Unit4知识归纳牛津译林版八年级英语下册

Unit4知识点归纳
一．重点单词、短语、句子
icReading
1.Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?(P48)
(1)拓展：what to do with sth =_______________________________
Eg: 你应当在如何处理这件事上作个决定。

______________________________________________________________________
2.I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.(P48)
(1) “have to”有时态的变化,客观意义上的“不得不”,否定形式用于“must”的否定回答。

Eg:因为糟糕的天气，我不得不随身带上雨伞。

_____________________________________________________________________.
(2) “reach”,意为“够得着，伸手取”，及物动词。

意为“到达，抵达”时，自我回顾。

3.What do you like to read in your spare time? (P49)
(1)“spare”作形容词，意为“空闲的，多余的”，常用短语：__________________________
“spare”作动词，意为“分出，腾出”常用的结构:_____________________________________ Eg: It is the most time I can spare ___________(help) you.
Jack spends as much time as he can spare ___________(play) puter games.
4.After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.(P50)
(1)补充：crash意为“猛撞，撞击”，常用短语：_______________ 撞毁，撞上
(2)against 意为“紧靠，碰，撞”, 更重要的含义：反对，不同意，对抗，对立
常用的结构：反对做某事________________________, 和…对抗_____________________ Eg: 如果你做违法犯罪的事，迟早你会受到惩罚。

_______________________________________________,_________________________
you will be punished.
5.By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.(P50)
(1)“by the time”引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……为止，等到”,主从句时态根据语境。

Eg: By the time we ____________(get) on the bus and wait for it to start. (在这时) By the time the teacher came in , we had started speaking English.(在…之前)
(2)补充: _______________________________________________________________.
Eg: If you are tired of doing something, it’s easy for you to feel tired out.
6.My arms , legs and hair were tied to the ground! (P50)
(1) “were tied to”为被动语态，被动语态的基本结构：be动词+过去分词
(2)“tie”作及物动词时，基本结构：把…绑到…上面_________________________
作不及物动词时，基本结构：捆起来______________________
7.He was the same size as my little finger.(P50)
(1)回顾: =_____________________________________=_______________________________
(2)据说火星上的岩石是地球上的两倍大.
It says that the rocks on Mars ___________________________________________________.
8.continue(P51)
(1)基本结构: 中止了一段时间后接着做同一件事__________________________
做完一件事后接着做另一件事____________________________ Eg: Jack下定决心毕业后继续深造。

_________________________________________________________________________
9.I did not know what to say either.(P51)
(1)主要考点：1.either, 用作副词，意为“也”,常用于否定句中。

2. either, 用作代词，意为“两者之一”，常与of连用，作主语，三单。

3. either, 用作形容词，意为“两者中任何一个”,修饰名词,前面不能加任何词
4. either, 用作连词，常用结构：either…or…,谓语动词单复数遵循“就近原则”
Eg: ①You can see many tall buildings___________________________.(在路的任何一边)
②You can take ___________of them and the other one will be given to your sister.
10.琐碎知识拾遗: 勉强完成(强调结果)_____________________________,
尽力去做(不强调结果)___________________________
举起来____________________________
一群______________________________
GrammarTask
1.Gulliver found himself unable to move.(P52)
(1)基本结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语，当不定式短语作find的宾语时，用it作形式宾语
此类词还有: think , keep , make 等.
Eg: 我发现细心处理好每件事很重要。

______________________________________________________________________
(2)find后接宾语补足语的其他形式：
①名词作宾补: The teacher finds him a very clever boy.
②现在分词/过去分词作宾补: Herry found the lock broken when he got home.
③介词短语作宾补: The day I got back, I found a note on my desk.
2.Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.(P54)
(1)温顾与补充: 此处wonder的含义相当于短语________________
其他含义: The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.( )
The wondered to see the man there. They thought he had gone to Wuxi.( ) 常用句型：我想知道他是否已经泄密了。

__________________________________________________________________
3.Mr Wu advised us which to choose as afterschool activities.(P54)
(1)回顾: 建议做某事/ 某人做某事______________________________________________
给…关于…的一些建议______________________________________ Eg: 老师建议我们不要把所有时间都放在学习上。

The teacher _____________________________________________________________.
4.结合运用: 为了保护传统文化，中国政府拒绝将《论语》译成日文。

_____________________________________________________《The Analects of Confucius》_________________________________________________traditional culture.
5.a great success(P57)
(1)名词形式success, 作可数名词时，意为“成功的人或事”，常用短语：取得成功___________
作不可数名词时，常用短语：在…取得成功___________________.
动词原形succeed, 基本结构：在…方面成功____________________________
形容词形式:____________, 在…是成功的_________________________________
Eg: ( )_________ meeting held last night was _________ great success.
A. A, such
B. The, so
C. The , such a
D. A, so a
6.回顾：at a time ____________ at times____________ all the time ______________
the first time _________________ for the first time _________________
7.a young boy who sailed the sea to look for hidden treasure(P59)
(1)此句是由特殊疑问词引导的定语从句，句中的who sailed the sea作定语修饰a young boy
定语从句的关系代词：that , which , who
Eg: 那个刚刚在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。

_______________________________________________________________________.
(2)注意：过去分词可作定语来修饰名词。

发达的国家_____________________ the risen sun ______________________
8.His story gave me a lot of confidence.(P59)
(1)confidence 作名词，意为“信心”，为不可数名词。

Eg: 自信是迈向成功的第一步。

______________________________________________________________________.
(2)补充：形容词形式confident , 重要结构: 对某人有信心____________________________
对做某事有信心__________________________
9.I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future. (P59)
(1)意为“___________”可数，意为“___________”不可数，经验丰富的__________________
Eg: He is an ____________teacher with forty years’_____________ of teaching English. He often shares his ____________ abroad with us excitedly.
10.结合运用：I _________________________________________________(写作业时有个坏习惯). I either listen to
music or eat some snacks. The MP4 and snacks are so attractive that I can’t stop taking them. I don’t think
it is bad for my study but it really wastes my time. So I have to give up them because of the torture form my
parents. ______________________________________(为了开创美好的未来)，I have decided that I will
finish my homework at school as soon as possible and then I will have enough time for my music and
snacks.
一、单项填空（15%）
( )1.They _______ the train until it disappeared (消失) in the distance (在远处).
A. saw
B. watched
C. noticed
D. realized
( )2.He will use what he has _______ her a new dress. Her birthday is ing.
A. bought
B. to buy
C. buying
D. been bought
( )3.The old lady didn’t know _______ when the house caught fire.
A. how to do with it
B. how to do
C. what to do
D. what to do it
( )4.He _______ until it began to rain.
A. didn’t stop working
B. didn’t stop to work
C. stopped to work
D. stopped working
( )5.—_______ they _______ the book _______ to the library yet?
—Yes, they have.
A. Have; returned; /
B. Have; returned; back
C. Did; return; /
D. Did; return; back
( )6.Don’t try to do everything at once. Take it a bit _______.
A. at times
B. at that time
C. at all times
D. at a time
( )7.—Be careful! A car may hit you.
—Thank you! I _______ I _______ so close to the road.
A. didn’t know; am standing
B. don’t know; am standing
C. didn’t know; was standing
D. didn’t know; would stand
( )8.—You’d better ask Mr Wang for help when _______ problems.
—I see, but I’m not sure when _______ time.
A. you have; having
B. having; he has
C. to have; he has
D. to have; having
( )9.—_______ I wash the clothes now?
—No, you _______. You _______ clean the room first.
A. Must; don’t have to; may
B. Must; needn’t to; must
C. Must; mustn’t; can
D. Shall; may; may
( )10.( ) 10. Mary didn’t know who _______ the problem she met with at that time.
A. to talk about
B. to talk to about
C. will take to about
D. will to talk
( )11.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room _______.
A. to send it to
B. to send it
C. it to send
D. it send to
( )12.The _______ woman _______ Shanghai since her husband died in 1990.
A. lonely; has gone to
B. alone; has left
C. lonely; has been in
D. alone; has been to
( )13.—Is Mrs Liu a teacher with a lot of teaching _______ ?
—Yes, she is. But she had some bad _______ at the beginning.
A. experiences; experience
B. experience; experiences
C. experience; experience
D. experiences; experiences
( )14.Before _______ the medicine (药), _______ should study the instructions or follow the doctor’s _______ .
A. you take; you; advise
B. you take; one; advice
C. taking; one; advice
D. taking; you; advise
( )15.—Bob called to say wele back.
—Really? _______.
A. It’s OK
B. You’re wele
C. Thanks for telling me
D. It doesn’t matter
二、完形填空（10%）
Several years ago, I was waiting at a train station in Amsterdam. I saw a young homeless man 1 people for money so that he could buy breakfast. Most of the 2 simply took no notice of the young man or gave him a dirty look. There was an exception (例外): an older, welldressed lady. When the young homeless man moved 3 this lady, she turned and looked straight into his eyes and 4 asked, “How much do you need?” I couldn’t hear what the young man said but watched 5 the old lady pulled several dollars from her purse and 6 them in the young man’s hands.
I don’t know if the young man used this money for breakfast or for some other purpose. What I do know is that I saw two pletely different reactions (反应) to the same 7 . I saw people who were either afraid or angry or distrustful (猜疑
的). And then I saw this old lady who 8 the homeless man as her brother. I decided then and there that, even though (虽然) we have to be 9 in this world, I would rather (宁愿) be like her.
Every day may bring us many chances for 10 . The key is to do it or not.
( )16.( ) 1. A. asking B. calling C. leaving D. helping
( )17.( ) 2. A. guests B. friends C. neighbours D. travelers
( )18.( ) 3. A. from B. after C. before D. over
( )19.( ) 4. A. softly B. sadly C. loudly D. hopefully
( )20.( ) 5. A. because B. if C. as D. since
( )21.( ) 6. A. checked B. put C. covered D. threw
( )22.( ) 7. A. information B. report C. situation D. programme
( )23.( ) 8. A. ordered B. treated C. gave D. remended
( )24.( ) 9. A. famous B. active C. careful D. useful
( )25.( ) 10. A. sadness B. happiness C. fitness D. kindness
三、阅读理解
Many Chinese people who have been to the United States think that Americans pay a little part of their money for food each day. Yet, in the latest 13 years, food prices have gone up 30% for most American families. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But who is really responsible（有责任的）?
Many people say the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, and eggs are responsible. But farmers say that the rise in food prices is very small pared to (和…相比) the rise in their cost of living. Farmers think middlemen（中间人）have got much more money than they do. Middlemen are those people who stand between the farmers and the people who buy and eat the food. For example, truck drivers, owners of food stores and so on. Are middlemen really responsible for higher food prices?
Economists（经济学家）d on’t think so. They have found that the money that meat packers（包装商）and food stores get is less than 1% in all. They say that food costs more now because modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They have less time for cooking after a day’s work. They like to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. They want to buy many kinds of food that can be put on their dining tables easily and quickly. But of course they must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make their work easier.
It seems that the answer to the question of rising prices is not an easy one. Quite a number of people share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.
1.Farmers speak for themselves because _____.
A. the middlemen have had the biggest share of profit（利润）
B. the cost of their products have risen sharply too
C. their cost of living has gone up a lot, too
D. they’ve got very little in the rise of food prices
2.Economists blame (责怪) _____.
A. farmers
B. middlemen
C. housewives
D. storeowners
3.What’s the writer’s opinion (观点)?
A. He agrees with the economists.
B. He doesn’t think farmers are responsible.
C. He thinks the middlemen might get a lot of profit.
D. He thinks all those people should be
responsible.
4.The underlined sentence means the food prices have gone up _____.
A. quickly and carefully
B. suddenly and greatly
C. clearly and naturally
D. angrily and seriously
5.Which of the following is a middleman?
A. A farmer
B. A shopkeeper
C. A housewife
D. An economist
四、词形变化（5%）
1.Why not learn _______________ (cook) with me at my uncle’s restaurant?
2.At the end of the story, the professor came back from some _______________ (hide) hole.
3.I am going to stay with a _______________ (France) family during my study in Paris.
4.Mo Yan is one of the most famous _______________ (write) in China.
5.When he woke up, he found himself tied to a tree, _______________ (able) to move.
五、根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式（10%）
1.We can learn a lot of ________________ (知识) in class if we listen carefully.
2._______________ (管理) a pany is much harder than you think.
3.What he did really ________________ (感动) us a lot.
4.Don’t give up. I’m sure your hard work will lead to _______________ (成功).
5.Amy doesn’t like wearing the blue sweater. Annie doesn’t like it, _______________ (也).
6.The English book was so popular that 20,000 _______________ (册) were sold out in a week.
7.It’s the _______________ (丑陋的) city I have ever seen in this beautiful country.
8.The old man put a bag of rice on his right _______________ (肩膀) and left the shop.
9.Nobody could understand why he _______________ (拒绝) to accept the invitation (邀请).
10.The driver drove _______________ (碰，撞) the wall carelessly and broke his new car.
六、动词填空（10%）
1.I ______________ (interview) more than ten businessmen so far.
2.Many businessmen _______________ (donate) money to help the people in Japan rebuild their homes after the
earthquake the year before last.
3.What great fun it is _______________ (see) so many beautiful butterflies!
4.You _______________ (drive). Don’t talk on the mobile phone.
5.Li Ping is asking his uncle, an English teacher, __________ (help) him think of a foreign name.
6.—Look! Someone _______________ (clean) the sofa.
—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
7.Everyone should know how _______________ (save) themselves when a fire breaks out.
8._______________ you _______________ (hear) from your parents recently? I miss them very much as well.
9.Please keep warm. The temperature ________________ (drop) a little tomorrow morning.
10.The old man had to continue ________________ (work) to support his family after he retired (退休).。