Unit+1+词汇+语法(一般过去时)2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
词汇篇
知识梳理：
1、复合不定代词：由some-，any-，every-，no-与-one，-body，-thing构成的代词称为符合不定代词。

这些词在句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等.复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
-one-body-thing
Some- someone somebody something
Any- anyone anybody anything
Every- everyone everybody everything
No- No one nobody nothing
①有body和one的只用来指人，可互换。

Somebody/someone has left his/their handbag .
①有thing的只用来指事物
Everything is ready,isn’t it?
① somebody，someone，something用于肯定句，anything，anyone，anybody用于否定句，疑问句.当some-一类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，往往表示希望对方给予肯定的答复，表示肯定的意义。

If you don’t know the answer,ask somebody/someone else.
I seem not to have remembered anything that just happened.
Can someone come over and do me a favor?
① anything表示“任何事物，无论何事（物）”, anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，他们可以用于肯定句中。

If anybody calls, tell him I’m out,but take down his name and phone number.
①复合不定代词后加’s 构成所有格
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
①复合不定代词后常加else，表示“另外...的”。

Everybody else but me agreed to their suggestion.
2.something、anything、nothing、everything+形容词，例如：something special
3、特殊用法
Somebody，anybody可指一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位的人或默默无闻的人物；something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。

The grand bridge is really something.
注意：
（1）、Everyone与every one 的区别
Everyone“每个人、人人”，只可指人；every one 指“每个”、“个个”，既可以指人，也可以指物。

Everyone 不可以与of短语，但是every one 后可加of短语。

Anyone和any one 的用法与everyone every one用法相似。

Every one of us objected to the new plan.
（2）、everything，everyone，everybody的肯定和否定，三个词常用于肯定句，用于否定句时常表示部分否定，完全否定用nobody，no one，none，nothing。

Not everything that you possess is the best.
No one, nobody, none, nothing用在疑问句中：这四个词引起的疑问句，所期待的回答通常是“no”。

Is there nothing serious?
No, nothing at all.
（3）拓展：something构成的习惯用法
Something like 大约，左右
Something of 有几分
or something（放在名词后，表示没有把握）诸如此类，或什么的。

3.quite和very的区别
①quite+a/an, a/an+very
It it quite a cold day.
It’s a very good idea.
①quite可以修饰a lot, a few , a little ,a bit,不能用very,very可以修饰few,little.
Quite a few people have caught cold in such bad weather.
Very few people can live to be 100.
4、few，a few, 用来修饰或替代可数名词.little, a little用来修饰或替代不可数名词。

Few，little表示“几乎没有”其意义是表示否定的；a few; a little表示“有一些”，其意义是肯定的，这词或词组在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。

I know little of American literature.
If you have some extra copies of this book,please send me a few.
5.what about=how about 做…怎么样后面加动词ing形式
How about going out for a walk?
6.seem和look的区别
Seem是说话人主观上的判断，暗示有一定根据的判断，look指由视觉而得出的印象
7.bored形容人无聊或是对...感到无聊boring形容物无聊或者是使...感到无聊
8.arrive at+小地方arrive in+大地方
9.decide to do sth=make up one′s mind to do sth决定做某事
10.feel like+名词“觉得好像...”,”觉得想做..”
Feel like +物质名词“摸上去像是...”Feel like doing...”想做...”
It feels like rain soon.
I feel like a rest after the long journey.
I’m holding something that feels like a potato.
I don’t feel like walking very much today.
11.over超过=more than
The whale is over 100 tons.=the whale is more than 100 tons.
12.enough 足够的，enough+名词形容词/副词+enough
13.because(连词)和because of（介词）的区别
Because后面接的是一个句子，because of后面接单词或者短语
14.below 在…下面，反义词above
15.forget to do sth忘记去做某事（这件事还没有做）
forget doing sth忘记做过某事（这件事做过了，却忘记了）
I forgot to close the windows this morning.
I forgot paying for this book.
16.find out找到，发现，强调找的结果；look for寻找，强调找的过程
17.so…that…如此…以至于
too … to…太...而不能做某事
enough …to足够...而能做某事
She is so young that she can’t go to school.=She is too young to go to school.
点金讲解：
1. Why not ask to help you?
A. everyone
B. anyone
C. someone
D. no one
2. --- Does Tom go to school?
--- Yes, he is to go to school.
A. enough old
B. young enough
C. old enough
3. --- What are you doing now?
--- I'm watching a football match. It's really (excite).
4. She was angry she walked out and closed the door heavily.
A. so; that
B. too; and
C. very; that
D. such; that
5. We didn't go camping last week (because/because of) the rain.
当堂练习：
二、单项选择
1. We arrived Shanghai last night.
A. on
B. to
C. at
D. in
2. The two boys decided fishing.
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. went
3. There a student and four teachers in the office.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
4. Betty stayed at home and for the test last weekend.
A. study
B. studyed
C. studied
D. studying
5. We have worked for three hours. Now let's stop a rest.
A. had
B. have
C. to have
D. having
6. Our teachers told us homework carefully.
A. to do
B. do
C. does
D. doing
7. I enjoy to music at home.
A. listen
B. to listen
C. listening
D. listened
8. I had nothing to do yesterday.
A. many
B. much
C. little
D. few
9. Did you go out with ?
A. someone
B. something
C. anyone
D. anything
10. Mr. Black seemed .
A. to happy
B. happily
C. be happy
D. to be happy
11. --- Where are my books?
--- They're in your room.
A. parents
B. Parent's
C. parents'
D. parent
12. Do you have to tell us?
A. something important
B. important something
C. anything important
D. important anything
巩固提高：
1. 假期里我和父母去了南京。

I to Nanjing my
parents .
2. 昨天吉姆大部分时间待在家里上网。

Jim at home the time to surf the Internet yesterday.
3. 旅游时你买了什么特别的东西吗？
Did you on your trip?
4. 那是我第一次去香港。

my first time to go to Hong Kong.
5. 上周末你去哪里购物了？
Where you shopping last weekend?
6. Where did you (去度假)?
7. We (去海滩) last Saturday.
8. My brother has (相当多) friends.
9. I spent (大多数时间) collecting stamps.
10. I want to go (有趣的地方).
Unit 1 语法篇
知识梳理：
一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。

1、一般过去时的构成
①肯定句
主语+ be（was/were）+其他
She was born on a cold morning.
主语+动词的过去式+其他
Bob wanted to go to Shanghai last year.
①否定句
主语+ be（was/were）+not+其他
Her sister wasn’t in yesterday.
主语+did not动词原形+其他
We didn’t agree with you.
①疑问句
Be（was/were)+主语+其他
Were you very tired last night?
①did+主语+动词原形+其他
Did he invite you ti his party?
2、一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某一具体时刻发生的动作或状态时,时间状语有：a moment ago,yesterday, just now,during the night,in 2015,last year,in the Tang dynasty,when引导的时间状语从句等。

I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)
Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.
(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)
When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.
(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)
I met Julia last year.(我去年遇见了茱莉亚)
He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)
点金讲解：
1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _____ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history yesterday. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history yesterday?
5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）_______ ________ ________ out for a walk? 基础演练
一、适当形式填空
1. The children _________(spend) a wonderful time together this afternoon.
2. Rita __________ (learn) a lot in the Chinese class today.
3. Tracy __________ (wear) her mother’s clothes to the party last Sunday.
4. Gary __________ (take) a shower last night.
5. Mr. Smith __________ (come) to our school for a visit three days ago.
6. Betty __________ (become) a teacher last year.
7. David __________ (put) on his father’s sweater. It’s too big for him.
8. Frank __________ (read) comic books all day yesterday.
9. I__________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.
10. — What day_________ (be) it yesterday?
— It__________ (be) Friday.
二、单选
1. Can I _________ all my friends to my birthday party?
A. invite
B. invited
C. please
D. ask
2. _____ you like to come to my house?
A. Could
B. Do
C. Would
D. Shall
3. I ______ boating on Donghu Lake last Saturday.
A. was go
B. went
C. go
D. am
4. It was eleven o’clock, but I ______ go to bed. I ______ a lot of homework to do.
A. could; have
B. couldn’t; had
C. can; have
D. can’t; had
5. How did you get home _____ school?
A. to
B. from
C. for
D. at
6. They all ________ sorry for the broken tree.
A. felt
B. make
C. said
D. caught
7. He ran very fast and ______ the other boys finally.
A. took
B. fell over
C. caught up with
D. climbed
8. The poor old man was very hungry and _______ some food.
A. said
B. asked for
C. sing
D. speak
9. In autumn, we ______ a lot of apples on the big apple tree.
A. planted
B. painted
C. picked
D. planed
10. Are you _______ your new sweater? I saw her in it in the garden.
A. seeing
B. looking for
C. waiting for
D. finding
巩固提高
1、_____ here and ask him about it yesterday?
A. Did you come
B. Would you not go
C. You didn't come
D. Aren't you go
2、___ he ___ a good time last Sunday?
A. Were; were
B. Did; do
C. Did; has
D. Did; have
3、The students hardly studied the English language, ___ they?
A. did
B. didn't
C. were
D. weren't
4、-____ the bus ____ just now?
-Yes, but it has left.
A. Has; come
B. Did; come
C. Is; come
D. Does; come
5、He came in, ___ his coat and sat down.
A. took down
B. took off
C. taking down
D. taking off
6、We carried some water, dug some holes and ___ to plant these trees.
A. begin
B. began
C. beginning
D. begins
7 、The old lady cleaned the tables, ___ some dirty clothes and did some cooking.
A. washing
B. washed
C. washes
D. wash
8、When he was a child, he____ in the garden in the morning.
A. always plays
B. always played
C. plays always
D. played always
9、When he was young he ____ swim in the river.
A. used
B. used to
C. uses
D. use
10、He ____ at six, but now at five.
A. used to get up
B. used to getting up
C. used get up
D. was used to get up
11. Life of Pi is an amazing movie. (改为感叹句)
amazing movie Life of Pi is!
12. My uncle went to Mount Tai on vacation. (对划线部分提问)
your uncle on vacation?
13. Jim with his classmates visited the science museum last weekend. (改为一般疑问句)
Jim with his classmates the science museum last weekend?
14. Jenny didn't buy anything for herself. (改为同义句)
Jenny for herself.
15. The food in the restaurant was really delicious. (对划线部分提问)
the food in the restaurant?。