2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读—科普知识

2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科普知识
01
（2022秋·江苏宿迁·九年级统考期中）Fresh green grass. Hundreds of colorful wild flowers. Water running into little pools. Birds making their homes in boxes. The 9,500-square-metre Augustenborg Botanical Garden may look just like any other well-organized park, but there’s a difference. It lies on the roofs(屋顶) of industrial and office buildings in the city of Malmo in Sweden.
Green roofs are not a new invention. And now they are getting popular again. The common roofs of a mode m city have endless black surfaces(表面) with no life or water. Perhaps that’s why a garden on a roof becomes such a perfect choice for more people.
Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature. The high temperatures on common roofs in summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot. What is more, they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them, causing the “urban heat-island effect”. On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little, as they do in a park. This can greatly cut the costs of heating
and cooling in the building below.
Also, a green roof takes in rain water, and protects the city drainage system(排水系统). ________ And small animals and birds can make their homes on it. Thanks to this, the city may become part of nature, rather than something completely separate from it.
While the cost of building such as roof can still be higher, it can be cheaper in the long term as a result of energy savings. And wouldn’t it be wonderful to be able to walk out into a garden high above the city’s noise and traffic, whether you’re at school or in an office or just at home in a ten-floor block?
1．With the example of Augustenborg Botanical Garden, the writer wants to explain ________.
A．what a green roof is like B．how wildlife is protected
C．what to do with a spare roof D．how to organize a good park
2．The underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “________”.
A．raise B．check C．control D．record
3．Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?
A．A common roof is noisy.B．A green roof is alive.
C．A green roof stops pollution.D．A common roof increases the cost.
4．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．introduce the change of green roofs B．solve the problems with green roofs
C．show the amazing beauty of green roofs D．describe the advantages(优点) of green roofs
02
（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）Chinese researchers reached the top of Qomolangma on May 4, 2022. They set up the world’s highest automatic(自动的) weather station at an altitude(海拔) of 8,830 meters. This helps them to study the influences of climate change on the environment.
It is the highest automatic weather station in the world now. It has taken the place of the station sitting at an altitude of 8,430 meters on the south side of the mountain, which is the second highest now. This allows Chinese
scientists to directly collect data(数据) for the first time from the top of the world’s highest mountain.
Collecting and studying data from Qomolangma is not easy. But the data will give valuable information about the condition of local glaciers(冰川) and mountain snow. It will also help scientists study and understand the global monsoon(季风) system, so experts can make proper decisions about climate change.
Yao Tandong, a famous expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather stations from 5,200 to 8,830 meters above sea level. Half of the stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters. “Along with strong government support and hard work by scientists, China has become a global front-runner in fields such as climate change.” Yao said.
5．What is the altitude of the highest automatic weather station?
A．5,200 meters.B．7,000 meters.
C．8,430 meters.D．8,830 meters.
6．What does the underlined word “It” refer to(指代) in Paragraph 3?
A．Reaching the top of Qomolangma.B．The influences of climate change.
C．The data from Qomolangma.D．The highest automatic weather station.
7．How many weather stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters?
A．Two.B．Four.C．Six.D．Eight.
8．Which statement(陈述) is NOT right according to the passage?
A．Chinese scientists can directly collect data from the top of Qomolangma now.
B．It is hard to collect and study data from Qomolangma.
C．The second highest weather station is on the north side of the mountain.
D．China has made great achievements in fields such as climate change.
9．In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage?
A．Science.B．Sports.C．Travel.D．Health.
03
（2022秋·山东济宁·九年级统考期末）Music plays an important role in the lives of people all over the world. That is why many wonder what influences their tastes in music. Could your music list show something about your personality?
One study by Heriot-Walt University offered a possible answer by an experiment. Here are the results it found: Pop Music. Fans of top 40 pop hits are likely to be outgoing and honest. While pop music lovers are hard-working and have high self-esteem(自尊), researchers suggest that they may be less creative and easy to get worried.
Rap or Hip-Hop Music. People usually believe that rap lovers are more aggressive(好争斗的), but researchers have found no such connection. They say rap fans are likely to have high self-esteem and are usually outgoing.
Rock or Heavy Metal Music. Although sometimes rock or heavy metal music seems aggressive, researchers found that fans of this style of music are usually quite gentle. They can be creative, but are often shy and have low self-esteem.
Classical Music. Classical music lovers are typically shyer but also feel comfortable with themselves and the world around them. They are creative and have a good sense of self-esteem.
Though personality alone does not explain musical preferences, this experiment helps you know yourself and others better.
10．What’s the purpose of the study?
A．To know what kind of music people like most.
B．To tell people the importance of listening to music.
C．To show people which kind of music they should listen to.
D．To test the relationship between a person’s personality and his or her music list.
11．How might a person’s personality be if he or she is a fan of pop music?
A．Quiet and shy.B．Serious and strict.
C．Friendly and polite.D．Outgoing and honest.
12．What kind of music does Mrs. Green like listening to if she feels relaxed about the world around her?
A．Pop music.B．Rock music.C．Classical music.D．Rap music.
13．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Music and hobby B．Music and personality
C．Fans and music D．Researchers and music
04
（2022秋·湖北襄阳·九年级统考期中）My blood type (血型) is AB, which only 7 percent of Chinese have. I always thought it made me special, even though I had no real reason to believe that. But in Japan, blood type is used
We all like to know things about ourselves, and blood type is just another fun way to understand why we do some things. Just have fun with it.
14．Blood type is used to decide one’s personality in ________.
A．Japan B．the USA C．the UK D．India
15．A reporter would be a good job for ________ people.
A．type O B．type AB C．type A D．type B
16．What does the writer think of that blood type is used to decide one’s personality?
A．It’s really true.B．Just have fun with it.
C．Maybe we can take some advice to find a job.D．Believe it or not, it depends on yourself.
05
（2022秋·河南洛阳·九年级统考期中）Have you ever been angry at someone when you were hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry (饿怒)” —some people get angry easily as they are hungry. The reason for this lies in what happens inside your body when it needs food.
Everything you eat would be changed into different kinds of nutrients (营养物质) in your body. These nutrients would enter your blood and be passed to every part of your body and be used for creating energy. As time passes after your last meal, these nutrients in your blood drop. Also, your blood glucose (血糖) drops. Unlike other parts in your body, your brain totally depends on blood glucose to do its job. You’ve probably already noticed that simple things can become difficult when you are hungry and your blood glucose levels drop. You may find it hard to pay attention. For example, you may make silly mistakes in your study and homework. You might also have noticed that you can’t even speak clearly when you’re too hungry.
Another thing that happens when you’re hungry is behaving impolitely and can’t control yourself, such as snapping at others. In that case, even though you may already try your best to avoid conflict (冲突) with important friends, you may still be too angry to control yourself when you are staying with the people you are most relaxed with. That’s why you may find yourself being impatient with your parents or friends.
So what should we do to avoid being hangry? The easiest way is to eat something before you get too hungry. The best choice is to have some nutrient - rich and natural foods that help deal with hunger quickly and can be kept in our body as long as possible, but not fast food. The final way is to suggest that difficult situations should be dealt with after a meal, not before.
17．When does “hangry” usually happen?
A．When the body needs food.
B．When nutrients enter your body.
C．When the blood glucose levels drop.
D．When it’s hard for you to pay attention.
18．What does the underlined words “snapping at” mean in Chinese?
A．称赞B．呵斥C．嘲笑D．帮助
19．Which paragraphs tell the influence of being hangry?
A．①②B．②③C．③④D．④⑤
20．Which is one of the ways to deal with hunger?
A．Eat something after you get too hungry.
B．Stay with people you are most relaxed with.
C．Deal with difficult situations after meals.
D．Eat a little junk food before you are hungry.
21．Who is the text written for?
A．Doctors.B．Teachers.C．Parent.D．Students.
06
（2022秋·山东菏泽·九年级统考期中）Have you ever thought about why you are the way you are? And what does your personality（性格）connect with? Recent research has showed that the position（位置）in which we are born in our family plays a very important role in forming personality.
The eldest child
Being the only child, the eldest enjoys all their parents’ attention. However, new parents usually expect to see their child do well. And the eldest child tries to meet these expectations. As a result, the eldest children are usually
polite and traditional. The problems come with the birth of another child. Suddenly the attention they’re used to receiving becomes weaker. Then, they don’t feel safe and will try to do all they can to make their parents happy.
The second child
The second child has no experience of life without a brother or sister, so they never know how their brothers or sisters feel when they suddenly have to share the attention. The second children are often more outgoing and always looking for ways to get attention. One of the most common ways to achieve this is by making people laugh and the second children are often the jokers of the family. Again, problems can appear when another baby arrives. Suddenly, the second child becomes the middle child and may lose a clear sense（意识）of where they are.
The third child
With the birth of their third baby, parents will often feel this is their last chance to bring up a child. This means the youngest child, more often than not, is spoilt（溺爱）with attention and love. This can lead them to be very self-centered, believing that the world moves around them. They are always treated as the “baby” of the family so they don’t do as well as they could do. They like doing things in unexpected ways, so they are also likely to be creative. 22．What influences people’s personality according to the text?
A．Birth place.B．Birth weight.C．Birth order.
23．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the text?
A．The eldest children.B．The second children.C．The parents.
24．Compared to the first child, the second child is _________ according to the text.
A．more polite and traditional
B．more humorous and outgoing
C．more creative and confident
25．According to the text, if Tom thinks mainly about himself and always has new ideas, he might be _________.
A．the eldest child B．the second child C．the third child
07
（2022秋·山东菏泽·九年级统考期中）
It is said that tea can improve creative power(力量) of the literary(文学的) artists in ancient China.
According to Lu Yu’s Cha Jing, tea-drinking in China can be traced back(追溯) to the Zhou Dynasty—tea was discovered by Shen Nong and became popular as a drink in the State of Lu because of Zhou Gong.
Tea-drinking in China has a long history of four thousand years. As the legend(传说) has it, Shen Nong tasted hundreds of wild plants in order to prevent people from eating the poisonous plants. It is said that he was once poisoned but was saved by eating some leaves of an evergreen(常青的) plant with white flowers. Later, people called the leaves that saved his life “cha”.
In modern times, people still keep tea-drinking as one of their everyday activities. According to the study, tea can also influence some modern illnesses. To those who have to work with computers for a long time, drinking tea can help them to recreate a new balance(平衡) in their bodies. And to those old people, drinking tea is also a good way to make them have a longer life.
26．Tea-drinking in China can be traced back to ________.
A．the Zhou Dynasty B．the Xia Dynasty C．the Tang Dynasty
A．供饮用的B．美味的C．有毒的
28．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．The birth of tea.
B．Tea became popular.
C．Shen Nong was once poisoned.
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Tea can improve creative power of the computer workers in ancient China.
B．Tea became popular as a drink in the State of Lu because of Zhou Gong.
C．People don’t keep tea-drinking as one of their everyday activities.
30．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The legend of Shen Nong.
B．The history of tea-drinking in China.
C．Tea can influence some modern illnesses.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文讲述介绍了绿色屋顶，并介绍了其好处。

1．细节理解题。

根据“It lies on the roofs(屋顶) of industrial and office buildings in the city of Malmo in Sweden.”可知，此处是解释绿色屋顶是什么样子的，故选A。

2．词义猜测题。

根据“On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little”可知，在有植物和水的绿色屋顶上，温度变化很小，所以它能帮助调节温度，故划线部分和control意义相近。

故选C。

3．推理判断题。

根据“And small animals and birds can make their homes on it.”可知，小动物和鸟类可以在上面安家，所以此处是绿色的屋顶是有生命的，选项B“绿色屋顶是有生命的”符合语境。

故选B。

4．主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍绿色屋顶及好处，选项D“描述绿色屋顶的优点”符合主题，故选D。

5．D 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况。

5．细节理解题。

根据“They set up the world’s highest automatic(自动的) weather station at an altitude(海拔) of
8,830 meters.”可知，他们在海拔8830米的地方建立了世界上最高的自动气象站。

故选D。

6．代词指代题。

根据“But the data will give valuable information about the condition of local glaciers(冰川) and mountain snow. It will also help scientists study and understand the global monsoon(季风) system, so experts can make proper decisions about climate change.”可知，这些数据将提供有关当地冰川和高山积雪状况的宝贵信息。

它还将帮助科学家研究和了解全球季风系统，这样专家们就可以对气候变化做出正确的决定。

此处It指的是“这些数据”，故选C。

7．细节理解题。

根据“Yao Tandong, a famous expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather stations from 5,200 to 8,830 meters above sea level. Half of the stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters.”可知，中国科学家已经在海拔5200米到8830米的地方建立了8个气象站，一半的观测站建立在海拔7000米以上的地方，所以是有4个气象站超过7000米。

故选B。

8．推理判断题。

根据“It is the highest automatic weather station in the world now. It has taken the place of the station sitting at an altitude of 8,430 meters on the south side of the mountain, which is the second highest now.”可知，它是目前世界上海拔最高的自动气象站，它取代了位于珠峰南侧海拔8430米的气象站，这是目前海拔第二高的气象站。

选项C“第二高的气象站在山的北侧”表述错误，故选C。

9．推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况，推测可能在科学版块看到这篇文章，故选A。

10．D 11．D 12．C 13．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了音乐偏好和性格之间的关系，并通过实验得出了不同的音乐类型和其对应的性格特点。

10．推理判断题。

根据“Could your music list show something about your personality?”和全文可知，本文主要和音乐偏好和性格之间的关系有关，由此可知这个研究的目的是测试一个人的性格和他或她的音乐列表之间
的关系。

故选D。

11．细节理解题。

根据“Fans of top 40 pop hits are likely to be outgoing and honest.”可知，前40名流行歌曲的粉丝通常都很外向和诚实。

故选D。

12．细节理解题。

根据“Classical music lovers are typically shyer but also feel comfortable with themselves and the world around them.”可知，古典音乐爱好者对自己和周围的世界感到舒适，所以Mrs. Green应该喜欢听古典音乐。

故选C。

13．最佳标题题。

通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了音乐偏好和性格之间的关系，并通过实验得出了不同的音乐类型和其对应的性格特点。

最佳标题应是选项B“音乐和性格”。

故选B。

14．A 15．D 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了四种血型以及具有该血型人的性格特点，适合从事的工作等。

作者认为血型只是另一种有趣的方式来帮助我们了解自己。

14．细节理解题。

根据文章第一段“But in Japan, blood type is used to decide one’s personality.”可知，在日本，血型可以用来决定一个人的性格。

故选A。

15．细节理解题。

根据Type B表格中“Suitable jobs: cook, reporter…”可知，B型血的人适合做厨师，当记者。

故选D。

16．观点态度题。

根据文章最后一段“We all like to know things about ourselves, and blood type is just another fun way to understand why we do some things.”可知，作者认为血型只是另一种有趣的方式来理解我们为什么做一些事情。

选项B“Just have fun with it.”符合语境。

故选B。

17．A 18．B 19．B 20．C 21．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了人们在饥饿时容易发怒的原因，以及这种现象对人们日常生活的影
响和人们的处理方法。

17．细节理解题。

根据第一段“ If so, you’ve experienced...when it needs food.”可知可知情况通常发生在饥饿的时候，也就是身体需要食物的时候。

故选A。

18．词义猜测题。

根据第二段“Another thing that happens...snapping at others.”可知当你饥饿的时候，行为可能会不礼貌，你无法控制自己，会对别人大喊大叫。

选项B“呵斥”表示出发生了冲突。

故选B。

19．细节理解题。

文章第一段引出话题，第二段见识过输了饿怒症的原因和一些症状例子，第三段讲述了这种现象对人们的影响，最后一段是人们的处理方法。

故选B。

20．细节理解题。

根据最后一段“The final way is to suggest...after a meal, not before.”可知在吃完饭，处理比较困难的情况比较好。

故选C。

21．细节理解题。

根据文章第二段“For example, you may make silly mistakes in your study and homework.”可知你会在写作业和学习中犯错，对象应该是学生。

故选D。

22．C 23．B 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍出生顺序不同影响孩子们不同的性格。

22．细节理解题。

根据“Recent research has showed that the position（位置）in which we are born in our family plays a very important role in forming personality.”可知，我们在家庭中出生的位置对性格的形成起着非常重要的作用。

故选C。

23．词句猜测题。

根据“The second child has no experience of life without a brother or sister, so they never know how their brothers or sisters feel when they suddenly have to share the attention”可知，第二个孩子没有兄弟姐妹的生活经验，所以他们永远不知道当他们的兄弟姐妹突然需要分享他们的注意力时是什么感觉。

此处they 指的是第二个孩子，故选B。

24．推理判断题。

根据“The second children are often more outgoing and always looking for ways to get attention.
One of the most common ways to achieve this is by making people laugh and the second children are often the jokers of the family”可知，第二个孩子通常更外向，总是想办法获得关注，并且是家里的‘小丑’。

由此推知第二个孩子是外向且幽默的，故选B。

25．推理判断题。

根据“This can lead them to be very self-centered...so they are also likely to be creative.”可知，第三个孩子非常以自我为中心且很有创造力。

故选C。

26．A 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了茶被发现的过程及茶对人的好处。

26．细节理解题。

根据“According to Lu Yu’s Cha Jing, tea-drinking in China can be traced back(追溯) to the Zhou Dynasty”可知，中国饮茶的历史可以追溯到周朝，故选A。

27．词句猜测题。

根据“As the legend(传说) has it, Shen Nong tasted hundreds of wild plants in order to prevent people from eating the poisonous plants.”可知，神农品尝了数百种野生植物，以防止人们吃到某类植物，不能吃的应该是“有毒的”，故选C。

28．段落大意题。

分析第三段内容，尤其是“Later, people called the leaves that saved his life ‘cha’.”可知，本段主要介绍茶的诞生，故选A。

29．细节理解题。

根据“and became popular as a drink in the State of Lu because of Zhou Gong”可知，由于周公的缘故，它在鲁国成为一种流行的饮料，故选B。

30．主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了茶被发现的过程及茶对人的好处，选项B“中国饮茶的历史”符合主题，故选B。