2024学年常州市“12校合作联盟”高考英语五模试卷(含解析)

2024学年常州市“12校合作联盟”高考英语五模试卷
请考生注意：
1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．Although war still exists on our planet，I do believe it’s possible for different ethnic groups to live together in ______. A．agreement B．harmony
C．connection D．comparison
2．It rained this morning, _____ actually didn’t bother me because I like walking in the rain.
A．what B．when
C．where D．which
3．I feel I am as well-behaved and as careful as my deskmate, but _______ I always fall behind?
A．how about B．how come
C．what if D．what for
4．________ individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all. A．On top of B．By means of
C．In terms of D．In case of
5．He is such an unselfish man. You cannot help but ________ him.
A．respect B．to respect C．neglect D．to neglect
6．—Thank God! This school term is coming to an end!
—Yeah, after all that hard work, we all a holiday.
A．preserve B．observe C．reserve D．deserve
7．With WeChat Pay coming into widespread use, our household bills are convenient ____.
A．paying B．paid C．to pay D．to be paid
8．I wonder ________ the equipment will be available in ten days.
A．that B．when C．whether D．where
9．Hot the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A．although B．while C．as D．however
10．If you want to see Mr. Johnson on Friday morning, make sure he is ______ ahead of time.
A．approachable B．accessible C．available D．convenient
11．Nicholas was very kind, merciful and generous. This is ________ Father Christmas is based on.
A．where B．how C．what D．why
12．The economy in big cities has continued to rise thanks to the local governments to increase ______.
A．that B．them
C．it D．those
13．The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.
A．it B．which
C．that D．what
14．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put
15．—How about his design?
—Well, to tell the truth, it is ______ but satisfactory. So you’ll have to try your best to better it.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
16．________ the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.
A．Offering B．Offered
C．To offer D．Being offered
17．Sympathy for the rebels, the government claimed, is beginning to ______because of more and more harm they did to common people.
A．fade B．decline C．fail D．collapse
18．I wouldn’t have missed the train if I ______ up earlier.
A．got B．had got C．will get D．have got
19．—I heard Mr. Morgan would be here at 4:00 pm. next Thursday.
—No, he _____ at that time.
A．was boarding B．would be boarding
C．will be boarding D．is boarding
20．—Did you pass your driving test?
—Yes, otherwise I ________ to the picnic next month.
A．couldn't drive B．couldn't have driven
C．won't drive D．wouldn't have driven
第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21．（6分）Can you imagine a world without chocolate?It's not something I'd like,so I was relived to read that there's a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate!
The university of Reading,in England,has just opened a new clearing house for all the world's new cocoa varieties.They must be quarantined（隔离）before they can be grown.Why?Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last year but about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases.Now we don't want that,do we?
Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of the new crops since 1985,researchers
think that new varieties are key to solving this problem.
The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crops since 1985,after it took over the task from the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew,London.And it has improved its facilities.The leader of the institution's cocoa project,Professor Paul Hadley,says,“One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean,healthy,increasing cocoa material.”
The cocoa centre has a collection of 3 plant varieties and their green-house uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions.After up to two years in quarantine,clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries, including several in West Africa.That's where 75% of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from.The crop is extremely important for the local economy: it employs about two million people.
Professor Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection.And more of us seem to count on them now.
The scientist says,“there is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly,particularly in countries like China,where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolate." 1、What is the text mainly about?
A．Safeguarding cocoa. B．Planting cocoa worldwide.
C．Keeping cocoa in greenhouse. D．Finding the new market for cocoa.
2、The institution's cocoa project is to_______.
A．have cocoa skin removed B．offer more jobs to people
C．ensure the quality of cocoa D．supply cocoa for two million people
3、What does the last paragraph tell us?
A．The taste of chocolate is changing.
B．Demand for cocoa is increasing fast.
C．People are concerned about cocoa varieties.
D．Chinese have a long history of eating chocolate.
4、What's the purpose of the text?
A．To educate. B．To advertise.
C．To warn. D．To inform.
22．（8分）“Educational researchers, political scientists and economists are i ncreasingly interested in the characteristics and skills that parents, teachers and schools should foster in children to increase chances of success later in life,” said lead author Marion Spengler, PhD of the University of Tubingen.” Our research found th at specific behaviors in high school have long-lasting effects for one’s later life.”
Spengler and her co-authors analyzed data collected by the American Institutes for Research from 346, 660 U. S. high school students in 1960, along with follow-up data from 81,912 of those students 11 years later and 1,952 of them 50 years later. The initial high school phase measured a variety of student behaviors and attitudes as well as personality characteristics, cognitive abilities, parental socioeconomic status and demographic(人口统计的)factors. The follow-up surveys measured overall educational attainment, income and occupational prestige(声望).
Being a responsible student, showing an interest in school and having fewer problems with reading and writing were all significantly associated with greater educational attainment and finding a more prestigious job both 11 years and 50 years after high school. These factors were also all associated with higher income at the 50-year mark. Most effects remained even when researchers controlled parental socioeconomic status, cognitive aibility and other broad personality characteristics such as conscientiousness.
While the findings weren’t necessarily surprising, Spengler noted how reliably specific behaviors people showed in school were able to predict later success.
Further analysis of the data suggested that much of the effect could be explained by overall educational achievements, according to Spengler.
“Student characteristics and behaviors were rewarded in high school and led to h igher educational attainment, which in turn was related to greater occupational prestige and income later in life,” she said. “This study highlights the possibility that certain behaviors at crucial periods could have long-term consequences for a person’s life.”
1、What’s the finding of Marion Spengler’s research?
A．Teachers play a decisive role in students’ later success
B．Personality characteristics are more important than academic performances
C．Higher educational attainment has little to do with occupational prestige
D．Behaviors in the high school should be highly stressed.
2、Which is TRUE about the research?
A．The research was conducted among totally different people during different periods
B．The research was based on the data collected from 1960 to 2010
C．More people were involved in the follow-up surveys
D．The initial high school phase measured attitudes only
3、What is likely to contribute to later success according to the research?
A．Parental socioeconomic status
B．Overall educational achievements
C．Cognitive ability
D．Hard work
4、Why did the researchers control some factors like parental socioeconomic status?
A．To avoid the previous mistakes
B．To highlight the effects of certain specific behaviors
C．To draw an immediate conclusion
D．To hid some negative findings
23．（8分）According to the International Ecotourism Society, eco-travel is “responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment, maintains the well-beings and involves education”. Eco-travel is on the rise, as more and more people become conscious about their carbon footprint.
Expert from Boundless Journeys, Matt Holmes, who works-on travel experiences towards conserving areas said, “As scientists and non-scientists learn more about how we human beings are impacting the planet, I think. more people want to do what they can while still exploring the world. Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys. Travelers can farm their own food in Italy, managing their use of water and using solar or wind power. They can also visit n family-run camp that cares for retired logging elephants in Myanmar, know a park entry fee goes to a conservation organization in Costa Rica, employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group. There are lots of options for seeking out greener holiday.”
Most people believe that eco-travel is expensive and it is true. Matt explained “Anti-poaching patrols (巡逻) need to be paid, solar energy equipment costs a lot to install, building with environmentally friendly, materials is more expensive and so on. The extra cost is necessary, as you re paying to minimize your footprint and protect the places you visit, which is exactly what eco-travel is about. The financial success and sustainability (可持续性) of an eco- focused operation doesn’t come from thin air.” The industry is trying to make eco-travel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.
1、What is the positive influence of eco-friendly travel?
A．It enables travelers to protect the environment while traveling
B．It keeps human beings healthy and happy in a friendly atmosphere.
C．It teaches us to be responsible for the development of economy.
D．It offers some valuable education about the knowledge of gardening.
2、According to Matt Holmes, travelers will be interested in ________.
A．eating delicious food in Italy B．visiting elephants in the zoo
C．working together with a protection group D．raising park entry fee in Costa Rica
3、What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the passage?
A．Why eco-travel is expensive.
B．How we can make eco-travel less expensive.
C．What material are used in eco-travel.
D．Where we can go for eco-travel.
24．（8分）When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位
的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
1、Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?
A．Social values always change with the times.
B．Moral choices vary between different cultures.
C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.
D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.
2、The researchers conducted the study by_____.
A．using a massive online quiz worldwide
B．comparing different cultures and customs
C．dividing the respondents into three groups
D．performing a series of controlled experiments
3、According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally? A．Nigeria B．Colombia
C．Finland D．Indonesia
4、Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.
A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment
B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention
C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society
D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas
25．（10分）Most of us struggle through the time it takes to get a cup of coffee to our lips once our alarms go off. Luckily, this coffee-brewing alarm clock could make those few struggling minutes practically disappear.
An alarm clock that brews a fresh pot of coffee as soon as you wake up actually exists, and you can buy it right now. Thanks to the Barisieur, your morning time will never be the same.
Here’s how it works: Before you go to bed, fill the glass container with water and pour ground coffee into the filter (过滤器). Not a black coffee drinker?
Not to worry --- special drawers keep your cream cold and store your sugar, too.
Then, just set your alarm and go to sleep. This machine will take care of the rest.
A few minutes before your alarm goes off next morning, the Barisieur will begin to brew your coffee. And voila! A hot cup of coffee is waiting for you when your alarm rings and you open your eyes. You won’t even have to leave your bed.
London designer Joshua Renouf designed this invention himself, raising over $500,000 through donations on IndieGoGo. Coffee lovers should act fast and put in a pre-order on the website now, paying just $300. Otherwise, you
have to wait until it hits stores and pay $420.
Owning one of these clocks will be totally worth it. Nothing says “seize the day” quite like waking up to a pot of freshly brewed coffee, after all. Also, the machine isn’t limited to making coffee only in the morning. You can go out and return home with a hot cup of coffee waiting for you.
1、Why does the author mention the struggle?
A．To show making coffee is challenging.
B．To show coffee can make us feel better.
C．To show the coffee-brewing alarm clock is great.
D．To show it is difficult to get up early in the morning.
2、What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The Barisieur. B．The morning time.
C．A hot cup of coffee. D．The glass container.
3、What’s the benefit of pre-ordering the clock on the website now?
A．Y ou can get one much earlier.
B．Y ou can get one at a great discount.
C．Y ou can get donations from its designer.
D．Y ou may have a chance to meet Joshua Renouf.
4、What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To tell us how to make coffee easily.
B．To advertise a new product in a store.
C．To recommend a special kind of alarm clock.
D．To compare traditional alarm clocks and new ones.
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
26．（30分）Trying new things is the only way we can discover hidden talents. I 1 my career as an editor for
a magazine. I didn’t really mind the wo rk, but I wanted something more 2 . Then I was offered a management
3 of a digital reading company. The job was a seemingly
4 mix of my skills and interests, so I jumped at it.
5 , soon after I joined the company, its model changed to focus on K-12 education, and everything about my position changed. I was asked to take on the
6 different roles of selling content to teachers and training people. I felt more than a little
7 my comfort zone.
I knew I wanted to grow as a(an) 8 and make a serious effect on the company. I told myself that everything feels 9 at first and I should at least try. 10 , I felt like I didn’t have a(an) 11 . I knew jumping out
of the 12 was the right thing for me, even though it felt pretty awful.
I was fortunate to be 13 by very helpful people, both at work and at home. They kept 14 me. I spent hours researching my company’s 15 . I asked lots of questions and spoke to many people in need. I looked for opportunities to put in extra 16 . The more I did, the better I felt.
Over time, I discovered that the job was 17 I could do and liked doing. It was an amazing 18 to see the company grow and know that my efforts contributed to 19 success and that it’s important to take risks and accept new 20 . Actually, there’s nothing worse than failing because you refuse to even try.
1、A．started out B．moved up C．developed D．spent
2、A．steady B．comfortable C．paying D．challenging
3、A．guidance B．suggestion C．position D．course
4、A．loose B．perfect C．mild D．complex
5、A．However B．Instead C．Additionally D．Thus
6、A．slightly B．completely C．relatively D．strangely
7、A．inside B．around C．within D．outside
8、A．individual B．consumer C．leader D．adult
9、A．silly B．tough C．fresh D．easy
10、A．On the contrary B．In brief C．In a way D．On one hand
11、A．choice B．idea C．dream D．reason
12、A．control B．touch C．nest D．company
13、A．informed B．surrounded C．followed D．impressed
14、A．convincing B．reminding C．accessing D．encouraging
15、A．staff B．income C．products D．conditions
16、A．effort B．money C．offer D．care
17、A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing
18、A．profit B．reward C．platform D．behavior
19、A．my B．their C．your D．its
20、A．opportunities B．requests C．cultures D．services
第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

27．（15分）Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise, 1．aims at developing strength and flexibility. However, 2．yoga is really about is more than just exercise. People do yoga 3．(hear) what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them. In 2014, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, asked the United Nations to create an
International Day of Yoga. The United Nations agreed, and now International Yoga Day is celebrated on 21 June.
第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）
28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。

短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am one of the few man who work as a nursery school teacher in London、Most of my kids come from families on problems、It's surprised how very young children understand or are aware of things that go wrong in home、This, of course, affects them and sometimes make them very difficult to deal、At such times you have to be very patient with them、
I don't think that women are natural better with children than men are、Anybody who is preparing to understand and help children, and who has the right qualities can look after them and teach them、The qualities are there, in all men and women, but most men don't use them、I think my group of children rather like being with a man for the change, especially since they don't see their fathers very much、So I don't feel I'm doing a ‘woman's job’; in fact, as a man, I feel I can bring something extra to the job、
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
29．（25分）假定你是李华，你计划和同学去当地博物馆参观中国瓷器(Chinese Porcelain)展。

请给喜欢中国文化的外教Josie写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括:
1.出发及返回时间:
2.活动内容:了解中国瓷器的历史，欣赏首次展出的中国瓷器等。

注意:适当增加细节，使行文连贯，词数100左右。

Dear Josie,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
2024学年模拟测试卷参考答案（含详细解析）
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1、B
2、D
3、B
4、C
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、C
9、C
10、C
11、C
12、C
13、A
14、A
15、B
16、D
17、A
18、B
19、C
20、A
第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21、1、A
2、C
3、B
4、D
22、1、D
2、B
3、B
4、B
23、1、A
2、C
3、B
24、1、B
2、A
3、C
4、B
25、1、C
2、A
3、B
4、C
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
26、1、A
2、D
3、C
4、B
5、A
6、B
7、D
8、A
9、B
10、C
11、A
12、C
13、B
14、D
15、C
16、A
17、C
18、B
19、D
20、A
第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

27、1．which
2．what
3．to hear
第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）
28、
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
29、Dear Josie,
Having l earned you are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the local museum next Saturday to appreciate Chinese porcelain.
During the visit, we will learn abundant information about its history. What is the most important is that we have a chance to appreciate some delicate and rare porcelain, some of which is exhibited for the first time. As we all know, porcelain was a Chinese invention and is famous for the finest quality. Thus, you will definitely have a fantastic feast for your eyes. Besides, we should be back around 4pm. If you can come, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 8:00am.
I’m Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.。