工程设计-飞机设计-流程介绍
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Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 15
8/28/08
Design vs. Systems Engineering
• Systems Engineering is important – deals with connecting requirements to the product – tries to organize the flow of the work – keeps the big picture in mind, considers the entire life cycle • Design – defines what the product that meets the requirements actually is – uses creativity and systematic procedures to produce the product
Analysis Judicial Mind (Left Brain)
Decision Making
Deductive Analytical
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
Source: Nicolai
slide 12
8/28/08
Personal Input in Engineering
Associative Creative Creative Mind (Right Brain) Creative Synthesis Features • no rules • uncritical thinking • irrational • illogical • diverge • alternative • rigid rules • critical thinking • rational • logical • converge • one answer
Most design projects use several of these types of design
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
David G. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process
slide 10
8/28/08
Engineering is Creativity
• Don’t hear: “We Need an Idea” much in class • Ideas and Concepts Count!
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 11
8/28/08
Creativity: Left Brain—Right Brain
(see Sexstone’s Systems Engineering Seminar on the web under this lecture)
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 16
8/28/08
An Engineering Design Approach:
the Pie, with no center
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
From Dr. Bouchard, Lockheed Corp., via Peter Coen, NASA LaRC
slide 6
8/28/08
wk.baidu.com
Aspects of Education:
• Creativity/imagination! • Broad understanding of physical world • Beware of cookbook approach: - understand your concept • Never stop asking questions!
- Legally recognized • patents, recognition for contributions - Glenn Spacht and the X-29
• Also: responsibility for design integrity
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
• evaluate (or define) the requirements – customers/regulations, constraints/performance goals • understand current approaches (what’s done now?) • think of some possible solutions (creativity) • identify a variety of possible concepts (concept generation) • concept evaluation (analysis) • select a preferred concept for development (make a decision) • do the detail design and make a prototype (analysis) • test and evaluate-scrutinize • continually refine the design until it’s a viable product
• Knowledge • Skill • Attitude
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 7
8/28/08
About Design
1. The only way to learn about design is to do design 2. In engineering design, 3 types of knowledge are used, knowledge to: i) generate ideas ii) evaluate ideas iii) structure the design process 3. A design process that produces a quality product can be learned
slide 1
8/28/08
Where we stand now
• • • • • Last time: Broad Overview of the Class HPA and MAV Teams Picked AVID/LU/Int’l team selection in progress Everybody not on these teams does the AIAA Competition 1st Homework due tomorrow - questions?
Up until the 1950s: Team Pioneers, the Central Designer
Aero Structures
1960s early 1970s
Propulsion
Team Controls
the specialty pie
Somebody has to understand late 1970s 1980s How it all fits together! - the Designer
At Kentland Farm, HPA, R/C Model
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 2
8/28/08
Today
• • • • • Discuss teams Talk about the design process A related homework due next Thursday (Sept. 4) Your picture! Watch first 10 minutes: Battle of the X-Planes
slide 14
8/28/08
Good Designs Look Simple
Carelman’s Coffeepot for Masochists
“Well-designed objects are easy to interpret and understand. They contain visible clues to operation. Poorly designed objects can be difficult and frustrating to use.” - Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 9
8/28/08
Types of Design
(ME nomenclature)
• • • • • Selection (“catalog design”) Configuration (assembly of selections) Parametric (how big is the wing?) Original (What AEs call conceptual design) Redesign (new versions, improvements, etc.)
Introduction to the Design Process
• Today: The Engineering Design Process • The next lecture: Airplane Design
W.H. Mason
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
David G. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 8
8/28/08
Design:
• Not a clear-cut or completely rational process
– Despite efforts to formalize: make into a no-think process? – Neat flow charts of steps aren’t real life, still needed as goals – But! Some systematic procedures available
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 4
8/28/08
About Design
“Engineering is in the end about making something.” Covert, MIT
R.T. Jones Famous aerodynamicist
slide 13
8/28/08
It’s not Pure Chaos, There is a Framework
• Like composing music, a structure helps - we will tell you how - you will practice
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
NASA Ames - 1979
Today: DARPA
A supersonic concept driven by physics
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 5
8/28/08
A little history: What about the entire design?
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 3
8/28/08
A Key Thought on Design - A Repeat
You may never design an airplane, but: • “shaping up” the problem, figuring out the right questions • collecting the key information • making quantitative/qualitative trade studies - pro/con tables with quantitative ranking - carpet plots/parametric analysis • using engineering-based analysis to make decisions • recognizing social, legal and financial considerations • selecting and refining the preferred concept These are universally valuable, this is engineering Typically taught only in design.
slide 15
8/28/08
Design vs. Systems Engineering
• Systems Engineering is important – deals with connecting requirements to the product – tries to organize the flow of the work – keeps the big picture in mind, considers the entire life cycle • Design – defines what the product that meets the requirements actually is – uses creativity and systematic procedures to produce the product
Analysis Judicial Mind (Left Brain)
Decision Making
Deductive Analytical
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
Source: Nicolai
slide 12
8/28/08
Personal Input in Engineering
Associative Creative Creative Mind (Right Brain) Creative Synthesis Features • no rules • uncritical thinking • irrational • illogical • diverge • alternative • rigid rules • critical thinking • rational • logical • converge • one answer
Most design projects use several of these types of design
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
David G. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process
slide 10
8/28/08
Engineering is Creativity
• Don’t hear: “We Need an Idea” much in class • Ideas and Concepts Count!
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 11
8/28/08
Creativity: Left Brain—Right Brain
(see Sexstone’s Systems Engineering Seminar on the web under this lecture)
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 16
8/28/08
An Engineering Design Approach:
the Pie, with no center
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
From Dr. Bouchard, Lockheed Corp., via Peter Coen, NASA LaRC
slide 6
8/28/08
wk.baidu.com
Aspects of Education:
• Creativity/imagination! • Broad understanding of physical world • Beware of cookbook approach: - understand your concept • Never stop asking questions!
- Legally recognized • patents, recognition for contributions - Glenn Spacht and the X-29
• Also: responsibility for design integrity
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
• evaluate (or define) the requirements – customers/regulations, constraints/performance goals • understand current approaches (what’s done now?) • think of some possible solutions (creativity) • identify a variety of possible concepts (concept generation) • concept evaluation (analysis) • select a preferred concept for development (make a decision) • do the detail design and make a prototype (analysis) • test and evaluate-scrutinize • continually refine the design until it’s a viable product
• Knowledge • Skill • Attitude
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 7
8/28/08
About Design
1. The only way to learn about design is to do design 2. In engineering design, 3 types of knowledge are used, knowledge to: i) generate ideas ii) evaluate ideas iii) structure the design process 3. A design process that produces a quality product can be learned
slide 1
8/28/08
Where we stand now
• • • • • Last time: Broad Overview of the Class HPA and MAV Teams Picked AVID/LU/Int’l team selection in progress Everybody not on these teams does the AIAA Competition 1st Homework due tomorrow - questions?
Up until the 1950s: Team Pioneers, the Central Designer
Aero Structures
1960s early 1970s
Propulsion
Team Controls
the specialty pie
Somebody has to understand late 1970s 1980s How it all fits together! - the Designer
At Kentland Farm, HPA, R/C Model
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 2
8/28/08
Today
• • • • • Discuss teams Talk about the design process A related homework due next Thursday (Sept. 4) Your picture! Watch first 10 minutes: Battle of the X-Planes
slide 14
8/28/08
Good Designs Look Simple
Carelman’s Coffeepot for Masochists
“Well-designed objects are easy to interpret and understand. They contain visible clues to operation. Poorly designed objects can be difficult and frustrating to use.” - Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 9
8/28/08
Types of Design
(ME nomenclature)
• • • • • Selection (“catalog design”) Configuration (assembly of selections) Parametric (how big is the wing?) Original (What AEs call conceptual design) Redesign (new versions, improvements, etc.)
Introduction to the Design Process
• Today: The Engineering Design Process • The next lecture: Airplane Design
W.H. Mason
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
David G. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 8
8/28/08
Design:
• Not a clear-cut or completely rational process
– Despite efforts to formalize: make into a no-think process? – Neat flow charts of steps aren’t real life, still needed as goals – But! Some systematic procedures available
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 4
8/28/08
About Design
“Engineering is in the end about making something.” Covert, MIT
R.T. Jones Famous aerodynamicist
slide 13
8/28/08
It’s not Pure Chaos, There is a Framework
• Like composing music, a structure helps - we will tell you how - you will practice
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
NASA Ames - 1979
Today: DARPA
A supersonic concept driven by physics
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 5
8/28/08
A little history: What about the entire design?
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
slide 3
8/28/08
A Key Thought on Design - A Repeat
You may never design an airplane, but: • “shaping up” the problem, figuring out the right questions • collecting the key information • making quantitative/qualitative trade studies - pro/con tables with quantitative ranking - carpet plots/parametric analysis • using engineering-based analysis to make decisions • recognizing social, legal and financial considerations • selecting and refining the preferred concept These are universally valuable, this is engineering Typically taught only in design.