科技英语的特点讲课版
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科技英语的语：需了解美国文化背景，语言漂 亮
普通英语：以语法为主线，基础词汇 科技英语：注重翻译技巧，严谨，忠于原
文，但不一定要直译， 如:英文中的被动句←→中文中的主动句。
4
科技英语的重要性
国际间的科技情报和资料交流； 世界上科技杂志有六万多种，一半
materials continuously at their maximum allowable stress. This is
done by employing a factor of safety. Unfortunately，increasing the strength of a component in the
11
If the fastening shown in Fig. 1.1 is overstressed by applying excess torque to the nut (for example，by extending the length of the spanner with a tube)，the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic range．Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is，it becomes permanently lengthened，the “spring back” is seriously reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together. Thus for critical assemblies，the designer will seek to control the stress in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a “torque spanner” set to a specific value.
12
If the fastening shown in Fig. 1.1 is overstressed by applying excess torque to the nut (for example，by extending the length of the spanner with a tube)，the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic range．Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is，it becomes permanently lengthened，the “spring back” is seriously reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together. Thus for critical assemblies，the designer will seek to control the stress in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a “torque spanner” set to a specific value.
13
可以得出科技英语的特点：
1. 在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多； 2. 在用词方面，必然要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词
性变换多； 3. 在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态； 4. 另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。
14
★词性转换多
英语单词有不少是多性词，如： Above
Despite the tests described in Chapters 11 and 12，materials may still fail in service，sometimes with disastrous results (e.g. when the failure occurs in aircraft．bridges，ships，etc.). To try to avoid such disastrous occurring，the designer avoids using
interests of safety not only increases the initial material costs，but also the operating costs. For example，the stronger and heavier the structure members of an aircraft，the fewer passengers it can carry and the more fuel it consumes．Therefore a balance has to be maintained between safety，initial cost and operating costs．The designer is constantly striving to improve the former whilst reducing the latter．
以上是英文刊物； 各国科技人员学习的需要； 交流的需要。
5
本课程的主要内容
科技英语的特点 科技英语中常见概念的英译 科技英语翻译技巧
12学时 8学时 4学时
6
科技英语的学习方法
科技英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的方 法也有所不同，科技英语阅读要把准确理解 放在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速 度。和其他的英语能力一样，科技英语阅读 能力，需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可 能一蹴而就，多读多练是提高科技英语阅读 能力最有效的方法。
16
一、科技英语在词汇方面的特点
① 专业词汇出现率低； ② 词义专一； ③ 多来源于拉丁语和希腊语； ④ 广泛使用缩略语； ⑤前后缀出现率高
17
缩略语Abbreviation
普通英语中的缩略语：i.e.即，etc.等，co.公司； 科技英语中缩略语多为单位名称、设备名称，仪器，
方法，药剂等，一般在上下文中有原型。如： 英国电气工程师学会 Institution of Electrical
Engineers 简称 IEE 美国科学情报研究所 Institute for Scientific
Information 简称 ISI 核磁共振 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance简称 NMR 聚丙烯酰胺 Polyacrylamide PAM
18
1.各种组织或机构的缩略词
APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织
IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克，石油输出国组织
10
Allowable working stress is taken as a proportion of the yield or proof stress；that is，the component is only stressed within its elastic range when in service．For example, consider the screwed fastening shown in Fig. 1.l. When the nut is tightened normally the bolt is stretched slightly and，providing it is stressed within its elastic range，it will behave like a very powerful spring and will pull the joint faces together very firmly．
NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会
22
3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士
7
1 科技英语的特点
1.1 科技英语的特点概述 1.2 科技英语的特殊语法现象 1.3科技英语中的一些常用句型
4学时 4学时 4学时
8
1.1 科技英语的 特点概述
一、科技英语在词汇方面的特点 二、科技英语句法上的特点 三、科技英语修辞上的特点
9
科技英语的基本特点
为了了解科技英语的特点，我们先阅读下面一段关于许用应力的课文。
21
2. 表示各种系统的缩略词
BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或 (Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信 系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成 制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Equipment) 试验、测量与 诊断设备
WTO (World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 SOS村（SOS Children’s Village)
一种专门收养孤儿的慈善机构
19
太原理工大学？ 矿业工程学院？
20
太原理工大学？ Tai Yuan University of Technology（tyut)
矿业工程学院？ College of Mining Technology
■介词：above all (things) ■形容词：for the above reason ■副词：as(has been) indicated above
15
Light ■名词：in the light of 由于，根据 high light(s) 强光，精华 safety light 安全指示灯 ■形容词：light industry轻工业 light room空房间 light blue淡蓝 ■副词：travel light轻装旅行 light come, light go易得易失
普通英语：以语法为主线，基础词汇 科技英语：注重翻译技巧，严谨，忠于原
文，但不一定要直译， 如:英文中的被动句←→中文中的主动句。
4
科技英语的重要性
国际间的科技情报和资料交流； 世界上科技杂志有六万多种，一半
materials continuously at their maximum allowable stress. This is
done by employing a factor of safety. Unfortunately，increasing the strength of a component in the
11
If the fastening shown in Fig. 1.1 is overstressed by applying excess torque to the nut (for example，by extending the length of the spanner with a tube)，the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic range．Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is，it becomes permanently lengthened，the “spring back” is seriously reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together. Thus for critical assemblies，the designer will seek to control the stress in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a “torque spanner” set to a specific value.
12
If the fastening shown in Fig. 1.1 is overstressed by applying excess torque to the nut (for example，by extending the length of the spanner with a tube)，the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic range．Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is，it becomes permanently lengthened，the “spring back” is seriously reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together. Thus for critical assemblies，the designer will seek to control the stress in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a “torque spanner” set to a specific value.
13
可以得出科技英语的特点：
1. 在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多； 2. 在用词方面，必然要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词
性变换多； 3. 在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态； 4. 另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。
14
★词性转换多
英语单词有不少是多性词，如： Above
Despite the tests described in Chapters 11 and 12，materials may still fail in service，sometimes with disastrous results (e.g. when the failure occurs in aircraft．bridges，ships，etc.). To try to avoid such disastrous occurring，the designer avoids using
interests of safety not only increases the initial material costs，but also the operating costs. For example，the stronger and heavier the structure members of an aircraft，the fewer passengers it can carry and the more fuel it consumes．Therefore a balance has to be maintained between safety，initial cost and operating costs．The designer is constantly striving to improve the former whilst reducing the latter．
以上是英文刊物； 各国科技人员学习的需要； 交流的需要。
5
本课程的主要内容
科技英语的特点 科技英语中常见概念的英译 科技英语翻译技巧
12学时 8学时 4学时
6
科技英语的学习方法
科技英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的方 法也有所不同，科技英语阅读要把准确理解 放在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速 度。和其他的英语能力一样，科技英语阅读 能力，需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可 能一蹴而就，多读多练是提高科技英语阅读 能力最有效的方法。
16
一、科技英语在词汇方面的特点
① 专业词汇出现率低； ② 词义专一； ③ 多来源于拉丁语和希腊语； ④ 广泛使用缩略语； ⑤前后缀出现率高
17
缩略语Abbreviation
普通英语中的缩略语：i.e.即，etc.等，co.公司； 科技英语中缩略语多为单位名称、设备名称，仪器，
方法，药剂等，一般在上下文中有原型。如： 英国电气工程师学会 Institution of Electrical
Engineers 简称 IEE 美国科学情报研究所 Institute for Scientific
Information 简称 ISI 核磁共振 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance简称 NMR 聚丙烯酰胺 Polyacrylamide PAM
18
1.各种组织或机构的缩略词
APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织
IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克，石油输出国组织
10
Allowable working stress is taken as a proportion of the yield or proof stress；that is，the component is only stressed within its elastic range when in service．For example, consider the screwed fastening shown in Fig. 1.l. When the nut is tightened normally the bolt is stretched slightly and，providing it is stressed within its elastic range，it will behave like a very powerful spring and will pull the joint faces together very firmly．
NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会
22
3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士
7
1 科技英语的特点
1.1 科技英语的特点概述 1.2 科技英语的特殊语法现象 1.3科技英语中的一些常用句型
4学时 4学时 4学时
8
1.1 科技英语的 特点概述
一、科技英语在词汇方面的特点 二、科技英语句法上的特点 三、科技英语修辞上的特点
9
科技英语的基本特点
为了了解科技英语的特点，我们先阅读下面一段关于许用应力的课文。
21
2. 表示各种系统的缩略词
BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或 (Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信 系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成 制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Equipment) 试验、测量与 诊断设备
WTO (World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 SOS村（SOS Children’s Village)
一种专门收养孤儿的慈善机构
19
太原理工大学？ 矿业工程学院？
20
太原理工大学？ Tai Yuan University of Technology（tyut)
矿业工程学院？ College of Mining Technology
■介词：above all (things) ■形容词：for the above reason ■副词：as(has been) indicated above
15
Light ■名词：in the light of 由于，根据 high light(s) 强光，精华 safety light 安全指示灯 ■形容词：light industry轻工业 light room空房间 light blue淡蓝 ■副词：travel light轻装旅行 light come, light go易得易失