
He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
一、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。

如：
We are interested in playing chess.
He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态。

如：
We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.
I remember having been told a story.
He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
一、分词的时态
1、与主语动词同时。

如：
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.
刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.
A to prepare
B preparing
C prepared
D was preparing
答案：B
2、先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。

如：
Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
做完作业，他出去散步。

______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A Not receiving
B Receiving not
C Not having received
D Having not received
答案：C
二、分词的语态
1、通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。

如：
He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人
She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。

2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。

像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped,
faded, returned等词。

如：
a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
一、省to 的动词不定式
1、情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）
2、Would rather, had better.
3、感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，
省略 to.
注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。

如：
I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
4、使役动词 let, have, make.
5、由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。

如：He wants to move to France
and marry the girl.
6、Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.
7、Why…/Why not…
8、But 和except 前是动词do 时，后面出现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式。

试比较：
He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
9、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。