Word Formation词的形成(增词法部分)
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The adding of inflectional affixes will not change the grammatical class of the stems.
曲折变化指通过附加曲折词缀来表现语法关系。 附加词缀并不会改变被附加词的语法类。(P61-62)
Number（数）: table/ tables apple/ apples Person, finiteness and
maneating (N + V-ing)
d) Preposition compounds (介词复合词)
In + to
into
Compounds are written in different ways.
1.Some appear as a single word. (seashore) 2.Some others are joined with a hyphen “-”. (traffic-light) 3.Some others can be written with ordinary spaces between the two parts. (washing machine) The right member serves as the head.
a)
Word class changed（P62）
N V: length + en un + horse lengthen unhorse
N
Adj :
fool + ish foolish speech + less speechless
b) Word class unchanged (P63)
N N:
non + smoker ex + president V V: dis + obey disobey nonsmoker expresident
Conclusion (P63)
1.word
forms that come from derivation are relatively large and potentially open. 2.In English, there is usually one productive inflectional affix per word, but there may also arise multiple derivational affixes. 3. Some words can carry both prefixes and suffixes.
(2)Compound
Compound
refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separate words to produce a single new word.( icecream, sunrise.) compounds, the lexical morphemes can be of different word class.
(1)Derivation Derivation
shows a relationship between roots and affixes.
Ex. un + conscious unconscious nation + al national
Derivations,
in contrast to inflections, can make the word class of the original word either changed oerivational Way of Formation
• 以派生的方式形成
The Inflectional Way of Formation
Inflection
indicates grammatical relations by adding inflectional affixes.
Word Formation
词的形成
Content
1. Word Formation(1)
--From Morpheme to Word
2. Word Formation(2)
--Lexical Change
1. Word Formation(1)
--From Morpheme to Word
• The Inflectional Way of Formation
性，体）:
aspect（人称，有定
Case（格）: boy/ boy’s John/ John’s
talk/ talks/ talking/ talked
All derived from a single root or stem.
The Derivational Way of Formation Two sub-types: (1)Derivation 派生 (2)Compound 复合
In
(P54) a) Noun compounds (名词复合词)
day + break
daybreak (N + V)
b) Verb compounds (动词复合词)
brain + wash
brainwash (N + V)
c) Adjective compounds (形容词复合词)
man + eating
曲折变化指通过附加曲折词缀来表现语法关系。 附加词缀并不会改变被附加词的语法类。(P61-62)
Number（数）: table/ tables apple/ apples Person, finiteness and
maneating (N + V-ing)
d) Preposition compounds (介词复合词)
In + to
into
Compounds are written in different ways.
1.Some appear as a single word. (seashore) 2.Some others are joined with a hyphen “-”. (traffic-light) 3.Some others can be written with ordinary spaces between the two parts. (washing machine) The right member serves as the head.
a)
Word class changed（P62）
N V: length + en un + horse lengthen unhorse
N
Adj :
fool + ish foolish speech + less speechless
b) Word class unchanged (P63)
N N:
non + smoker ex + president V V: dis + obey disobey nonsmoker expresident
Conclusion (P63)
1.word
forms that come from derivation are relatively large and potentially open. 2.In English, there is usually one productive inflectional affix per word, but there may also arise multiple derivational affixes. 3. Some words can carry both prefixes and suffixes.
(2)Compound
Compound
refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separate words to produce a single new word.( icecream, sunrise.) compounds, the lexical morphemes can be of different word class.
(1)Derivation Derivation
shows a relationship between roots and affixes.
Ex. un + conscious unconscious nation + al national
Derivations,
in contrast to inflections, can make the word class of the original word either changed oerivational Way of Formation
• 以派生的方式形成
The Inflectional Way of Formation
Inflection
indicates grammatical relations by adding inflectional affixes.
Word Formation
词的形成
Content
1. Word Formation(1)
--From Morpheme to Word
2. Word Formation(2)
--Lexical Change
1. Word Formation(1)
--From Morpheme to Word
• The Inflectional Way of Formation
性，体）:
aspect（人称，有定
Case（格）: boy/ boy’s John/ John’s
talk/ talks/ talking/ talked
All derived from a single root or stem.
The Derivational Way of Formation Two sub-types: (1)Derivation 派生 (2)Compound 复合
In
(P54) a) Noun compounds (名词复合词)
day + break
daybreak (N + V)
b) Verb compounds (动词复合词)
brain + wash
brainwash (N + V)
c) Adjective compounds (形容词复合词)
man + eating