安徽省马鞍山市高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练(6)

马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（6）及答案
Mini Book Excerpts（节选）
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle-aged
writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J. D. Salinger: A Life by Kenneth Slawenski (Random House,$27)
Mystery（疑案小说）
"You're a smart boy. Benny's death was no accident, and you're the only one who
saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it?" The boy was staring
stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occurred to Annika, "Did you …You recognized the man in the
car, didn't you?"
The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers, "Maybe," he said quietly.
Red Wolf by Liza Marklund(Atria Books, $25. 99)
Short Stories
She wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class. Some women
are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are
born to give, and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want
to be from their mothers, some who they don't want to be. Some mothers suffer so
their da ughters won't. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t.
You Are Free by Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books,$15）
Humor
Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids
having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times’s “amusement cycling” is the most
fun you can have in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying
to Disney World when you can spend less than half to that within a day's drive in
most cities?
Happy And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle（Ecco,$14. 99）
64. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book
published by _______.
A. Ecco
B. Atria Books
C. Riverhead Books
D. Random House
65. The book Happy And Other Bad Thoughts is intended fo r .
A. young children
B. Disney World workers
C. middle school teachers
D. parents with young children
66. Which book describes women with characters of their own?
A. Happy And Other Bad Thoughts
B. J. D. Salinger: A Life[2
C. You Are Free
D. Red Wolf
67. After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that .
A. the boy helped arrest the murderer
B. Benny died of an accident
C. the murderer got away with the crime
D. Annika carried out the crime
参考答案64-67 DDCA
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Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may well be successful at work and in love.
But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to obtain a new job，another chance will come around soo n), Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams in your face. That's bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists (悲观者）have suspected all along. It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider
everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation’s outcom es is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better. ”
So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on a date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” and “ Don’t count your chickens until they hatch. “ To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says, ”Confidence is what you have before yo u understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
68. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A book that has recently been published.
B. The dangers of being too optimistic.
C. The benefits of defensive pessimism.
D. How to become successful in life.
69. The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science” in paragraph 4 means _________.
A. the cos t is not so high
B. there is no real proof
C. it’s not a dangerous thing to do
D. it is quite simple to understand
70. The writer would probably describe himself as_____.
A. an optimist
B. a realist
C. a defeatist
D. a scientist
71. Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?
A. “Every cloud has a silver lining.”
B. “The glass is half full not half empty.”
C. “Whatever will be, will be.”
D. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”
参考答案68-71 CDBD
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In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.
Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livable communities.
Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensate fairly for food producers' work.
The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.
However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the food industry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices like inefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional, but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts to oversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.
“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainabl y, allows consumers to reduce the impact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need to change our food system，” said David Prior, organizer
of Slow Food Nation Eat­In. “Our current food system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has the right to nutritious food.”
72. The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.
A. why slow food is so important
B. the food and wine culture is rich in Italy
C. what you're eating always travels a long way
D. slow food makes the current food system sick
73. According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________.
A. measures of environmental protections
B. ways to establish healthy and livable communities
C. people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth
D. actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment
74. Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.
A. improving the quality of eaters' life
B. providing a fair pay for food workers
C. being friendly to human and environmental health
D. developing a loose relationship with food producers
75. What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system?
A. Suspicious.
B. Unsatisfied.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
参考答案 72-75 ADDB
动词和动词词组
自我检测
1. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak English.
A. breaking down
B. going over
C. taking off
D. giving away
2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.
A. standing by
B. turning on
C. getting on
D. running on
3. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?
A. spent
B. paid
C. charged
D. offered
4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.
A. switched; on
B. kicked; up
C. turned; over
D. took; on
5. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled
B. confused
C. disturbed
D. puzzled
6. — So, how is your new roommate ?
— She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.
A. turns me over
B. turns me down
C. turns me off
D. turns me out
7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.
A. hold down
B. hold up
C. hold back
D. hold out
8. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?
—I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.
A. is against
B. opposes
C. objects
D. explains
9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______.
A. go out
B. go off
C. go without
D. go through
10. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in
a large profit to the cinema.
A. appreciated
B. enjoyed
C. won
D. seized
11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have ______ to the people present to be a silly old man.
A. appeared
B. pretended
C. shown
D. thought
12. Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent”the light bulb (灯泡), but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known.
A. improved upon
B. take down
C. put up
D. break away
13. You’d better ______ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down.
A. add
B. fill
C. fill in
D. put
14. After retirement, Mr. Smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for.
A. took up
B. got up
C. help up
D. looked up
15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____.
A. gave; away
B. tuned; down
C. showed; out
D. shut; off
答案与解析
1、A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。

Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习； take off脱下，起飞；give away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。

2、A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。

stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动；待机；turn on 打开；get on进展；run down 撞倒。

根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。

3、D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。

Charge(收费)不符合题意。

抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮A、B两项不合常理。

4、C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。

turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑；switch on把开关打开；kick up引起；take on呈现、雇用、承担。

5、C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。

因此选择C项。

6、C turn sb.over :把……移交，把……交给；turn sb. down:拒绝；turn sb.off :
使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。

根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。

7、C hold down压制，限制；hold up推迟，耽搁；hold back阻挡，抑制；hold out 提供，提出。

句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。

由此可知答案为C项。

8、C前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。

但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。

前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。

D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。

9、C go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without 忍受某事物的缺乏。

句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。

10、B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。

Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。

句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。

11、A 句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。

解题的关键在于是否能将to the people present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the people)准确地分离出来。

12、A句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。

Improve on/upon超过，改进；take down把……拆卸开；put up张贴，搭建；break away摆脱。

13、D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。

比较下列句子：You’d better put some hot water into the bottle. You’d better add some hot water to the c old water .You’d better fill the bottle with some hot water.
14、A句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。

take up: begin to spend time doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get up起床，起立;hold up推迟；look up查找、改善。

15、A 句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。

Give away: reveal露出了马脚；turn sb .down 拒绝；show sb.out带某人出去；shut sb.off 使隔绝。

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