2017年上海中学高三英语练习卷一

高三英语练习卷一
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A. Blank filling（10’）
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of ___21___（widely）held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means ___22___（step）off the pavement into a busy street. If you ___23___ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed ___24___ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.
Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will ___25___ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover, ___26___ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!
The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls ___27___ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to ___28___（originate）in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.
Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, ___29___ ___29___ they are often associated witchcraft（巫术）. It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path---although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.
Finally, a commonly held superstition is ___30___ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood？”
Section B（10’）
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be
“Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a“new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer(1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered（无拘无束）and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where“the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.
Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts （萦绕于）us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.
But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze（30’）
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
（A）
The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.
Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”
Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.
___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers---a kind of“third place”where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.
The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black and white only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.
Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,
through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the“Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.
But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.
41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients
42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured
43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency
44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for
45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on
46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of
47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound
48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required
49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform
50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy
51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. dultivates
52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience
53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently
54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic
55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. vision
（B）
Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives, But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.
In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?
Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.
In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.
After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer（服药）the
protein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.
To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.
To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.
56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase
57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure
58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex
59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building
60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected
61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example
62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production
63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous
64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction
65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing
66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently
67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead
68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down
69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly
70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearful
试卷二
Section B: Passages（40’）
Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B, C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one
picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
1. According to the author, the woman was probably_______.
A. enjoying herself
B. losing her patience
C. waiting for the sunset
D. thinking about her past
2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A. The rich color of the landscape.
B. The perfect positioning of the camera.
C. The woman’s existence in the photo.
D. The soft sunlight that summer day.
3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.
A. the need to be close to nature
B. the importance of private space
C. the joy of the vacation in Italy
D. the shared passion for beauty
4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.
A. a particular life experience
B. the pleasure of traveling
C. the art of photography
D. a romantic encounter with a stranger
（B）
A Guide to the University
Food
The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the
Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.
Relaxation
The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.
Academic Support
All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30–minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.
5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?
A. Do homework and watch TV.
B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.
C. Have meals and meet with friends.
D. Add money to your ID and play chess.
6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.
B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.
C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your language studies.
D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.
7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?
A. To carry students to the lecture halls.
B. To provide students with campus tours.
C. To take students to the Mattson Center.
D. To transport students to and from the stores.
（C）
Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?
According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.
So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.
Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a
day in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway.
"There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."
If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.
Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.
As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.
Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.
8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that______.
A．the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.
B．people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.
C．being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.
D．the overweight problem has long been studied.
9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means _____.
A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.
B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.
C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.
D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.
10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?
A. It should be treated as a public health problem.
B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.
C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.
D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.
11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.
B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.
C. It’s a rather challenging task for Americans to lose weight.
D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.
12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needs to ___.
A. be taught to prevent gaining weight
B. be educated to lose weight effectively
C. seek help from consumer information
D. know what makes a healthy dinner.
（D）
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree, But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises（妥协）made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong--and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered（束缚）by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. ’The southern states would not have signed the Constitution（宪法）without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
13. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ______.
A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.
B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.
C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. history
D. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.
14. We may infer from the second paragraph that _____.
A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.
C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.
D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.
15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?
A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.
D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.
16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.
B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.
（E）
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may______.
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician。