深圳牛津版英语七年级下册知识必背unit 4

深圳牛津版英语七年级下册知识必背unit 4
一、单词拓展及同义词：
1. save v. 拯救 = rescue v 营救；拯救；节省【拓】safety /safe /safely
【搭】1）save one’s life 救命、拯救生灵
2. discuss v. 讨论= talk about 谈论【拓】discussion n 讨论，商讨
【搭】discuss with sb. 与……商讨（=have a discussion with）discuss in groups 分组讨论
3. branch n. 树枝；分公司；分店；分行branches
4. fight v. 与…作斗争fight-fought-fought 【搭】fight against 与……做斗争
fight for 为……而斗争，为……而战【变】fighter n. 战士
5. against prep. 反对【搭】act against 违反strongly against 强烈反对
【拓】(1) 表示“靠，椅”
Eg: Many people are against the wall.
(2) 表示“防止；预防”
Eg: Have you had an injection（注射剂）against the disease?
6. example n. 例子【搭】set an example to sb. 给某人树立一个榜样
for example=for instance 例如【辨】for example, such as, like
7. harmful adj. 有害的【变】harmless adj. 无害的，无危险的harm v./n. 伤害；损害【搭】be harmful to = do harm to=be bad for 【反】be good for 对…有好处
8. produce v. 生产；产生【变】product n. 产品，制品production n. 生产
produce、product和production的区别
produce多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。

product一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品。

production含义广泛，不同场合有不同的意思，可表示“产品，产物”，尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。

9. major adj. 主要的v. 主修, 专攻= main adj.主要的majority n.大多数
10. convenient adj. 方便的【变】inconvenient adj.不方便的convenience n. 方便
It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.
11. imagine v. 想像，设想【搭】imagine doing sth.【变】imagination n. 想像力；想像imaginative adj. 富于想像力的
12. disease n. 疾病= illness = sickness
13. dig v.挖过去式dug, v-ing：digging 【搭】dig a hole
14. in fact 确切地说= actually = as a matter of fact
15. gas 气体复数：gases
16. container n. 容器contain v. 包括，包含= include
17. furniture 家具不可数a set of furniture 一套家具
二、词组以及拓展：
1. take in 吸收= absorb; accept 【拓】关于take的短语：
take away 拿走，拿去，使离开
take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)
take care 小心, 注意
take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张
take part in… 参加…
2. millions of 数以百万计单位词：hundred百, thousand千, million百万, billion十亿
用法：表示具体数量，前有数字，后不用复数；表示不确定数量，前无数字，后用复数，且跟of
3. 与look有关的短语
look around 环顾四周
look after 照顾，照料，关心；
look at 看，注视；
look back 回顾，回想
look down on /upon 看不起，瞧不起；
look for 寻找；
look forward to 期待，盼望；
look like 看起来像；
look up（in a dictionary）查阅，查找………
4. be made … 由….制成
be made of sth. 由… 制成(制成品能看出原材料，发生了物理变化)
be made from 由… 制成（制成品看不出原材料，发生了化学变化）
be made up of由…构成、一般是多种构成。

be made into 被制成……
be made in+产地由……地方生产
5. know/ learn about 了解；学到
6. in our daily lives 在我们日常生活中
7. cut down 砍倒
8. living things 生物；有生命事物
9. as a result 结果是
10. discuss = talk about = talk…over 讨论；商讨
11. provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物
三、句型结构
1. keep / make … adj. 使…keep clean make the room beautiful
2. want to do sth = would like to do sth = feel like doing sth 想要做某事
3. stop doing sth 停止做某事
4. stop to do sth 停下来去做另件事
5. help sb （to）do sth 帮助某人做某事
四、语法：现在进行时态&过去进行时态
1. 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。

过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

也可表示过去某阶段在进行的动作。

2. 标志(时间)词: 现在进行：
now= at the moment = at present提示词: Look Listen Be quiet
过去进行：at 7 p.m. yesterday/last Monday
From 8 a.m.to 10 a.m. last Sunday
3、进行时态构成：主语+ be动词现在式（am、is、are/was，were）+v-ing
4、现在进行时的几种句型：
（一）陈述句（肯定句、否定句）
肯定句：主语＋be + 现在分词
否定句：主语＋be + not + 现在分词
（二）一般疑问句；（变疑问句将be动词移到句首主语前）
Be+ 主语＋现在分词Is Tom working? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
（三）特殊疑问句
疑问词＋be ＋主语＋现在分词
例: They are playing football on the playground now.
否定句: They aren't playing football on the playground now.
一般问句: Are they playing football on the playground now?
特殊问句: What are they doing on the playground now?
附:动词的现在分词的构成规则(v.-ing)
1、一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook→cooking、read→reading、look→looking
2、以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make→making, have→having、write→writing
3、以一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加- ing: run→running, stop→stopping、swim→swimming、sit→sitting、begin→beginning
以y或w结尾的动词,直接加-ing: play→playing fly→flying throw→throwing
但die (死) →dying lie(躺;说谎) →lying tie(系;捆) →tying fix→fixing
五、写作指导作文范文：
（一）Save the trees
Trees are our best friends on Earth. They produce oxygen for us to breathe, and they take in waste gas from cars and other harmful gases from the air.
Trees also make our lives more comfortable and convenient. Look around and you will find that a lot of products are made of wood.
However, trees are now in danger. People cut down millions of trees every year. Can you imagine the world without trees? In fact, if we don’t start protecting them from now on, we’ll soon lose our friends, the trees.
（二）Trees are our good friends
Trees are very important in our daily life. They are our good friends.
Trees keep the air cool and clean, they take in harmful gases from the air and produce oxygen for us to breathe. They are major fighters against air pollution and make cities beautiful.
Trees make our lives more convenient. They provide a lot of useful things for people, such us paper, food and oil. Trees also stop water and soil from going away.
In a word, we can’t live without trees. We should stop cutting down millions of trees every year. We should plant more trees and take care of them.
Tree Planting Day
Yesterday it was March 12 --- Tree Planting Day. We went to the hill to plant tress with our teachers. There we learned how to plant trees. We also learned a lot about plants. For example, trees can help clean the air. They give us food, such as apples, oranges, grapes, peached and pears. People and other animals need them to live. We planted a lot of trees yesterday. We were very tired, but we felt very happy.。