2021届全国高考英语冲刺复习：非谓语动词

3．作表语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 His wish is to become a scientist. 他的理想是成为科学家。 4．作宾语补足语 They think him to be honest. 他们认为他很诚实。 I expect him to be a doctor. 我猜他是医生。
I heard my name called. 我听见有人喊我的名字。 注意：变被动需要加 to She was seen to enter this room last night. 有人见她昨夜进了这个房间。
2．使役动词 have/make/let sb. do I will have him come over. 我要让他过来。 He made me tell the truth. 他强迫我说出了实情。 注意：变被动需加 to I was made to tell the truth. 我被迫讲出了实情。
(2)完成式 动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 I regret not having taken my assistant's advice. 我后悔没采纳助手的建议。 有时(特别在口语中)，一般式可以代替完成式 Excuse me for coming(having come)late. 请原谅我来晚了。
二、动名词
(一)动名词的时态和语态(以 write 为例)
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 writing being written
完成式
having written
having been written
1.动名词的时态 (1)一般式 时间观念不明确的动名词，与谓语所表示的动作同 时发生的动名词或动名词的动作发生在谓语动词的动 作之后的动名词都用一般式。 The students are all interested in climbing mountains. 学生们都喜欢爬山。 The engineer suggested bringing out a new type of computer.工程师建议推出新款电脑。
3．动名词的否定形式 not doing I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. 我一定道歉没让你事先知道。 4．动名词的逻辑主语 (1)动名词作主语，其逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的 所有格形式。
(2)名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可用名词或代词的 所有格形式，也可用其宾格形式。
(3)动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的名词或抽象名词 时，则用原来形式，不必加's.
John's coming back tomorrow excited all of us. 明天约翰就要回来了，我们都很兴奋。 I'm sure of my brother's/brother passing the exam. 我弟弟肯定能通过考试。 There is little chance of his/him being elected Mayor of the city.他竞选市长机会渺茫。
(五)不定式 to 的省略 1．感官动词
see/watch/look hear/listen to
at＋宾语＋ddooing做过正在做
feel/notice
done 被做
I saw him turn to the left and go away. 我看见他往左一转走开了。
I can hear the girl singing in the next room. 我听见那个女孩在隔壁唱歌。
It is＋
for＋ n. adj.of＋ n.
to do sth.
It is difficult for him to do so.
对他来说这么做很难。
2．作宾语 I like to go at this time. 我喜欢此时去。 He intends to try it. 他打算试一下。 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： want，like，hope，wish，expect，desire，intend， decide，try，manage，refuse，...
2021届全国高考英语冲刺复习 非谓语动词
语法归纳 语法训练
语法归纳
对应学生用书P210 归纳语法 分类讲解
一、不定式
(一)不定式的时态 不定式有：一般式、完成式、进行式：
时态
构成
一般式 完成式 进行式
to do to have done to be doing
1.一般式 (1)不定式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示 的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生或存在，用一般式。 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 I saw her enter the room just now. 我刚才见她进了房间。
被动语态
构成
一般式 完成式
to be done to have been done
在下列情况下不定式要用被动语态：
当句子的主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，
如：
The girl is glad to be taken to the Summer Palace. 能去颐和园小女孩很高兴。 The book is said to have been put into English. 据说此书已译成英语。 注 意 ： Have you anything to be done this afternoon? 今天下午你有什么事情要人做吗？ Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有什么事情要(自己)做吗？
7．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 I come to see you. ＝I come in order to see you. ＝I come in order that I may see you. ＝I come for the purpose of seeing you. 我来看你。
(In order to)To let some fresh air in，I opened the window.
5．作定语 I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗。re a headache. 这是治疗头痛的最好办法。
6．疑问词＋to do 作主语、宾语、表语 Please tell me where to go next. 请告诉我下次去哪。 Sam is learning how to drive a car. 山姆在学开车。 When to turn the corner is a difficult problem. 何时拐弯还是个难题。 注意：没有 why＋to do 的形式。
为了让新鲜空气进来，我打开了窗户。 目的状语位于句首不能用 so as to 替换。
(2)作结果状语 He studied so hard as to pass the examination. ＝ He studied so hard that he passed the examination. ＝He studied hard enough to pass the examination. 他很用功以致能通过考试。 You are too young to drive. ＝Yon are so young that you can't learn to drive. ＝You are not old enough to learn to drive. 你年纪太小不能学开车。
否定词要放在不定式 to 的前面： We decided not to go. 我们决定不去。 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的 to＋ v. 能够 这样用的动词有： find，think，believe，consider，make，take，regard... I think it better not to go. 我想最好不去。 We consider it our duty to observe the laws. 我们认为遵守法律是我们的职责。
3．do nothing but do 但 nothing but 之前的动词， 若不是 do，则 nothing but 后要用 to.
The baby does nothing but cry. 婴儿一直在哭。 He desires nothing but to live happily. 他的愿望就是生活幸福。 4．省略 to 后的动词部分，避免重复，但要保留 to He asked her to go to the movies，but she didn't want to.他请她去看电影，但她不想去。
(三)不定式的主动语态代替被动语态 1．不定式与最近的名词(代词)有动宾关系，且与句 中另一名词(代词)有主谓关系 He has nothing to eat. 他没有东西可吃。 I'll give you a book to read. 我给你本书读。 Would you bring a bench to sit on? 能拿来个长凳坐吗？
3．进行式 当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式所表示的 动作正在进行，用进行式。 They seemed to be talking about you. 他们好像在议论你。 The two cheats pretended to be working hard. 两个骗子假装拼命工作。
(二)不定式的被动时态 不定式被动语态用于两种时态即：一般式和完成式
2．完成式 不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表 示的动作或状态之前，用完成式。 I'm glad to have seen your mother yesterday. 我很高兴昨天见到了你母亲。 They thought it a pity not to have invited us. 没邀请我们令他们遗憾。
2．在“主语＋表语(形容词)＋to do”中，主语也 是不定式的逻辑宾语时
This text is easy to recite. 这篇课文容易背。 John is difficult to deal with. 约翰很难对付。
3．to let，to blame The house is to let. 这房子要出租。 You are to blame. 你要受责备。
(四)不定式的用法 1．做主语 To know oneself is difficult. 要认识自己很难。 To get up early makes us healthy. 早起使我们健康。 以不定式作主语，动词用单数形式；也可用 it 作形 式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。
To tell a lie is wrong＝It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的。
2．动名词的被动式 动名词的逻辑主语是该动名词所表示动作的承受 者时动名词要用被动式 These books must be returned to the library after being read.书看完后要归还图书馆。 I forget having been told about it. 我忘了有人告诉过我这件事。
但：want，need，require 等动词后的动名词的主 动式表示被动含义
repairing.
The house needs
to be repaired.
房子需要维修。
be worth 后的动名词也表示被动含义。
The picture is well worth looking at. 这幅画非常值得看。
(2)不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所 表示的动作或状态之后也用一般式。
My uncle asked me to see him this summer. 我叔叔让我今年夏天去看他。 I'm glad to take my sister to the countryside. 我很乐意带我妹妹去乡下。