英语国家概况课程第3次形成性考核答案与讲评

英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题英语国家概况（1）课程第3次形成性考核答案与讲评（Unit 11-20）I. True or False:IrelandUnit 11 Land, People and History(T) 01. When referring to Ireland, people mean either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland,a province of Great Britain. (Unit 11)(F) 02. The area covering the republic of Ireland is ten times of that of Northern Ireland. (Unit 11)The area covering the republic of Ireland is five times of that of Northern Ireland. (T) (T) 03. After the Great Famine, there was a rapid decline of population and many Irish people immigrated to other countries. (Unit 11)(T) 04. The Republic of Ireland is a young country with more than half of the people under the age of 25. (Unit 11)(F) 05. The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean the Republic of Ireland. (Unit 11)The word “Ireland”is used ambiguously to mean both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. (T)Unit 12 Politics and Economy(F) 06. In Ireland, the president is the Head of State and has executive power. (Unit 12)In Ireland, the president is only a symbolic Head of State and does not have executivepower. (T)(T) 07. The Irish Parliament is responsible of making laws, and the Senate only has the power of making recommendations. (Unit 12)(T) 08. The highest in ranking in the Irish legal system is the High Court, which has full jurisdiction and powers in all matters of law. (Unit 12)(T) 09. Ireland has an open and trade-dependent economy. (Unit 12)(F) 10. Ireland joined the EU in 1991. (Unit 12)Ireland joined the EU in 1971. (T)Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now(F) 11. The obvious change over the past decades is the rise of the authority of the RomanCatholic Church in Ireland. (Unit 13)The obvious change over the past decades is the decline of the authority of the RomanCatholic Church in Ireland. (T)(T) 12. The Catholic Church is opposed to abortion and divorce in Ireland. (Unit 13)(F) 13. Traditionally, Ireland was an urban and industrial culture. (Unit 13)Traditionally, Ireland has been a rural and agricultural culture. (T)(T) 14. Today free education provided by the Irish government covers all public universities, as is common in most of the countries of Europe. (Unit 13)(T) 15. After 1960s, the participation in second level education rose from 45% to 90%. (Unit 13) Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts(T) 16. The Great Famine lasted from 1845 to 1848 in Ireland. (Unit 14)(F) 17. Most Irish people now generally speak Irish. (Unit 14)Most Irish people now do not generally speak Irish. (T)(T) 18. Ireland has a traditional culture which has derived from its rich folk heritage. (Unit 14) (F) 19. Ireland is noted for its visual culture compared with its literature and music. (Unit 14)Ireland is not very noted for its visual culture compared with its literature and music. (T) (T) 20. The most natively Irish game or sport is hurling. (Unit 14)AustraliaUnit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming(F) 21. In terms of its size, Australia is the largest continent and the smallest island in the world.(Unit 15)In terms of its size, Australia is the largest island and the smallest continent in the world.(T)(F) 22. Dreaming is shared by all the Australian people about how the features of their land werecreated. (Unit 15)Dreaming is shared by the members of an indigenous group about how the features of their land were created. (T)(T) 23. Dreaming helps the indigenous people to survive in the harsh environment of the desert of Australia. (Unit 15)(T) 24. White sealers and pastoralists exploited the indigenous people’s knowledge of the land and created wealth for the colonizers. (Unit 15)(T) 25. The platypus, the kangaroo, the koala or wombat are animal that are unique to the continent of Australia. (Unit 15)Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today(T) 26. Protestantism has been the most dominant form of religion in Australia since 1788. (Unit16)(T) 27. The Protestant ethic supports the Spirit of Capitalism and furthers its development. (Unit16)(F) 28. The Catholic Church used to be the dominant religion in the better part of Australianhistory. (Unit 16)The Anglican Church used to be the dominant religion in the better part of Australianhistory. (T)(F) 29. The Jewish people have contributed much less than their share to the development ofAustralia society. (Unit 16)The Jewish people have contributed much more than their share to the development ofAustralia society. (T)(F) 30. The fist Muslims who came to Australia were gold diggers. (Unit 16)The fist Muslims who came to Australia were camel drivers. (T)Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”(T) 31. The European settlement in Australia started in 1788 is Sydney. (Unit 17)(F) 32. Convicts’ wives in England were encouraged from following their husband to Australia.(Unit 17)Convicts’ wives in England were discouraged from following their husband to Australia.(T)(T) 33. The convict husbands of free wives could be assigned to work for their own families as ticket-of- leave servants. (Unit 17)(T) 34. Francis Greenaway was an emancipist who designed some fine buildings in Sydney. (Unit17)(F) 35. Mr. Peek’s story shows the scarcity of resources in the colony. (Unit 17)Mr. Peek’s story shows capitalism’s inability to retain labourers. (T)Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society(T) 36. The Australian political system follows the western democratic tradition, reflecting British and North American experience. (Unit 18)(T) 37. It is generally acknowledged that the Prime Minister and the Cabinet at the federal level is the centre of Australian parliamentary power. (Unit 18)(T) 38. Laws of the State should be changed if they don’t agree with the federal laws. (Unit 18) (T) 39. Many migrants poured into Australia during the 1850s. As a result, the Australian population increased by 50% in that decade. (Unit 18)(F) 40. The Governor-General is the real head of the Cabinet in Australia. (Unit 18)The Governor-General is the formal head of the executive branch of the government inAustralia. (T)Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers(T) 41. The Elite Theory mainly focuses on the role of the executive and the citizenry. (Unit 19) (F) 42. Government departments are under the authority of both the elected ministers and theHeads of Department. (Unit 19)Government departments are under the authority of both the elected ministers and thenon-elected Heads of Department. (T)(T) 43. Generally speaking, the public servants of a government department do not change when the government changes. (Unit 19)(F) 44. Whistle-blowers are responsible officials. (Unit 19)Whistle-blowers are responsible citizens who supervise officials. (T)(F) 45. The whistle-blowing syndrome is characterized by a lack of investigation of the complaintsexternally. (Unit 19)The whistle-blowing syndrome is characterized by a lack of investigation of the complaints both internally and externally. (T)Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism(T) 46. Few non-British migrants benefited from assisted migration in Australia. (Unit 20)(F) 47. The Pacific Islanders were abducted to work in the sugar industry of New South Wales.(Unit 20)The Pacific Islanders were abducted to work in the sugar industry of Northern Queensland.(T)(T) 48. The original intention of the massive post-war immigration programme was to keep Australia “white and free”. (Unit 20)(F) 49. The One Nation Party complained that the government had paid too little attention to thewelfare of the indigenous people and the development of Multiculturalism. (Unit 20)The One Nation Party complained that the government had paid too much attention to the welfare of the indigenous people and the development of Multiculturalism. (T)(T) 50. The Gurindji people strike at the Wave Hill cattle station, won support not only from the black community, but the white worker’s union as well. (Unit 20)II. Choose the best answer:IrelandUnit 11 Land, People and History01. It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by ______. (Unit 11) Key DA. the VikingsB. the NormansC. Brian BoruD. Saint Patrick02. In 1541, ______ declared to be the king of Ireland, the first English monarch to do so. (Unit11) Key AA. Henry VIIB. Queen ElizabethC. William of OrangeD. James II03. Arthur Griffith developed a new political party in the period 1905-08 known as ______.(Unit 11) Key CA. Irish Republican BrotherhoodB. United IrishmenC. Sinn FeinD. Home Rule04. In 1916 the Irish V olunteers and the Irish Citizen Army staged a rebellion against British rule,recorded in history as ______. (Unit 11) Key AA. the Easter Rising of 1916B. the Home Rule campaignC. the Fenian MovementD. the national agrarian movement05. After two years of independence war between 1919 and 1921, ______ was signed. (Unit 11)Key AA. the Anglo-Irish TreatyB. the Home Rule billC. the Act of UnionD. the Treaty of IndependenceUnit 12 Politics and Economy06. The daily business of the government is executed by the ______. (Unit 12) Key AA. cabinetB. parliamentC. senateD. Prime Minister07. How long is the office term of the President of Ireland? (Unit 12) Key DA. 4 years.B. 5 years.C. 6 years.D. 7 years.08. How many members does the Senate consist of? (Unit 12) Key BA. 60B. 66C. 106D. 16609. Up until 1970’s the Irish economy was ______. (Unit 12) Key AA. inward-lookingB. trade-dependentC. based on servicesD. based on manufacturing10. Under the constitution, the President of Ireland is elected by ______. (Unit 12) Key CA. the majority of the Parliament and SenateB. the main partyC. direct vote from Irish peopleD. indirect vote from Irish peopleUnit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now11. What is the first official language of the Irish Republic? (Unit 13) Key BA. EnglishB. IrishC. CelticD. Gaelic12. In the past ______ years, Ireland has passed from being a traditional culture to a postindustrial one, without any of the intervening state. (Unit 13) Key CA. 10B. 20C. 30D. 4013. In both Northern Ireland and the Republic, joining the ______ has provided a larger, federalcontext which gives a more generous perspective on particular national difficulties. (Unit 13)Key DA. UKB. UNC. NATOD. EU14. Now about ______ of all children are born to single mothers. (Unit 13) Key BA. halfB. a thirdC. two thirdsD. a quarter15. Where does an Irish meet friends and neighbours on an informal basis? (Unit 13) Key AA. In a public house.B. At home.C. In a restaurant.D. In working place.Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts16. The death blow to the Irish language was ______. (Unit 14) Key CA. the British colonial ruleB. the independence of IrelandC. the Great FamineD. Ireland’s accession to the EU17. The first Irish national state was set up ______. (Unit 14) Key CA. in 1919B. in 1920C. in 1922D. in 194918. In communication, the Irish value ______ most. (Unit 14) Key DA. writingB. gestureC. eye contactD. talk19. In Ireland, writers can publish their works ____. (Unit 14) Key CA. only in IrishB. only in EnglishC. either Irish or EnglishD. neither Irish nor English20. Among the following writers, which is not Irish according to the claim of Ireland? (Unit 14)Key AA. Charles DickensB. Jonathan SwiftC. Bernard ShawD. Oscar WildeAustraliaUnit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming21. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal? (Unit 15) Key AA. Sheep.B. Wombat.C. Koala.D. Kangaroo.22. 80% of Australian’s population lives _____. (Unit 15) Key CA. in the north, east and southwest of the countryB. in the eastern, central and western areas of the countryC. in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the countryD. in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country23. According to the Dreaming, ______. (Unit 15) Key DA. people should exploit the land as much as they canB. the land belongs to people who cultivate itC. the land is the creator of peopleD. people are a part of the land24. When did the British take over the continent of Australia and declare it “terra nullius”? (Unit15) Key DA. In the 15th century.B. In the 16th century.C. In the 17th century.D. In the late 18th century.25. Australia’s practice of racial segregation was similar to that of ______. (Unit 15) Key CA. Portugal and the U.S.B. Holland and South AfricaC. South Africa and the U.S.D. Portugal and HollandUnit 16 Religion in Australia Today26. Which of the following religions has an “electi ve affinity” with capitalism? (Unit 16)Key DA. BuddhismB. JudaismC. IslamD. Protestantism27. Which of the following has the demographic supremacy in Australia today? (Unit 16)Key CA. The Anglican ChurchB. The secularismC. CatholicismD. Buddhism28. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Protestant value system? (Unit 16) Key AA. Self-indulgence.B. Rationalism.C. Asceticism.D. Individualism.29. The relationship between the Dreaming and Protestantism in terms of human-nature relationsis ______. (Unit 16) Key BA. compatibleB. contrastingC. similarD. complementary30. Which of the following was NOT an important force in forming Australian unionism? (Unit16) Key BA. Working class Protestants.B. Fundamentalists.C. Catholics.D. Secularists.Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”31. Which of the following was established as free colony? (Unit 17) Key AA. Western AustraliaB. New South WalesC. TasmaniaD. Queensland32. Emancipists were ______. (Unit 17) Key DA. magistratesB. pastoralistsC. retired officialsD. ex-convicts33. Which of the following became the most successful ex-convict businesswoman? (Unit 17)Key BA. Elizabeth RuseB. Mary ReibyC. Ann EvansD. Margret McDonald34. The Wakefield Scheme was implemented most thoroughly in ______. (Unit 17) Key CA. QueenslandB. New South WalesC. South AustraliaD. Victoria35. The “Currently children” were ______ than their peers in England. (Unit 17) Key DA. weaker and palerB. better educatedC. poorerD. less criminalUnit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society36. Which of the following helped to increase the population of Australia significantly? (Unit18)Key CA. The long wool boom.B. The Second World War.C. The gold rush.D. The minimum wage.37. Which of the following was NOT source of migrants for the post-World War II assistedmigration to Australia? (Unit 18) Key AA. The Middle East.B. BritainC. Southern EuropeD. Eastern Europe38. The rise of the unemployment rate in 1970s was caused by ______. (Unit 18) Key BA. fierce competition between Australian manufacturersB. lowering of the tariff systemC. massive immigration programmeD. control of foreign exchange dealings39. Which of the following has the biggest decline in its share of Australia’s export? (Unit 18)Key BA. The mineral industryB. The rural sectorC. The manufacturing industryD. Higher education40. Which of the following has happened in Australian economy? (Unit 18) Key AA. Tariff rates have loweredB. The centralized wage system have been abolishedC. The foreign exchange markets have been brought under state control.D. Work migration to Australia has been made easier.Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers41. Which of the following is used to describe the mass in the Elite Theory of power? (Unit 19)Key CA. Responsible.B. Well-informed.C. Politically passive.D. Indifferent.42. It was believed before 1980s that ______ should play the central role in the promotion andmaintenance of the social prosperity. (Unit 19) Key AA. the governmentB. the private businessC. the bureaucratsD. the citizens43. What advantage do the Heads of Departments have over the elected ministers? (Unit 19)Key CA. They are free from political power struggle.B. They are better-educated.C. They have the specialist expertise in relevant field.D. They are supported by a large bureaucracy of experts.44. Which of the following describe the changes in ministerial bureaucratic relationships after1980s? (Unit 19) Key BA. Demonisation of the ministerial roles.B. Politicisation of the public service.C. Neutralisation of the bureaucracy.D. Marginalization of the Heads of Department.45. Closer ties between the Government and the Opposition may have negative impact on______. (Unit 19) Key DA. the funding to public serviceB. the relationship between the Government and the OppositionC. the performance of the ParliamentD. the quality of the advice to the governmentUnit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism46. According to the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, all migrants to Australia had to take______. (Unit 20) Key BA. a dictation test in their own languageB. a dictation test in a European languageC. a check of their skin colourD. a physical check47. The preferred migrant groups for the post-World War II immigration programme were ______.(Unit 20) Key DA. the British, northern European and AsianB. the southern and central European and AsianC. the northern, southern and central EuropeanD. the British, northern, southern and central European48. Which of the following groups tends to occupy the lower range of occupation? (Unit 20)Key AA. The Middle Eastern migrants.B. Northern Europeans.C. Asian migrants.D. Australian-born workers.49. Which of the following introduced the power to move aboriginal people away from townsand reserves? (Unit 20) Key AA. The Aboriginal Protection Act 1909.B. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901.C. The Mabo Decision.D. The Wik Decision.50. Which of the following is NOT a critique of Multiculturalism from the left? (Unit 20)Key DA. It has failed to dominance of Anglo-Australians in the political economy.B. It has not eliminated discrimination against refugees in the work force.C. It allows the interests of working class to be overruled by bourgeoisieD. It has caused increasing division in Australian society with policies favoring the migrants. III. E xplain the following terms.IrelandUnit 11 Land, People and History101. Sinn Fein (Unit 11)Sinn Fein is an Irish political party, active especially in Northern Ireland, which wants Northern Ireland to become part of the Republic of Ireland. It is sometimes called the ‘political wing of the IRA”. Sinn Fein was developed by Arthur Griffith in the period 1905-08. From the mid-1990s, Sinn Fein had an active part in the ‘peace process’ (=the attempts to achieve a peaceful solution to the problems of Northern Ireland) under its president Gerry Adams.Unit 12 Politics and Economy102. The Irish Parliament (Unit 12)The Parliament of Ireland is comprised of two houses: the Parliament and the Senate. Government policy and administration may be examined and criticized in both Houses, but under the Constitution the Government is responsible to the Parliament alone.Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now103. The Power of the Catholic Church in Ireland (Unit 13)Irish Catholicism concentrated on what it saw as matters of sexual purity. These attitudes greatly shaped the attitude of the new republic. The Catholic Church exercised a firm hold over educational structures, over hospitals, over the media, and over the way people thought about themselves and their lives, This began to change only after the late 1970s.Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts104. Hurling (Unit 14)This sport is the most natively Irish game. It is played by two teams of fifteen players, with a ball like a hockey ball which is struck by wooden sticks with a curved, rounded end or boss.AustraliaUnit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming105. The Dreaming (Unit 15)The Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together. The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land. The people don’t own the land, instead the land own the people. The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other. They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous can survive in thelife-threatening environment.Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today106. Protestantism in Australia (Unit 16)Protestantism is the most dominant form of religion in modern Australian society. It was the religion of governing colonial class in Australia. It promotes values such as rationalism, individualism, hard work, worldly success and asceticism. Though its values are paradoxical, they fit well with the principles of Capitalism, and support the development of Capitalism.Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”107. Pastoralists (Unit 17)The pastoralists are major landowners. They are usually the magistrates of their local area. They used the legal power as magistrates to force convict labourers to work hard. They built their wealth on the unpaid labour of the convicts. This is why they supported the transportation of convicts to Australia.Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society108. The three-tier system of Australian government (Unit 18)The Australian federation has three tiers in its government: at the federal level, there are the Australian Parliament and the Government. In the second tier are the state governments and their legislatures. In the third tier are the local government bodies at the city, town and shire levels. The Prime Minister and his/her cabinet is the centre of Australian parliamentary power.Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers109. Whistle-blowers (Unit 19)Whistle-blowers are often experts in both senior and lower levels of bureaucracies. They discover in their branch of the organization some problems of corruption and try to expose them.Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism110. Multiculturalism (Unit 20)Multiculturalism was adopted in Australia in 1973. It was comprised of 3 areas of policy: Cultural Identity, which means the right to express and share one’s cultural heritage; Social Justice, the right to get equal treatment and opportunity; and Economic Efficiency, the need to maintain and develop the skills of all Australians regardless of their backgrounds.。