存在碎片化学习、学习质量和效果上还有差距案例
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
存在碎片化学习、学习质量和效果上还有差距案例
案例1:词汇学习,以外研版《英语》(新标准)必修4 Module 2“Traf fic Jam”Getting Around in Beijing为例。
场景描述:读前或读后,教师找出课文中的生词、难词进行讲解。
impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
impressive bus routes;
impressive speech
在阅读课上,教师向学生介绍了生词的原本意义和用法,这种做法远远没有完成词汇的学习任务。
因为词汇的意义可能有多个层面——词汇的原本意义、词汇在语境中的意义、词汇的文化内涵、词汇的语法意义和词汇的搭配,等等,而这些知识只能从语境中获取。
Tourists shouldnt miss the 103 bus which offers one of the mos t impressive routes,past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.
除课文中的例句外,教师又列举了另外一个包含impressive的句子:She was very impressive in the interview.
從以上两个句子中,学生可以了解到impressive是一个形容词,用于修饰人或物,表示给人留下很深刻的印象。
作者写下这些句子的目的是什么?这个问题学生只能从更加广阔的语篇中去寻找答案。
案例2:语法学习,以北师大版《英语》选修8 Unit 23 Lesson 1“Livi ng in a Cmmunity”为例。
场景描述:教师讲解倒装句的结构,学生做练习,将含有否定词的单句变成倒装句。
T:Please look at the underlined sentences. Can you work out t heir original forms?
Being a bachelor,Yang Ming held parties every night but the biggest problem was his late-night drumming. Seldom has drummin g caused such conflict. Had they known their neighbour was a dru mmer,they wouldnt have moved into the building. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep. Neither could they relax or read a book without plugg ing their ears.
Example:
Had they known their neighbour was a drummer,they wouldnt have moved into the building.
If they had known their neighbour was a drummer,they woul dnt have moved into the building.
Ss:They had no sooner moved in than the noise began and t hey rarely get a full nights sleep. They could neither relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
T:Right. This is called Inversion (倒装句).
这是一位教师的课堂实录。
在课堂结束时,学生能够写出倒装句。
但是从对该阅读文本的理解上看,作者为什么要在这里使用倒装句?作者希望读者在阅读
这些倒装句的时候,获得一种什么样的感受?当教师将语法和语篇修辞手法的学习与语篇的理解分割开来教学时,学生将无法获得该语法和修辞知识在语篇中的意义。
如果我们能够从把握语篇的角度看待该语法知识的学习,完成以下步骤后的学习效果将会大为不同:
(1)学生快速阅读教材Grammar部分对倒装句的介绍,了解强调句表达强烈感情的用途。
(2)回答问题:Why did the author invert the sentences here?
(3)学生听该部分录音,体会录音中倒装句的重音处理等,感受文中邻居们的愤怒。
(4)学生大声朗读该部分课文。
相信这样的教学才能够让学生真正体会到倒装句在该语篇中的意义。
因为这时的语法教学不仅是为考试而学习语法,而是为理解作者的意图而学习语法。
这样的语法学习整合了听、读,甚至还有写的部分,为理解作者意图或表达自己的思想服务,这样的学习才是从整体出发的。
学生从这样的学习中获得的语法知识才是完整而可用的。
2.信息提取“碎片化”,只见树木不见林
案例3:以北师大版《英语》必修3 Unit 9 Lesson 4 The Road to De struction为例。
场景描述:
T:Please say what these figures mean:30%;3000;25,000,000;99%;25,000.
Ss:
In the last ten years,the number of cars on the roads in Britai n has gone up by 30%.
Over 3000 people die every year in road accidents in Britain.
There are now 25,000,000 cars in this country.
In London,car engines produce 99% of all carbon monoxide i n the atmosphere.
25,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
如果信息的提取和運用到此为止,那么学生对这个语篇的理解仍然是“碎片化”的。
局部的信息提取要为篇章的整体理解服务。
指向主旨理解的信息整合需要教师提出启发性的问题:
T:The author says “But anger and stress are nothing compar ed to the real costs of the motor car.”What are the real costs?
Ss:The real costs are shown by these figures.
T:What do these figures tell us?
Ss:More and more cars have brought us traffic jams,which make us angry and stressed. Worse still,they are damaging our en vironment and taking away our lives. We are not on the road to ou r destination. Instead,we are on the road to death,to destructio n.
T:Why does the author use figures instead of telling us the re asons?
Ss:To make his conclusion more convincing.
完整的教学才能让学生对文本有深入的理解。
当然,在实际的教学中,只有少数学生能够直接理解到这个层次。
但是如果教师能够提出启发性的问题,让学生跟着教师的教学进行由浅入深的意义探究,那么学生的理解就有可能达到这个层次,学生的思维品质就有望在意义探究中得到发展。
同时,学生能学会有理有据地阐述自己的观点。
3. 机械地学习文章结构,缺乏融会贯通
案例4:以北师大版《英语》必修4 Unit 11 Lesson 3 “The Advertisi ng Game”为例。
教学场景:教师让学生画语篇的思维导图。
学生根据自己的理解添加了一些关键词,完成思维导图(见图1)。
教师让学生借助自己画的思维导图复述文本。
以上是目前阅读教学中常见的做法。
很多英语教师开始学习使用思维导图来帮助学生掌握阅读语篇的结构。
但是这样的文章结构学习还只是停留在对文章表面的结构认知上,要了解文章的主旨和作者的写作意图,教师还需在语篇的衔接和信息的组织方式上引导学生进行更深入的学习。
如:
T:What is the driving force that has pushed the advertising ga me to evolve?
Ss:Market competition.
T:What has helped the advertising game to update its produc ts?Please find evidence from the text or give examples from our l ife to support your opinion. Answers may vary.
Ss:The development of technology. More and more customers have come to be aware of the advertisers selling purposes. So…
在阅读的过程中,一切的学习活动——对语法、词汇、句子的学习,快速阅读,细节理解,文章结构的学习等,都应为学生理解文章的主旨和作者的意图服务。
这样的学习方式才能使学生的认知升级,才能有效发展学生的英语学科素养。