人教版高中英语选修8练习：Unit 1 A land of diversity (含解析)

Unit 1 A land of diversity
[导语]美国有个别称叫“大熔炉”，那么你知道美国为什么会有此别称吗？它代表着什么意思呢？
The United States of America－the melting pot Did you ever wonder why the United States is called a melting pot? Do you know what it means to call this country a melting pot?
This great land has been attracting people from all over the world since its independence from British rule in 1783 at the end of the Revolutionary War.They came to this country leaving behind their homeland in order to make a better life for themselves.The Co nstitution of the United States starts with the words “We the people...”．This is what the country is all about.
“We the people”are from Asia, Europe, South America, from every corner of the world.People have come and are still coming to this great country to become an American.This privilege of becoming a citizen should not be taken lightly.Becoming a citizen gives you the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness，this being our Declaration of Independence.The pride of becoming a legal citizen and enjoying the freedoms that come with it is a dream for all the immigrants that come here.
The results of the melting pot are American citizens who become part of the history of this nation，who become the defenders of
freedom and who bring their own individual talents and culture to melt into this great society.We are Asian Americans，Euro Americans, Mid Eastern Americans，or Afro Americans.We are all Americans under the red，white and blue flag.
[词海拾贝]
1．constitution n．宪法
2．liberty n．自由
3．pursuit n．追求
4．immigrant n．移民
[问题思考]
1．Why did people come to USA leaving behind their homeland?
_______________________________________________________ 2．Where do the immigrants of the US，come from?
_______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Because they wanted to make a better life for themselves.
2．They are from Asia，Europe，South America，from every corner of the world.
Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义
1．Arctic A．插入；嵌入
2．ministry B．权威；权力
3．federal C．申请人
4．aircraft D．移民；移民入境
5．immigration E．售票员；列车员；指挥
6．nephew F．联邦制的；同盟的7．applicant G．关切的；体贴的；深思的8．conductor H．处罚；惩罚
9．punishment I．侄子；外甥
10．authority J．飞行器；航空器；飞机11．thoughtful K．北极的；北极区的
12．insert L．(政府的)部；神职；牧师的职位答案：1－K2－L3－F4－J5－D6－I7－C
8－E9－H10－B11－G12－A
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1．________ n．海峡
2．________ n．方法；手段
3．________ n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道
4．________ n. & adj.代理；副职
5．________ n．海关；关税；进口税
6．________ v i.发生；出现
7．________ v t.& v i.刮；剃
8．________ n．闸；刹车；制动器
9．________ n．角；角度
10．________ n．正义；公平
11．________ adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的
答案：1.strait 2.means 3.crossing 4.vice 5.customs 6．occur7.shave8.brake9.angle10.justice11.civil Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词
1．________：clearly different or of a different kind
2．________：the largest part of a group of people or things
3．________：a situation that is difficult and unpleasant
because you do not have enough money，food，clothes，etc.
4．________：to choose somebody to do a particular job by voting for them
5．________：the number，amount，rate of something，expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100
6．________：happening or existing between people of different races
7．________：a sudden increase in trade and economic activity；
a period of wealth and success
8．________：suggest the possibility of sth
9．________：clearly seen; obvious
10．________：allow using sth by giving some money
11．________：seize (sb/sth) with hand or understand (sth) fully 12．________：grateful
13．________：be in deep sorrow
14．________：make sth better by changing
15．________：not anywhere
答案：1.distinct 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect
5．percentage 6.racial7.boom8.indicate
9．apparent10.hire11.grasp12.thankful
13．mourn14.reform15.nowhere
Ⅳ.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子
live on；the majority of
________．
2．It's not easy to ________ in a new city.
3．Will the fine weather ________？
4．________ people prefer peace to war.
5．The man succeeded ________ working twice as hard as others.
6．I'll have finished my homework ________ you come.
7．______________ of school books now have pictures.
8．______________ an album，I gave him a pen and a pencil.
9．____________________ at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
10．I think ________________ he will arrive tomorrow.
答案：1.live on 2.make a life 3.keep up 4.The majority of
5．by means of 6.by the time7.A large percentage
8．In addition to9.It was believed that
10．it is likely that
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population.()
2．The native Americans are treated well after the arrival of Europeans.()
3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were
religious men.()
4．In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.()
5．In the late 19th century，Chinese immigrants arrived in California.()
答案：1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F
Ⅱ.读课文，完成表格
4．the natives' land 5. part of Mexico 6.1846
7．Russians8.California9.gold10.1850
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
Part 1(Para.1)A．The history about people from different countries moving to California.
Part 2(Paras.2～9) B．The future of California.
Part 3(Para.10) C．A brief introduction to California.
答案：Part 1—C Part 2—A Part 3—B
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Which of the following is NOT true about the Gold Rush?
A．Only a few people became rich in the Gold Rush.
B．Many people died in the Gold Rush.
C．It happened during the American－Mexican war.
D．South Americans were among the first to arrive to look for gold.
2．How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?
A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.
3．What's the main reason that Chinese immigrants came to California?
A．For gold.
B．For the building of the railway.
C．To open restaurants.
D．To live in the Chinatown.
4．It can be inferred that ________．
A．European and Jewish people came to make films in Hollywood, California
B．people from Mexico came to work in the ship and aircraft
industries
C．Indians and Pakistanis are good at making computers
D．there will be more racial or cultural groups because more people are arriving in California
5．What's the topic of this passage about?
A．The culture of California.B．The history of California.
C．The population of California. D．The history of the USA.
答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B
Ⅲ.领会下列句子所用的句型并尝试译成汉语
1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
_______________________________________________________ 2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world.
_______________________________________________________
3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.
_______________________________________________________ 4．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
_______________________________________________________ 5．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
_______________________________________________________ 答案：
1．然而，美洲土著人可能至少在15 000年以前就生活在加利福
尼亚州了。

2．加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具有多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

3．最早的一批人是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚州地区的，谁也说不清楚。

4．这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

5．人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。

Ⅳ.课文缩写
California is the third largest state in the USA and it also has the 1.________ of being the most multicultural state in the USA.The first settlers 2.________ the Bering Strait from Asia and arrived in California.The native Americans 3.________ after the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century.In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain until 1821 When the people of Mexico 4.________ from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.But after the American－Mexican war in 1846，California was 5.________to the USA.
In 1848，in California gold was 6.________，which attracted people from all over the world to arrive there to 7.________of becoming rich.In 1850，California became the 31st state of the USA as a multicultural society.8.________ by the climate and lifestyle，more and more people from different parts of the world have been immigrating to California，9.________ Asians，Africans，Americans
and Europeans.10.________，California will become a mixture of many races and cultures without any major racial or cultural groups.
答案：1.distinction 2.crossed 3.suffered greatly
4．gained their independence 5.given back
6．discovered7.achieve their dreams8.Attracted
9．including10.In the near future
如何写描述地点的说明文
描写或介绍某一地方的文章是说明文常见的形式之一，也是近几年高考书面表达命题的主要形式之一。

[写作指导]
描写一个地方，旨在介绍某个地方的位置、环境特征、气候、人口、面积、交通、历史、名胜、自然资源等。

其目的是使读者对某一地方有清晰、客观、准确的认识和了解。

一般要求语义连贯、语言流畅、逻辑严密，表达出要求表达的意思即可，所以可以把握如下几项技巧。

1．描写一个地方应该了解这个地方的自然环境、历史名胜等，或者根据文章的写作要求具体描写某一方面。

2．灵活运用介词短语、分词短语、长短句等，表达需简明扼要。

3．选择适当的描写顺序。

可按照空间顺序来描写，如由远及近或由近及远，或者用先概括后细化的手法，从不同的侧面、角度来描写。

4．灵活地使用比喻、拟人、夸张的修辞手法，使描述更加生动、形象。

[写作积累]
(一)话题词汇
custom n．风俗；习惯
civilization n．文明；文化
developed adj.发达的
developing adj.发展中的
population n．人口
immigrant n．移民
absorb v t.吸收
race n．种族
multicultural adj.多元文化的
take in包含；吸收
have an effect on对……有影响
be situated in位于……
consist of由……组成
be rich in natural resources自然资源丰富(二)常用句式
1．位置(location)：
(1)lies in/to/on...
(2)There stands...
(3)is located/situated in...
(4)stretches along...
2．面积(area)：
(1)covers an area of...
(2)takes up...
(3)has an area of...
(4)with an area of...
(5)the size of our city is...
3．周边环境(surroundings)：
(1)faces...
(2)surrounded by...
(3)there stands...
4．交通(transportation)：
(1)It is very convenient for...
(2)The best/nearest way to...is...
(3)It takes...to take a taxi from...to...
(4)It is only a few bus stops from...
5．人口(population)：
(1)has a population of...
(2)with a population of...
(3)The population of...is...
(4)Forty percent of the population are... 6．历史(history)：
(1)has a history of...
(2)with a history of...
(3)has witnessed too much...in history
7．名胜(places of interest)：
(1)is rich in...
(2)is known as...
(3)is famous for...
(4)is home to...
(5)attracts...
(6)．..is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes 8．特色(something special)：
(1)The place is famous for...
(2)The special character of the place is...
(3)Something special of the place is...
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。

Jim来信希望你能给些建议。

请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．你建议的线路；
2．你的理由；
3．你的祝愿。

注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

[写作要点]
1．体裁：说明文。

2．时态：一般现在时。

3．人称：第三人称。

Dear Jim，
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua [范文点评]
范文点评
Dear Jim
，
①I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.
②Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai，both are highly recommended.Personally，I ③prefer the tour along the Y angtze，the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.④Moreover，the scenery along the river is amazing，with many well－known sightseeing spots.⑤That's__why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
⑥Hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours，
Li Hua ①本句开门见山，点出写作目的以及心情，符合交际沟通常识。

②介词短语Of the two...与both拆开使用，更加突出旅游的两条线路。

③prefer等高级词汇的使用，体现作者的语言功底，是亮点之处、得分之源。

④Moreover等词的使用，增强了本文的逻辑性，使上下文内容衔接自然。

⑤That's why句式中why引导表语从句，使得文章句式多样。

⑥最后一句为礼貌用语，表达了美好的祝愿
有一群外国人要来中国旅游，去广州之前他们想了解一下广州的情况。

请你根据以下内容写一篇介绍广州的短文，词数100左右。

名称广州，有“花城”的美誉
历史拥有2 200多年的历史，是中国古代“海上丝绸之路”的发祥地
人口 1 600多万
面积7 434.4平方千米
位置濒临中国南海，毗邻香港和澳门
特点
广州旅游资源丰富，有著名的“羊城八景”，现以其迷人的风采吸引了来自海内外的游客
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：
Guangzhou，with a history of more than 2，200 years，is known
as “Flower City”，which is the birthplace of “Silk Road on Sea” in ancient China.It has a population of more than 16 million and an area of about 7，434.4 square kilometres.Guangzhou neighbours the South China Sea and is in close proximity to Hong Kong and Macao.It is rich in travelling resources，such as the famous “Yangcheng Eight Scenic Spots”．Tourists from home and abroad are attracted to Guangzhou by its unique charm.
A级基础过关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．An excellent idea occurred ________ Jane while she was talking to Mary.
2．A medical team ________ (consist) of 10 doctors and 5 nurses is to be sent to Taiwan.
3．The little girl who got lost decided to stay ________ she was and wait for her mother.
4．He talked about the book as if he ________ (read) it.In fact，he didn't read it.
5．It is essential that much attention ______________ (pay) to your health.
6．We should apply what we have learned at school ________ daily life.
7．We were ________ (thank) for his timely help.
8．The couple walked along the street side ________ side.
9．His ________ (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.
10．In the past few years，the village has taken ________ a new look.
11．He felt more uneasy with the whole class ________ (stare) at him.
12．It was apparent ________ she didn't hear what I said.
13．With Lily ________ (help) us，we can finish the work in an hour.
14．Mary sat by the window of the room，________ (drink) juice.
15．A great many things ________ (have) been done to improve the housing conditions.
答案：1.to 2.consisting 3.where 4.had read
5．(should) be paid 6.to7.thankful8.by
9．application10.on11.staring12.that
13．to help/helping14.drinking15.have
Ⅱ.话题微写作
将下列句子翻译成英语并连成一段意义完整、语言流畅的小短文(80词左右)。

自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。

据报道，成千上万的农民从农村来到城市。

尽管有困难，但他们中的大多数人习惯于城市中新的生活方式。

甚至有些人申请在城市生活的权利。

他们为中国的经济繁荣做出了重大贡献。

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：
Since the reform in 1978，China has experienced immigration movements.It is reported that thousands of farmers went from the countryside to the cities.The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship, and some even have applied for the right to live in the city.They have made great contributions to the boom of economy in China.
B级能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity and plural religion, which is quite different from other nations in the world.What is more, these elements are still influencing the American culture.
The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of America from 1607 to 1892.Frontiers were pushed further west.The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom.Actually they looked for a better life.So individualism, self－reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America.
In history, people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times.They brought their own culture to America and later on, different cultures were mixed together.Thus the unique American culture was formed, a common cultural life with commonly shared values.
The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States.The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism(多元化); almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States.
Nowadays, we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.American family is typically parents and their unmarried children.Middle－aged and elderly
people generally do not live with their married children.The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place.Quite a number of people change residences every year.The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime.
[语篇解读]本文主要叙述的是美国的独特文化，介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素以及这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。

1．We can learn from this article that________．
A．the population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups
B．the early immigrants brought about the unique American culture
C．people in the world once rushed to America because of its unique culture
D．the American family members don't get along well with each other
解析：推理判断题。

根据文章第三段第一句“In history，people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times.”可知历史上来自不同国家的人在三段时期里涌进美国，这给美国的文化带来了种族方面的多元化。

故A项正确。

答案：A
2．What's the author's attitude towards American culture?
A．He is critical of it.
B．He admires it very much.
C．He just states the facts.
D．He looks down upon it.
解析：推理判断题。

作者在文章中客观叙述了影响美国文化的三个主要因素：the hard environment，ethnic diversity and plural religion。

并没有发表个人观点，所以C项叙述正确。

答案：C
3．The last paragraph is about ________．
A．the family structure in American society
B．the influence of the three elements in the current American society
C．the new life style of American family
D．the reason why American people like to change residences
解析：段落大意题。

根据本段中心第一句“Nowadays，we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.”可知本段主要叙述的是美国文化中的三个因素对文化的影响。

故B项正确。

答案：B
4．What might be the most suitable title of this article?
A．The Immigrants in America
B．Why American Culture Is Unique
C．The Influence of American Culture
D．Plural Religion and American Culture
解析：主旨大意题。

根据文章中心句第一句“American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.”
可知本文主要叙述的是美国文化独特的原因，介绍了影响美国文化的三个主要因素并分别介绍了这三个因素影响美国文化的具体原因。

故B项正确。

答案：B
Ⅳ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person Life is a constant exercise in self－improvement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.____1____
Explore your talents.
Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it's often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.
2____For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you'll enjoy.
3____
No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.
If you're particularly unhappy at your job, consider why.____4____If you feel your job isn't meaningful, or isn't in line with your values, consider finding another job.
Experience something new.
Research has shown that when we're in our comfort zone, we aren't as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.____5____Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It's important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.
A．Do what you love.
B．Here are some tips for you.
C．Register in a class you're interested in.
D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events.
E．It's possible that some changes may change your feeling.
F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.
G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.
答案：1.B 2.F 3.A 4.E 5.D
Ⅴ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly __1__ with ice.This is one of the driest and __2__ places in the world.But people from all over the world come to __3__ there.Near the South Pole, three thousand people live together in a place __4__ Amundsen－Scott Station.
The Station __5__ libraries, cinemas, shops, sports rooms, canteens and laboratories.There is electricity，and they have
telephone—the system __6__ they use to have a conversation with someone in __7__ place.And they have__8__—electronic machines that store information and use programs to help them find, organize, or change the information.
But the people here __9__ travel by car, or train or bus, because there aren't any roads or railways near the Station.They __10__ by ship, helicopter, plane, or snow tractor, or __11__ dogs.
There aren't __12__ trees or flowers there, but there are hundreds of different birds and other __13__．
Most of the people here are __14__ .They study plant and animal life and how ice __15__．The ice can __16__ us about changes in climate.Ray Kingman is an expert at Amundsen－Scott Station, telling us __17__ the phone，“This is my second year here.It's a very interesting and beautiful place, but life is very__18__ in winter.In summer we can go __19__ in hot pools of water.We welcome newcomers here for further __20__ of the continent！”
[语篇解读]本文主要介绍科研人员在南极洲的工作情况。

1．A.filled B．full
C．discovered D．covered
解析：“南极洲在地球最南部，被冰覆盖”是常识，它是一个大陆板块，不是容器，不可用“装满”；B、C两项搭配有误。

答案：D
2．A.warm B．coldest
C．cool D．hottest
解析：与driest并列，也用形容词最高级形式，可排除A、C两
项；前文提到南极洲在地球最南部，是最冷的地方。

答案：B
3．A.travel B．settle
C．work D．live
解析：根据最后一段可知，这里的大多数人研究南极洲的动植物生活规律及冰的移动来预测天气，因此，世界各地的人去那儿的目的是工作。

答案：C
4．A.called B．builds
C．known D．lived
解析：前面是一个地方，后面是一个名称，所以应用called“被称为，叫作”，选known时，后需加as。

答案：A
5．A.exists B．built
C．has D．lies
解析：研究站与后面的设施(图书馆、电影院等)是所有关系。

答案：C
6．A.where B．that
C．who D．how
解析：that they use...是定语从句，修饰先行词system，从句中use缺少宾语。

答案：B
7．A.other B．another
C．the another D．the other
解析：another后加名词，表示多者之中的另一个，the other后加名词，表示两者之中的另一个或剩余的一个，other需接可数名词复数，C项无此用法。

根据句意可知答案为B。

答案：B
8．A.printers B．icons
C．mice D．computers
解析：根据后文“能储存信息，并能帮助工作人员找到、组织或变换信息等功能”可知，此电子设备是电子计算机。

答案：D
9．A.don't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：此处是指在通常情况下南极洲的工作人员的出行交通方式，应用一般现在时。

另外mustn't表禁止；shouldn't“不应该”；needn't “没必要”，均不符合语境。

答案：A
10．A.go B．walk
C．travel D．run
解析：根据第9空后的travel可知。

答案：C
11．A.with B．instead of
C．on D．in front of
解析：by接交通工具，表示“坐……”，但dogs“狗”属动物，应用“with”表示伴随。

答案：A
12．A.some B．any
C．many D．much
解析：见下题解析。

答案：B
13．A.plants B．life
C．animals D．things
解析：那里没有任何树、花，但有成百上千种鸟类与其他动物。

答案：C
14．A.teachers B．scientists
C．doctors D．workers
解析：根据后文中的study(研究)及expert(专家)可知此处大多数人是科学家，不可能是老师、医生或工人。

答案：B
15．A.flows B．melts
C．freezes D．moves
解析：科学家们研究南极洲冰块/冰山的移动、变化及动植物的生活规律。

南极洲是一个极冷的陆地，冰山不可能(在水上)流动、融化，更不可能结冰，故答案为D。

答案：D
16．A.show B．tell
C．suggest D．say
解析：此题可选用排除法，show sb sth、suggest to sb、say to sb 均不符合语境及结构。

而tell sb about sth“向某人显示/说明……”，符合语境。

答案：B
17．A.in B．with
C．by D．on
解析：on the phone或by phone表示“打电话”。

答案：D
18．A.pleasant B．easy
C．hard D．comfortable
解析：前文中讲述南极洲的有趣与美丽，但此句中的转折词“but”，可暗示此处应选与前文意义相反的词。

答案：C
19．A.boating B．swimming
C．fishing D．washing
解析：在夏季我们可以在热水池里游泳。

答案：B
20．A.study B．life
C．visit D．climate
解析：现在南极洲的科学家们在研究此处，他们欢迎新来的科学
家们做进一步研究。

答案：A。