2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：43

2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押
题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
（）is known to the world, Mark Twin is a great American writer.
问题1选项
A.That
B.Which
C.As
D.It
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定用法。

As is known to …“众所周知”。

句意：众所周知，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。

故C项正确。

2.
单选题
It is through learning that the individual___ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. 问题1选项
A.retains
B.gains
C.achieves
D.acquires 【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A. retains保持
B. gains获得
C. achieves达到；实现
D. acquires获得；取得
【考察点】近义词辨析。

【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。

of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。

句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。

acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。

这里与habitual ways相符合。

因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】
A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；
B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；
C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。

【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。

3.
单选题
The local government is planning to make（）for the elderly people in a housing program. 问题1选项
A.provision
B.admittance
C.assistance
D.condition
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

provision“准备，规定，条款”；admittance“进入，入场权，通道”；assistance“帮助，援助”；condition“条件，情况，环境”。

make provision for “为将来需要、困难做准备”。

句意：当地政府计划在住房项目上给老年人提供帮助。

A项符合题意。

4.
单选题
This book is divided into five sections. Each section（）a different aspect of the problem.
问题1选项
A.deals with
B.copes with
C.solves
D.handles
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。

deal with“处理，涉及”；cope with“处理，应付”；solve“解决，解答”；handle“处理”。

句意：这本书分为五个部分，每个部分都涉及问题的不同方面。

A项符合题意。

5.
单选题
The person who（）this type of research deserves our praise.
问题1选项
A.originated
B.manufactured
C.generated
D.estimated
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

originate“引起，创作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使发生”；estimate“估计，判断”。

句意：发起这项研究的人值得赞扬。

只有A项符合题意。

6.
单选题
The artist（）an interesting picture by putting the variously-colored shapes together. 问题1选项
posed
B.designed
C.produced
D.invented
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

compose“组合，创作”；design“设计”；produce“生产”；invent“发明”。

句意：艺术家通过把各种颜色的形状组合在一起，创作出一幅有趣的画。

由putting…可知这幅画是将不同的东西组合在一起而创作出来，只有A项符合题意。

7.
单选题
The illegal immigrants were caught and（）by the local government.
问题1选项
A.relegated
B.banished
C.deported
D.expatriated
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

relegate“降级”；banish“放逐，驱逐”；deport“驱逐出境，放逐”；
expatriate“流放，官方法令强迫离开某国或某地”。

句意：这些非法移民被抓了，并且被当地政府驱逐
出境。

此句指的是驱逐出境，故C项正确。

8.
单选题
Many of us believed that person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Jarvik. professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angles, and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.
However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental task than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s, but into the 60s and 70s as well.
As for learning new things, and ability to remember, studies by Dr. Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that the memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we cal l “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace.
In the case s where the older person’s mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or “senility”. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. This depression usually can be counteracted by counseling therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.
In American society, when an older person loses something, we tend to call him or her “senile”. But notice that when a younger person loses something, he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory. He finds some other excuses.
1.According to Dr. Jarvik’s studies, middle-aged and old persons should expect to（）.
2.According to the passage, loss of memory is usually caused by（）.
ually, what appears to be senility is really（）.
4.Which of the following statements will the author most probably support?
5.What is the best title for the passage?
问题1选项
A.remember less
B.reason better
C.learn fewer new things
D.lose little ability to remember, reason or learn
问题2选项
A.poor learning
B.inattention
C.trying to learn too fast
D.none of the above
问题3选项
A.depression
B.mental inactivity
C.loss of memory
D.physically weak
问题4选项
A.Both younger and older persons should realize that senility is much more common than most of us believe.
B.A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that the only factor that declined over the years was psycho-motor speed.
C.In America, younger persons never lose anything, either because of senility or loss of memory.
D.Dr. Jarvik's research reveals that the older person’s mind really seems never to decay.
问题5选项
A.Research Reveals Old Myths about Mind’s Decline
B.Old Age Accelerates Mind’s Decline
C.A New Psychiatric Theory Saves Older Persons
D.How to Keep Mentally Active
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】1.推理判断题。

由第二段“Dr. Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s, but into the 60s and 70s as well. 贾维克博士的研究表明，知识和推理能力并没有下降。

不仅在30岁和40岁是这样，在60岁和70岁也是如此。

”可知中年人和老年人的智力和推理能力几乎没有下降。

故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。

由第三段“However, much of what we call ‘loss of memory’ is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace. 然而，我们所谓的‘失忆’，其实根本不是这样的。

它们通常首先是不完整的学习。

例如，老年人可能听力不好，或视力不好，或注意力不集中，或试图以太快的速度学习新事物。

”可知“记忆丧失”根本就没有这回事。

A、B、C三项是导致看似记忆力下降的原因。

3.细节事实题。

由倒数第二段“In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decay,
i t is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or ‘senility’. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. 在老年人的大脑似乎真的在衰退的情况下，这并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的迹象。

通常这只是抑郁情绪的一种表现。

”可知低落情绪是导致老年人的大脑看似衰退的原因。

故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。

由倒数第一、二句“But notice that when a younger person loses something, he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory. He finds some other excuses. 但是请注意，当一个年轻人失去什么东西时，他不会责怪衰老或失忆。

他找了一些其他的借口。

”可知C项“在美国，年轻人从来不会因为衰老或失忆而失去任何东西。

”正确。

A项“年轻人和老年人都应该认识到，衰老比我们大多数人认为的要普遍得多”；B项“对136对双胞胎的长期研究表明，多年来唯一下降的因素是心理运动速度”；D项“贾维克博士的研究表明，老年人的大脑似乎永远不会衰退”都与原文不符。

5.主旨大意题。

本文开头提出人们对大脑的错误认识，即随着年龄增长，理解力和记忆力下降，大脑衰退。

随后介绍了Dr. Jarvik 的研究结果。

即衰老并不会影响人的智力。

接下来的内容均围绕该主题展开。

故B项“老年加速心智衰退”正确。

9.
单选题
His family tried to___ into the white and Hispanic communities.
问题1选项
A.melt
B.assimilate
C.involve
D.weaver
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. melt融化
B. assimilate 吸收；使同化
C. involve包含；牵涉
D. weaver织布工；编织工
【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】assimilate into表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。

句中white and Hispanic communities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。

B选项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。

10.
单选题
Mary once ___ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
问题1选项
A.merged
B.collaborated
C.coincided
D.constituted
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. merged （由指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失
B. collaborated 合作
C. coincided 一致，符合；同时发生
D. constituted 组成
【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴随。

根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。

B选项符合句意，正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。

11.
单选题
Archaeologists have discovered the（）of a marble column of the ancient temple.
问题1选项
A.remnant
B.fragments
C.scrap
D.shred
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

remnant“剩余，残余，遗迹”；fragment“碎片，片段或不完整的部分”；scrap“碎片，残余物，残羹剩饭，废金属，”；shred“碎片，细条”。

句意：考古学家已经发现这座古庙大理石柱的残迹。

故A项符合题意。

12.
单选题
Her husband is interested in designing electronic（）. 问题1选项
A.management
B.safety
C.devices
D.routine
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

management“管理，经营”；safety“安全”；device“设备”；routine“例行公事，常规”。

electronic devices“电子设备”。

句意：她丈夫对设计电子设备感兴趣。

故C项符合题意。

13.
单选题
The psychologist William James believed that facial expressions not only provide a visible sign of an （） .
问题1选项
A.emotion but also actually contributing to the feeling itself
B.emotion; they also actually contribute to the feeling of
C.emotion but also actually contribute to the feeling itself
D.emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself
【答案】C
【解析】not only…but also表示并列关系，前后分句的结构应该保持一致，宾语从句的主语为facial expressions，not only后面接的是provide，故but also后面也应该用动词复数contribute to…故答案C。

句意：心理学家威廉•詹姆斯认为,面部表情不仅提供情感的可见迹象，而且也有助于感觉本身。

14.
单选题
Water will continue to be（）it is today—next in importance to oxygen.
问题1选项
A.how
B.which
C.as
D.what
【答案】D
【解析】考查语法。

后面破折号的内容是对前一句做进一步的补充说明，空格处所在句子为表语从句，所填词引导表语从句且在句中做宾语。

故D项正确。

句意：水将依然处于仅次于氧气的重要地位。

15.
单选题
The escaped prisoner jumped onto the boat and then（）it away from the seashore with a pole.
问题1选项
A.pushed
B.shoved
C.urged
D.pressed
【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。

push“推动，增加”；shove“挤，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“压，按，逼迫”。

push away=shove。

句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用杆子将船退离岸边。

只有A项能与away搭配，且符合句意。

故A项正确。