21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Vocabulary(1-7单元)

Unit 1
1.I’m just coming around to have a friendly chat with you. How are you doing?
2.When you’re writing a paper, you must acknowledge the sources of the statements you have
quoted to support your argument.
3.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People who want to make things
better can do so if only they are strongly motivated.
4.The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound way is recognized as a
characteristic of Emily Dickinson’s poetry.
5.Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of The Declaration of
Independence despite his personal sorrow and trouble.
6.As the most influential US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a legacy which still deeply
affects the country today.
7.Madame Curie is often cited as an example of a great scientist who would never yielded to
hardships in her quest for knowledge.
8.As I see it, laziness is the biggest obstacle to person’s success.
9.Curiosity is the best teacher. If information of no intrinsic interest is crammed into students’
heads, no effective learning can be achieved.
10.What are your criteria for selecting the greatest literary works of the 20th century?
11.It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any int erest turns into an
obsession it can be worrisome to parents.
12.Before they go to school, children manage to progress from newborns with only
innate abilities to children with an enormous amount of knowledge about the world they live in.
13.Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique contribution(s)to the cause of
caring for the sick and dying.
14.Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s contemporary, got involved in politics by suggesting the
government develop its own nuclear weapons program.
15.For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Records, an application must
be submitted to the publication headquarters in London.
16.History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic (有魅力的) person must
be called to leadership so as to raise the nation’s moral.
1.With today’s world making fantastic progress in science and technology, any nation content
to rely on past successes will soon be left behind.
2.Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college her ability allowed her to rise
above the others and become a star.
3.After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon made history at the young age of 24
by seizing rebellious Toulon (土伦).
4.I wish I were endowed with both intelligence and good looks, but overall I think it’s mo re
important to be smart than pretty.
5.I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not sure how much longer I’ll be
able to put up with him.
6.This approach is going nowhere. We had better come up with a new way of dealing with this
problem.
7.As the name suggests, the book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why focuses on what
enables some people to go down in history.
8.This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reportedly to be built on over ten years
of research.
9.I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You really need to put in more
time studying if you expect to do well.
10.Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to come up with new ideas to sell
the same old products.
11.I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to take charge of the class, not to always ask the
students what they want to do.
12.The qualities that truly set Winston Churchill apart were his determination and his ability to
inspire others.
Unit 2
1.The author’s son wa s studying medicine at McGill University with the intention of becoming
a surgeon.
2.I took her criticism as a sincere desire to see improvement in my work.
3.They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring at one another.
4.Don’t get sore at me because you got low marks in your exams.
5.Though the poem is well-known, no one has yet been able to trace its author.
6.The new club strives to educate its members to render service to the community.
7.Mary likes to go dancing on weekends because she does not believe that the denial of
pleasure is a virtue.
8.People place stamps on letters or packages as proof that they have paid for mailing these
items.
9.The mayor praised the Lei Feng Spirit that could be found everywhere in the city and paid
particular t ribute to youngsters who helped the elderly.
10.These disks hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional floppy disk (软
磁盘).
11.Though he didn’t have much to give, he was generous with his money.
12.Father’s Day is a day on which the people of many countries express their gratitude and
appreciation for their fathers by giving them gifts or greeting cards.
13.She slammed on the brakes and the car came to a sudden stop.
14.You might be more successful in your job if you would take the trouble to make yourself
more agreeable to your colleagues (同事) as well as your employer.
1.The only thing on sale that attracted me was a little French clock. caught/took my fancy
2.It was John’s mistake to sign the agreement without reading it carefully.
a mistake on John’s part
3.We fail to appreciate sufficiently all sorts of things that are supplied to us easily by nature.
take for granted 4.If a criminal fears that he’s going to get caught, he will hesitatebefore he robs or steals.
think twice 5.She had put aside money for a long time for this holiday and she meant to enjoy every
minute of it. saved up
6.We have to take into account the data mentioned in the annual report.referred to
7.It is unpleasant to hear Tom talk too proudly of his abilities and achievements. boast about
8.After her husband died at the age of 35, Mary made great efforts to ensure her five children’s
education. took pains with
9.For better health you must avoid eating too much. refrain from
10.Mr. Eden is one of the most prominent scientists in the country and to a certain extent a
media star. something of
11.If you help a neglected child, he may not actually show you gratitude, but chances are that
you will get thanks by some means or other. in one way or another
12.She got a little bored with his habit of never allowing her to finish a sentence. fed up
Unit 3
1.Generally speaking, tactics covers what you need to do at the moment while strategy
provides the broad guidelines that determine the overall direction.
2.My family’s health and security are of the utmost importance to me.
3.If one of those stays（支柱）gives way, the entire structure may collapse.
4.Unlike a tightrope, a slack will sway up and down or from side to side.
5.The president wanted to see him on a matter of great significance.
6.Two foreign tourists died ad two soldiers were badly hurt yesterday when a coach and an
Army truck collided almost head-on along a straight stretch of road.
7.We tried all sorts of solutions to that problem, and they all came to a dead end.
8.The blow on his head erased the details of the accident from his memory.
9.We usually judge others within the framework of our own experience.
10.By the time the lifeboat arrived, the ship was almost vertical in the water. The wounded
soldier is sitting in the vertical position, upright in bed.
11.The music ceased suddenly when she turned off the radio.
12.By pointing out just one flaw, she destroyed his entire argument.
13.The music implies suddenly when she turned off the radio.
14.He affirmed his plan to make payments on time.
1. We got lost and finally were two hours late. wound up being
2.The schoolboy tried to drive the cow into the stable by tugging (拉) its tail, but failed.
pulling on
3.The roots of plants absorb water and make their food out of it. take in
4.By constantly looking up at the clock he is really saying that he wants us to leave. in effect
5. Although the glow of the sunset was the most intense colure in the scene, the darkening
blue of the rest of the sky began increasingly prevail.take over
6. After graduation, John changed his job frequently but he eventually taught English in a local
middle school. ended up teaching
Unit 4
1.Even though animals within a breed may look similar to us humans, they probably look
unique to each other.
2.Students have different individual abilities and potentials, and therefore should be taught
accordingly.
3.Many Americans would deny the existence of a single American culture partly because there
is such racial diversity in the county.
4.Preadolescent (青春前期的) groups are homogeneous; that is, members are usually of the
same sex and come from the same neighborhood.
5.The travel agency will make every arrangement for your trip and the expenses, all inclusive
are estimated at $300.
6.All developed nations maintain a variety of social welfare programs to help unemployed or
underemployed people to function more fully in society.
7.Lying is defined as deceiving someone about certain matters or facts.
8.The irritation my boss showed was simply due to my failure to make a favorable comment on
his management.
9.The variables that educational psychologists have found to be important in classroom
teaching include the time teachers allocate to instruction, the amount of content they cover, the percent of time that students are engaged in learning, and so on.
10.The Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, used his
psychotherapy to uncover painful and forgotten memories in his patients.
11.An instance of irony is the suggestion, put forward with apparent seriousness by the English
satirist Jonathan Swift in his A Modest Proposal (《一个温和的建议》), that the poor people of Ireland should rid themselves of poverty by selling their children to the rich to eat.
12.Human learning and memory have been studied mostly with verbal materials (such as word
lists and stories) or with tasks requiring motor skills (such as learning to type or to play an instrument).
13.Babies will readily learn to walk on their own when they are offered a reward.
14.When depressed, these patients experience painful sadness, negative thinking, and
indifference to things that used to bring them happiness.
15.The probability of an outcome is represented by a number between 0 and 1, with probability
0 indicating certainty that an event will not occur and probability 1 indicating certainty that
it will occur.
16.IQ scores may vary according to testing conditions, and thus it is advisable to understand
results of the tests as falling within a certain range, such as average or superior.
1.The major method of instruction for schools of the United States and many other countries
stresses the educational development of the child in terms of individual needs and interests.
2.The explosion in use and popularity of the Internet in the 1990s is most likely due to the
World Wide Web.
3. A quality control inspector is responsible for making sure that every product measures/lives
up to the specified standard before it goes into circulation.
4.If you do what you are really interested in and try hard, you'll find, as often as not that you
are living with contentment.
5.The Greek philosopher Socrates was also a great teacher, whose method consisted of asking
questions that forced his students to think deeply about the meaning of life, truth, and justice.
6.His plan is an ambitious one, and I doubt whether he will really go through with it.
7.The secretary general, like the rest of the UN staff, is supposed to be independent, but in
reality, he must rely on member countries, especially the five permanent Security Council members, to get anything done.
8.It’s been argued that the problems with teaching have been brought about in part by
inadequate facilities.
Unit 5
1.The first artificial intelligence (人工智能) conference in 1956 inspired researchers to
undertake projects that emulated human behavior in areas of reasoning, language comprehension, and communications.
2.In 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may require the consent（同意，许可）of
one parent of a minor (未成年者) requesting an abortion.
3.By 1951 industrial production had exceeded prewar peaks; it continued to rise in the
succeeding years.
4.That park contains miniature reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall
and the Summer Palace.
5.According to our professor, unemployment is an inevitable consequence of free market
economics.
6.There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC, as well as a sizable publishing
group.
7.Don’t worry. The danger from these snakes is practically nothing.
8. A crowd of people gathered, outraged by the way the police officers were hitting the two
men.
9.Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a craving for the drug and belief that one
cannot function without taking it.
10.The bomb was designed to cause the maximum amount of harm to the maximum number of
people.
11.Although breast cancer primarily afflicts females, about 1,400 male breast cancers were also
reported in the United States in 1997.
12.Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ignorance and prejudice.
13.When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an intense pain in the lower part of his
back.
14.We see each other at regular intervals — usually once a week.
15.I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last week, which is based on his correspondence
with Engels over 40 years.
1.Tom’s boss asked him to take control of the office for a couple of weeks while she was away.
take charge of 2.As he fell down from the cliff (悬崖) the mountaineer was lucky enough to grab a branch
with his left hand.get hold of
3.Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-scale farming can cause great
hardships to people whose lives depend on the land. who live off on
4.The government began to support small businesses when it realized that they were the key
to economic growth. smile (up)on
5.Adrenaline(肾上腺素) helps the body to get used to sudden stress by increasing heart rate
and raising blood pressure.adjust to
6. A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a means for a society to think
carefully about itself and its beliefs. reflect upon
7.I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her personally.
in person
8.Chicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed as a result of the snowstorm. due to
9.Cindy, Linda, and Niaomi went to the benefit fashion show, as did Claudia and Christy, all
known as the “supermodels” of the 1990’s. along with
10.The rocket roared into space, increasing its speed to 38,000 mph shortly after. picking up
11.I’m sorry, but someone else has borrowed the book you want. checked out
12.On seeing General Powell, the soldier threw out his chest and saluted. stuck out
Unit 6
1.Official U.S. statistics on employment and unemployment are derived from a monthly sample
survey of households.
2.For a solid or liquid fuel to ignite, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at
which it turns to gas.
3.He keeps his savings under his pillow because he distrusts banks.
4.The writer’s thesis is that all human problems can be solved by logic.
5.Since the early 1900’s, pronunciation in the United States has becomes more standardized
because people throughout the country have become more and more exposed to each other’s speech patterns.
6.I am not jealous of her good fortune, but I do feel she should share it with others.
7.Zoologists observe the ways animals interact with one another and their environment.
8.People spend a lot of their Hard-earned money on holidays and of course they want to get
good professional service.
9.She felt frustrated when she didn’t get a promotion after all these years of hard wo rk.
10.She grabbed for her gun when she heard the shots down the street.
11.I suggest that you keep the flashlight handy in case the fuse (保险丝) blows again.
12.The secretaries’ report provided the leaders with the necessary numerical information.
13.Mary and her brothers were all very happy because their father approved their plans for the
summer.
14.The issue of the death penalty is highly controversial in some western countries.
15.He has abstract ideas about what to do, but no specific plans or proposals.
1.There are many heroines who make headlines for showing courage when confronted with
some public emergency. in the face of
2.For those who are disabled when they are born or during childhood, special education is
necessary.from birth
3.Their request for better working conditions was equal to a criticism of the management.
amounted to 4.There are still difficulties before us, but we will overcome them individually in order.
one by one
5.He didn’t sell hi s house right away; he waited to get the best offer. held out for
6.In the face of enemy attacks, the president said that his countrymen would never yield to
threats. give in to
7. A good visual artist (视觉艺术家) has to be a drawer first. Ramsay learnt at an early time the
crucial importance of drawing as the basis for his art.early on
8.How can you ever achieve any success if you are afraid of everything that is unpleasant or
difficult.shy away from
9.Tom took the place of George just after half-time when it appeared that the injury to
George’s knee was affecting his performance. substituted for
10.He’s disorganized, he’s inefficient, he’s never there when you want him –in a word, the
man’s hopeless. in short
11.The detective put a chemical on the paper, and the fingerprints appeared. showed up
12.Emily’s life resulted in tragedy after her husband was captured during the Civil War. ended in Unit 7
1.Johnny is only 15 but actually he has outgrown his mother by five inches.
2.Cockroaches (蟑螂) have earned a bad reputation because they feed on garbage.
3.Arab Americans have tended to identify more strongly with their Muslim heritage.
4.I have moments of despair, but fundamentally I am an optimist.
5.She hesitated for a fraction of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.
6.Thanks to the Internet, data can now be transferred easily from one computer to another.
7.Drums can be used to convey messages over distances beyond the human voice’s reach.
8.Technological advances are the chief agents of change.
9.In 1894 bottling machines were installed in a Mississippi factory and the first bottled Coke
was produced.
10.There are laws to specify (指定) the person(s) who will obtain a dead person’s estate if no
will exists.
ura filed a lawsuit against her company for ignoring her for promotion because she was
pregnant. passing (her) over
2.The President ought to seize the opportunity to stop quarrelling with the political parties and
negotiate a speedy return to democracy. make his peace with
3.The Clayton Antitrust Act (克莱顿反托拉斯法) declared illegal such practices as price-cutting
to drive competitors out of business.freeze competitors out of business
4.He was very intelligent, but he failed to meet the requirements for a manager.fell short of
5.The earliest European description of the American continent appeared in published form in
1505.in print
6.Children from age 6 to age 14 in Germany attend full-time school without payment.for free
7.Workers are tearing open roads to lay new cables. put in
8.The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to let reporters know the latest
developments in diplomacy. fill reporters in on
9.First offenders of traffic regulations are sometimes let go without any punishment.let off
10.Mother was startled at the news and broke several plates. taken aback by
11.Having broken with his girlfriend and standing alone in the street with his suitcase, George
did not know where to go or what to do. was at a loss
12.It rook me nearly a month to get free of my cough. get rid of。