Unit 2 Grammar 课件-高中英语外研版(2019)必修第二册

(2)should ①表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。 ◆The children should be taken good care of. 这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。 ②表示推测，指有一定根据的推测，意为“按道理应该”。 ◆It is three o’clock now.The football match should begin soon. 现在 3 点了。足球赛应该很快就要开始了。 ③表示惊讶，意为“竟会，居然”。 ◆It’s a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾，你竟然如此粗心。
3．can (could) have done 表示对过去的某种情况的怀疑或不确 定，一般用于否定句和疑问句中；could 的语气较 can 弱。could have done 还可表示过去本来能做的事情却没做。 ◆He cannot have left.His bag is still in the room. 他绝不可能走了，他的包还在房间里呢。 ◆In my view, this accident could have been avoided. 依我看，这次事故本ould 的语气更加委婉。 ◆Would you please come here to help me? 请你来这儿帮我好吗？ (3)表示习惯或特性，以及自然的规律性。will 用于现在，would 用于过去。 ◆Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着这条河散步。 ◆She would do her homework in the library when she studied in the university. 当她在这所大学学习时，她常在图书馆里做作业。
if you had given her more chances.
6．You __n_e_e_d_n_'_t_ (needn’t/mustn’t) have told him the news; he knew it already. 7．Children _s_h_o_u_l_d_n_'_t (shouldn’t/don’t have to) be allowed to play in the street.It’s too dangerous. 8．I have a habit.When I get on a bus and see an advertisement, I __w_i_l_l ____ (ought to/will) read it. 9．If you’re not careful, you ___m__a_y___ (need/may) get into even worse trouble.I’m sure about that. 10．If he had started at nine o’clock, he _o_u_g_h_t_t_o__ (ought to/need) be in London now.It’s eleven o’clock.
(2)表示说话人的猜测。 ◆The two teams are equal in ability, so the game between them ought to be a close one. 这两个队能力相当，因此他们之间的比赛应该是一场势均力敌 的比赛。 (3)ought to 的否定式是在 ought 后加 not，疑问式是将 ought 提前。 ◆If you make a promise, you should keep it and you ought not to break it. 如果你做出了承诺，你就应该遵守诺言，不应该食言。
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1．你本没必要花掉你所有的钱。 You __n_e_ed__n_'t_h_a_v_e__s_p_e_n_t_ all your money. 2．汤姆一定是错拿了你的词典。 Tom _m__u_s_t _h_a_v_e_t_a_k_e_n____ your dictionary by mistake. 3．当你培养对足球的兴趣时，你也应该重视你的学习。
◆She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to
sing it. 她特别喜欢这首歌，因为她妈妈过去经常唱它。
3．shall 与 should 的用法 (1)shall ①shall 用于疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见，这时可以用第一 人称和第三人称。 ◆Henr y is waiting outside.Shall he come in, sir ? 亨利正在门外等着，要他进来吗，先生？ ②shall 用于陈述句，常与第二人称或第三人称连用，表示允诺、 命令、警告和强制，或表示说话人的决心等。 ◆You shall be punished for what you’ve done. 你会为你所做的事情受到处罚。 ◆Tell J er r y he shall get a gift if he is nice. 告诉杰里，如果表现好，他会得到一份礼物。
While developing your interest in football, you _o_u_g_h_t__to__p_a_y_a_t_t_e_n_ti_o_n_t_o___ your study, too.
4．据说那个小镇里有很多旅馆，找到地方住应该不会有困难。
It is said that there are many hotels in that town.There _sh__o_u_ld_n_'_t_b_e__a_n_y_d_i_f_fi_c_u_lt_y__ in finding somewhere to stay. 5．让人惊奇的是，这样一位绅士竟然对这位女士这么粗鲁。 It is strange that such a gentleman _s_h_o_u_l_d_b_e__so__r_u_d_e___ to the lady.
(2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“有可能”。用于肯定句或否定 句中；might 语气更加不肯定。 ◆The traffic is very heavy these days.I may arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? 这些天交通很拥挤，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我留个位置好 吗？ ◆She might go out because the phone was ringing all the time. 她可能出去了，因为电话一直在响。
表示“过去常常”，但仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不 would
表示状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样 表示“过去常常”，既表示过去的动作也表示过去 used to 的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了
◆He would sit there for a long time, doing nothing. 他过去常常长时间地坐在那里，什么也不做。
4．should (ought to) have done 表示过去本应该做某事但实际上 没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了。 ◆You ought not to have made fun of him, and you should have learned from him. 你本不应该取笑他的，你本应该向他学习。 5．needn’t have done 表示过去做了不必做的事情。 ◆We needn’t have worried about the maths exam.It was a piece of cake. 我们本不必担心数学考试，实际上它很容易。
Unit 2 Let's celebrate
情态动词(二)
一、情态动词的基本用法 1．may 与 might 的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might 在语气上比 may 更委婉。以 may/might 开头的问句在否定回答中要用 mustn’t。
◆You may choose whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就选择什么。 ◆—May I stay in the room for a while? ——我可以在这个房间待一会儿吗？ —Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t. ——是的，可以。/不，不可以。
6．would like/love to have done sth.表示本打算/本想做某事。 ◆I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我本打算读这篇文章的，但是当时我太忙了。
Ⅰ 选词填空 1．He___m__ig_h_t__ (must/might) get here in time, but I can’t be
arrived at the train station two hours early. 4．Tom, you are too lazy.The work __s_h_o_u_ld___ (must/should)
have been finished yesterday. 5．She __m_i_g_h_t___ (might/need) have achieved greater progress,
2．will 与 would 的用法 (1)表示意愿，would 是 will 的过去式。 ◆I will do my best to help you.我愿尽力帮你。 ◆—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? ——你昨晚为什么没有来参加西蒙的聚会？ —I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me go out so late at night. ——我想去，但是我妈妈不愿意让我晚上这么晚出去。
4．ought to 的用法 (1) 表示出于义务、责任、道义等方面的要求而该做某事。 ◆To hand in the paper in time, we ought to have a busy schedule. 为了及时交上论文，我们的日程应该紧一点。 ◆To build up our body, we ought to do enough exercise, such as running, swimming and hiking. 为了增强体质，我们应该做足够的运动，比如跑步、游泳和远 足。
二、情态动词＋have done 1．must have done 表示对过去发生的动作或状态进行推测，语 气比较肯定，通常只用于肯定句中。 ◆I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我没听到电话，我肯定是睡着了。 2．may (might) have done 表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进 行不肯定的推测；might 的语气比 may 弱；主要用于肯定句或 否定句中。 ◆The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure. 那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。
sure. 2．As middle school students, we _o_u_g_h_t_t_o__ (have to/ought to)
learn from the real heroes. 3．He __c_a_n_'_t___ (can’t/mustn’t) have missed the train; he