2021年成人高考高起点《英语》复习资料总结汇总

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2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(1)
可数名词与不可数名词
名词分可数与不可数两种。

可数名词表⽰某类⼈或东西中的个体。

如table， country。

或表⽰若⼲个体组成的集合体。

如 family， people， committee， police。

不可数名词表⽰⽆法分为个体的实物。

如air， tea， furniture， water。

或表⽰动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。

如work， information， advice， happiness。

有些名词在⼀种场合下是可数名词，在另⼀种场合下是不可数名词。

如room 房间(可数)，空间(不可数)
time 时间(不可数)，次数(可数)
fish 鱼(不可数)，各种各样的鱼(可数)
⽐较下列例句：
There are nine rooms in the house. (房间，可数名词)
There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空间，不可数名词)
不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前⾯加单位词来表⽰。

如：⼀块⾁ a piece of meat
两条长⾯包 two loaves of bread
三件家具 three articles of furniture
⼀⼤笔钱 a large sum of money
2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(2)
可数名词的复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

名词复数的构成如下：
1.⼀般情况下在名词后加-s。

如：girls， books。

★浊辅⾳、元⾳结尾，s发[z]
2.以s， x ， ch， sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。

如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes。

★以s， x ， ch， sh结尾，es发[iz]
3.“辅⾳字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。

如：city-cities， country-countries。

4.以o结尾的词多数加-es。

如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes。

radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。

5.f， fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。

如：thief-thieves， leaf-leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives，knife-knives。

少数名词有不规则的复数形式。

如：man-men， woman-women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice。

★可数名词复数⼀般情况下考不规则复数形式。

个别名词的单数和复数的形式是⼀样的。

如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer。

2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(3)
名词的所有格
名词的所有格表⽰所属关系，起形容词的作⽤。

当名词表⽰有⽣命的东西时，所有格⼀般是在词尾加 s 。

如：Jeans room， my daughter-in-laws friends， my daughters-in-laws friends， childrens books。

如果名词已经有了复数词尾s，则只需加。

如：the teachers books， my parents car。

时间名词的所有格在后⾯加s ，复数加。

如：todays newspaper， five minutes walk。

当名词表⽰⽆⽣命的东西时，所有格常由“of”短语构成。

如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， Chinas capital。

加 s 或的名词所有格可以表⽰店铺或某⼈的家。

如：the grocers， the tailors， the Smiths 。

★名词所有格考试常见部分是
名词表⽰没有⽣命的东西时，不能直接在其后加s。

时间名词所有格在其后加s，或复数名词后直接加。

2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(4)
名词在句⼦中的作⽤：名词在句⼦中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补⾜语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。

名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在⼈称和数上必须与主语保持⼀致。

1.主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词⽤单数形式;主语是复数时，谓语动词⽤复数形式。

All roads lead to Rome。

(条条⼤路通罗马。

)
His brother is an industrial engineer。

The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

★the number of 表⽰数量，⽆论后⾯名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

★two-thirds 三分之⼆
⼏分之⼏作主语，谓语是单数形式。

belong to 属于某⼈
Both of us are studying English。

★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式;
⼏分之⼏，谓语单数形式;
both 谓语使⽤复数形式。

2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother。

Forgetting the past means betrayal。

What we are talking now is useless。

3.主语部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前⾯的名词⼀致。

Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。

(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补⾜语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词⽤复数形式)
No one except my friends knows anything about it。

4.表⽰时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也⽤单数形式。

Three times two is six。

Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)
5.Either， neither作主语时，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

Neither of us has been to Italy。

Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none代表可数的⼈或东西时，谓语动词可以⽤单数也可以⽤复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

None of the students have/has seen the film。

None of the money belongs to me。

6.主语由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

Not only you but also I am wrong。

Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

Either you or she is to do the work。

7.主语中有and，如果表⽰单⼀概念，谓语动词⽤单数。

The bread and butter is nice。

8.主语前有many a， more than one修饰时，谓语动词⽤单数形式。

Many a book has been read by the students。

★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

9.集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词⽤单数形式，当作每个独⽴的个体看待时，谓语动词⽤复数。

The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)
The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独⽴个体)
People， police作主语时，谓语动词⽤复数形式。

The police have come to arrest him。

2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(5)
不定冠词的基本⽤法
1.表⽰“⼀”的含义。

Give me a pen please。

We go shopping twice a week。

2.泛指某个⼈或东西。

Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。

She picked up a magazine and began to read。

3.表⽰⼀类⼈或东西。

He works as a language teacher in that university。

As a writer， he is successful。

Even a child can answer this question。

可数名词单数出现，泛指⽤不定冠词，特指⽤定冠词。

⼀个可数名词的单数不能⾃⼰单独出现
2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(6)
定冠词的基本⽤法
1.表⽰特定的⼈或东西。

Give me the magazine。

Have you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an English dictionary。

Beijing is the capital of China。

2.复述前⽂提到的⼈或东西。

Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。

The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。

3.⽤于形容词前⾯，代表⼀类⼈或东西。

the poor 穷⼈ the rich 富⼈ the wounded 受伤的⼈
the sick ⽣病的⼈ the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old ⽼年⼈
the young 年青⼈
4.⽤于表⽰世界上独⼀⽆⼆的东西的名词前⾯。

the moon， the sun， the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth。

We have friends all over the world。

Dont build castles in the air。

5.⽤于序数词、⽅位名词、形容词与副词的级前⾯，副词级前⾯的the 可以省略。

January is the first month of the year。

The sun rises in the east。

Japan lies to the east of China。

Beijing lies in the north of China。

Ireland lies on the Great Britain。

At the Childrens Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin。

Last week we went to the theatre。

Among the three girls she speaks English the best。

“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前⾯不加冠词。

We are walking south。

形容词级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。

Monday is my busiest day。

6.⽤于姓⽒的复数形式前，表⽰⼀家⼈或夫妇俩。

The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。

The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可数名词前⾯通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表⽰特定部分、特定内容时，前⾯需加定冠词。

Drink some water。

Is the water in the well fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He cant take the advice his mother gives him。

2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(7)
absent from不在，缺席abundant in富于
alien to与……相反angry with sb at/about sth⽣⽓，愤怒
anxious about/for忧虑，担⼼appropriate for/to适当，合适
applicable to适⽤于apt at聪明，善于
apt to易于ashamed of羞愧，害臊
approximate to近拟，接近aware of意识到
abailable to sb for sth可⽤，可供bare of⼏乎没有，缺乏
bound for开往…… capable of能够
careful of/about/with;⼩⼼，注意certain of /about确信，肯定
about/in doing characteristic of特有，独特
clear of没有，不接触clever at善于
close to接近，亲近comparable to/with可⽐较
conscious of察觉到，意识到consequent on随之⽽来
considerate towards体谅，体贴contemporary with与……同时代
content with满⾜于contrary to违反
counter to与……相反crazy about热衷，着迷
critical of挑剔，批评curious about好奇，想知道
distinct from种类(风格)不同doubtful of /about怀疑
east of在……东⾯equal to相等，胜任
equivalent to等于，相当于essential to/for必不可少
expert at/in/on善于faithful to忠实于
familiar to sb为……所熟悉familiar with sth熟悉，通晓
fatal to致命的favourable to⽀持，赞成
favourable for有帮助的fearful of惧怕
fit for适于foreign to⾮……所原有
fond of喜欢free of /from未受……;免费
free with康慨，⼤⽅guilty of有……罪的
hungry for渴望ignorant of不知道
impatient at sth.不耐烦impatient of⽆法容忍
with sb independent of不受……⽀配
impatient for急切，渴望indifferent to⽆兴趣，不关⼼
indignant with sb.愤慨inferior to级别低于，不如
ab/about sth innocent of⽆……罪，⽆辜
intent on专⼼于invisible to不可见的jealous of嫉妒keep on爱好，很喜欢
liable for对……有责任liable to易于
loyal to忠于mad at/with sb.⽣⽓，愤怒mad with因……发狂next to下⼀个，其次
necessary to /for必要的opposite to在对⾯
open to不限制，开放的particular about挑剔，讲究
arallel to与……平等，类似peculiar to独特的，独有的
atient with有耐⼼prior to在……之前
opular with受……喜爱，爱戴representative of代表……的
relative to与……有关rich in富于
responsible for负责，是……原因sensitive to对……敏感
sensible of觉查到sick of厌恶，厌倦
short of缺少skilled at /in善于
similar to相似sufficient for⾜够的
subject to受制于，易于superior to优于，级别⾼于
suitable for/to适合于suspicious of怀疑
sure of /about对……有信⼼，确信typical of是典型的，特有的
tired of对……不在感兴趣votal to对……关系重⼤
uncertain of /about不确知mad about/on狂热迷恋
void of没有，缺乏
2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(8)
这⾥⽤to man ⽽不⽤by.即当单数⼜⽆冠词的man和known搭配时，表⽰⼈类不⽤by. this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next，last，one
接年、⽉、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯
例;⼀天one day (不说on one day)
one summer 在⼀个夏天
one year ⼀年
Iast nieht 昨天夜⾥
last Friday 上个星期五
last month 上⽉
last year 去年
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
tomorrow afternoon 明天下午
tomorrow evening 明天晚上
next month 下个⽉
next week 下周
next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六
2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(9)
Nobody was late except me.
除我以外，没⼈迟到。

同类⽐较except，加for 异类记⼼间。

He's composition is good，except for some spelling mistakes.
他的这篇作⽂写得很好，只是有⼏处拼写错误。

(⾮同类⽐较⽤except for)
She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.
除了有⼀个⽼姑妈，她别⽆亲⼈。

Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without=except)
当安娜发现除她外，他们都去游泳了，她感到很失望。

Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.
除了那些古寺以外，狮头⼭没什么可看的。

Among other things，we are interested in drawing.
我们对图画和别的⼀些东西很感兴趣。

(among之内即包括在内)
原状because of，owing to，due to 表语形容词
例：Owing to our joint efforts， the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
由于我们的共同努⼒，任务提前完成了。

注：Owing to 和because of 都做原因状语，⽽due to 只能做表语形容词。

所以此句。

owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。

AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.
我们的⼀切成绩都归功于党。

(due to 做表语形容词)
under后接修、建中，of，from 物化分
例：The road is under repair now.
这条路正在修建中。

2021年成⼈⾼考⾼起点《英语》复习资料总结(10)
⾼频句型：
1. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price，which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这⼀点，将会付出他们⽆法承受的代价。

2. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打⼯正成为增长的趋势，这⼀问题在世界上⼤部分城市已引起普遍关注。

3. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
⼀项调查显⽰许多民⼯认为在城市打⼯不仅有较⾼的收⼊，⽽且能学到⼀些新技术。

4. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村⼈⼝的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺⾐挨饿的贫寒⽣活。

5. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities，they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
尽管民⼯对城市的经济发展做出了巨⼤贡献，然⽽他们也不可避免的带来了⼀些负⾯影响。

6. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs;and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.。