现代大学英语第六册精读课后题答案

Unit1
1.Virtue,is~~self-centered.
-By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest.
2.Poverty was a product of their excessive fecundity.
-The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.
3.~~the rich were not responsible for ether its creation or its amelioration.
-the rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they shouldn’t be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.
4.It’s merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of god
-It’s only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or to human society.
5.It declined in popularity,and references to it acquired a condemnatory tone
-people began to reject Social Darwinism cuz it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship.therefore,when it was mentioned,it was usually the target of criticism.
6.~~the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end,it was only suspended.
-The desire to find a way to justify the concern for the poor hadn’t been abandoned,it had only been put off
7.~~only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches,flashlights,coffee makers,and toilet seats
-Government officials,on the whole,are good,it’s very rare that som e high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks
8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction
-It’s a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it’s not true. 9.Belief can be the servant of truth-but even more of convenience
-Belief can be useful in the search for truth.but more often than not it’s accepted cuz it’s convenient and self-serving
10.George Gilder~~who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort
-GG advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great effort to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard
Unit2
1.But these marks of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song -Though the place wasn’t pleasant or disagreeable,my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored uncultivated natural state and the challenge
2.‘I’m afraid the day’s going to catch us’I explained,wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did
-As a little girl, I believed my father’s words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster-if we didn’t hurry up,the day would catch us and terrible things might happen
3.~~from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door
-In this place,though police would make some effort without real earnest to investigate Waston and bring him to court,there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities
4.The stranglehold Waston had over this section of Florid was not dissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen,other legal crooks,and even governors that our state was to suffer through its history
-The control Waston had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law--enforcing officials and government which florida witnessed in the twentieth century
5.There was the little shack,not the most gracious of living quarters,and there was
a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor,about thirty miles away
-Before the family built their own house,they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key,close to the merciless waston
6.King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day
-We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by king richard, who was famous for his love of food,couldn’t possibly compare with ours
7.Despite the unrelenting heat,we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine
-Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother’s sessions indoors.we would have to read and write with her every day no matter what weather was like
Unit3
1.~~even droughts,floods,and heat waves may become unwitting acts of man
What people do may unintentionally cause droughts,floods,and heat waves
2.But this image,now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs,posters,and advertisements is misleading
The Earth we see in photos,posters and ads,which appears so beautiful,is not the true reflection of the world we live in ;such image lulls us into complaceny
3.The technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphere
Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effect on ecology
4.~~Which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into the preexisting system
The fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system
5.Defined so narrowly,it’s no surprise that cars h ave properties that are hostile to environment
When cars are produced to serve such narrowly purpose,it’s no surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment
6.Yield rose,but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application~
The farm applied more and more fertilizer,and the production did rise but didn’t at the same rate of fertilizer
7.~~their waste is flushed into the sewer system,altered in composition but not in amount at a treatment plant
People eat the plants and animals,and their waste is flushed into the sewer system.After being processed,the waste is still waste.The residue will go into rivers oceans and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem
8.Left to their own devices,ecosystem are conservative
If the ecosytems are not upset by outside intrusion,they will remain the same with very little change
9.In contrast to the ecosphere,the technosphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variation
The characteristics of objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety
10.But this done only at the cost of understanding
If we take sides in the war of the two worlds, we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause the war.thus,we lose the chance to really solve the grave environment crisis.
Unit5
1.~~the national rejection of dogmatic preconception about the nature of the social and economic order
There are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted,the country just rejected such prejudice
2.Nor can one suggest that American have been consistently immune to the ideological temptation
-No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding,preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas
3.~~and any intellect so shaped was bound to have certain vulnerability to secular ideology ever after
-A mind influenced by Calvinst theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking
4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid of abstraction than ideology is wholly devoid of experience
-Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking 5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson is today remote—a figure not of present concern but of historical curiosity
-As a man following a fixed set of beliefs,Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure.His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality
6.~~(and often)whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood
-Their central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective
7.~~where free men may find partial truths,but where no mortal man will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute Truth~
-In this universe a person whose mind is constrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only Truth.
8.But ideology is a drug,no matter how much it’s exposed by experience,the craving for it still persist
Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience,people still long to commit themselves to ideology
9~~the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse
-The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power
10.The distinctive human triumph~~lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving but to strive nonetheless
-The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try,they can’t achieve Absolute Truth,yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up
Unit7
1.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life
-As a result of technological development,human beings now have the power to put an end to poverty and human misery,but at the same time they also possess the power to destroy the whole world,rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless
2.~~unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights
-We do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights 3.To those people in the huts and villiaged of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery,we pledge our best efforts to help themselves
-To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas,we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts 4.But this peaceful revolution of hope can’t become the prey of hostile powers -But we shouldn’t let any Communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress to expand its influence
5.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house
-We want to make clear to the Communist powers that Americas are Americas of the Americans.Do not attempt to penetrate into this area
6~~before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction
~before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war launched in a preemptive attack or caused by accident
7~~yet both racing to alter the uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war
-Yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the nuclear arms race so as to break the mutual deterrence which has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war
8~~civility is not a sign of weakness,and sincerity is always subject to proof
-To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly relations doesn’t mean that we are weak or afraid.Declarations of sincere intention have to be tested by actions 9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors Let the two sides use the fruits of science for the benefit of humanity rather than using high-tech weapons to kill and destroy
10~~each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty
-There have been occasions for each generation of Americans to be called upon to fight and die for their country
Unit10
1.Saint Goergy may caper in banners and in the speeches of politicians,but it’s Jonhn Bull who delivers the goods
-As Saint Goergy is a hero,the patron of arms,symbolizing chivalry,his image often appears on banners,and his name is often mention in the speeches of politicians. Saint Goergy is used as a symbolic figure of political purpose. But Jonhn Bull is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time
2.With its boarding-houses,its compulsory games,its system of prefects and fagging,its insistence on good form and on esprit de corps.it produces a type whose weight is out of all proportion to its numbers
-The English public schools have unique features.first all boys living in boarding houses,second,sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricular,third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former,lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit.These features enable the public school student to have disproportionately great influence
3.Now the word “bankrupt”,I spoke as a member of a prudent middle-class nation,always anxious to meet my liabilities
-Pay attention to my use of the word “bankrupt”,a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of commercial nation,who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risk of failing to pay their debts
4.But my friend spoke as an Oriental, and the Oriental has behind him a tradition.not of middle-class prudence but of kingly munificence and splendor
-But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries.They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity and richness,which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence
5.True love in this is differs from gold and clay.That to divide is not to take away -In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided and taken away.Yet,if we share true love,it will never diminish
6.I will now descend from that dizzy and somewhat unfamiliar height.and return to my business of notetaking
-In the above anecdote,I have become a example of Englishmen for the moment.That put me in a high position which make me dizzy and is unfamiliar to me.I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteistic of Englishman
7.Such a combination is fruitful,and anyone who possesses it has gone a long way toward being brave
The Englishman’s nervous system acts promptly and feel slowly.The combi nation of the two qualities is useful,and anyone who has this combination is most likely to be brave
8.Since literature always rests upon national character,there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fir we see
-As literature is based on national character,there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passion that have produced th great somatic literature we see 9.‘Oh I’m used to Bernard Shaw;money tricks don’t hurt me
-This kind of criticism is just like BernardShaw’s attacks.It’s nothing new and I’m used to these tricks and jokes; they won’t do any harm to me
10.And the “tolerant humorous attitude”with which he comfronts them is not really humorous,because it’s bounded by the titter and the guffaw
-The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism.In fact it’s not so,because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter,which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude,they are uneasy.when they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism,they would titter and guffaw.Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness
11.The cats are all out of their bags and diplomacy can’t recall them
-I have made all my opinions known to you.What is said is said,and being diplomatic can’t unsay what has been said。