制药工程专外

制药工程专业英语
Unit 1production of drugs P1
单词
Compound 化合物intermediate 中间产物alkaloids 生物碱enzymes酶peptide 肽hormones 荷尔蒙modification 修饰chloramphenicol 氯霉素metabolites 代谢物substitute 替代品derivative衍生物
active 活性absorption 吸收extraction 提取Recombinant 重组insulin 编码neuroactive 神经活性
start materials 起始原料recrystallization 重结晶methanol 甲醇Ethanol 乙醇isopropanol 异丙醇butanol 丁醇
benzene 苯
翻译
Known examples are the enzymatic cleavage of racemates of N-acetyl-D, L-amino acids to give L-amino acids, the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from benzylpenicillin by means of penicillinamidase and the aspartase-catalysed stereospecific addition of ammonia to fumaric acid in order to produce L-aspartic acid.
著名的例子是对N -乙酰- D，L -氨基酸消旋给予L -氨基酸酶裂解，从青霉素生产8 -氨基青霉烷酸的青霉素酰胺酶手段和天冬氨酸酶，催化氨立体除了富马酸为了酸生产L -天门冬氨酸。

Reading material 1 p7
Antagonist 抑制剂receptor 受体clinical investigation 临床研究antibacterial抗菌的inhibition 抑制mercurial 水银
dominate 占主导
Unit 3 chemotherapy: an introduction P29
单词
chemotherapy化学治疗superstition 迷信pathogenic 致病的
翻译
The activity of the arsenical drugs is explained as due to a blocking of essential thiol groups.For example, lipoic acid dehydrogenase contains two cysteine molecules, while are kept near each other by folding of the molecule. As a result, an arsenical can react with these thiol groups and inactivate the molecule, as show in equation.
对含砷药物活性被解释为由于阻塞必不可少的巯基。

例如，硫辛酸脱氢酶包含两个半胱氨酸分子，同时保持彼此邻近的分子折叠。

作为一个结果，砷能与这些硫醇基团的反响和失活的分子，如显示方程。

The antimony ions are believed to combine with the mercapto
groups of the microorganism’s phosphofructokinase. In the host, this enzyme is apparently sufficiently different that as antimony does not react to the same degree . This inhibition of phosphofructokinase results in accumulation of fructose-6-phosphate. As a result, a major source of energy is denied the infecting organism.
锑离子被认为是结合微生物的磷酸果糖激酶巯基。

在主机中，这种酶显然是足够不同的，锑不相同程度的反响。

这种抑制导致积累果糖-6-磷酸果糖激酶。

作为一个结果，一个主要的能量来源是否认的感染有机体。

Unit 6 isolation of caffeine from tea P68
单词
Caffeine 咖啡因tannin 丹宁gallic acid 五倍子酸
cellulose 纤维素glucose 葡萄糖chloroform氯仿 beaker烧杯 crystallization 结晶 purification 纯化 apparatus 仪器 filter paper 滤纸hydroxyl group羟基 carboxyl group 羧基 benzene 苯acetone丙酮 evaporation蒸发 insoluble不溶的 condensation冷凝 residue 残留物
翻译
Tannins are usually divided into two classes: those which can be hydrolyzed and those which cannot. Tannins of the first type which are found in tea generally yield glucose and gallic acid when they
are hydrolyzed.
丹宁通常分为两类：那些可以水解和那些不能。

第一种丹宁酸在茶叶中发现的一般产生葡萄糖和没食子酸在水解时。

填空
The active ingredient that makes tea and coffee valuable to man is
compounds containing nitrogen and having the properties of an organic amine base.
Place 35g of ground coffee , a boiling stone , and 125ml of water
filtration apparatus. When boiling action has stopped and the coffee grounds have settled somewhat, but while the solution is still hot,
答复下列问题
1.What kinds of drugs can be slit into according to the origin? Depending on their production or pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups: 1.Totally synthetic material.
2. Natural products.
3. Products from partial syntheses.
2.Please illustrate approaches for drug discovery .
These are :natural products, existing drugs, screens and physiological transmitters.
3.What are the components in the tea?
Caffeine , cellulose, tannin
4.What is the different between two kinds of tannin ?
Those which can be hydrolyzed and those which cannot.
5.How to isolate caffeine from tea?
Place 25g of dry tea leaves, 25g of calcium carbonate powder, and 250ml of water in a 500ml three neck round bottom flask equipped with a condenser for the mixture under reflux for about 20 minute s. While the solution is still hot, filter it by gravity through a fluted filt er. Using a separatory funnel, extract it an apparatus for simple dis tillation and remove the chloroform by distillation. The residue in th e distillation flask contains the caffeine.。