定语从句知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

定语从句
定语的概念
定语是用来描述、修饰、限定名词或代词的成分，常和名词构成名词短语。

前置定语：形容词，代词，数词，名词，名词所有格，分词
定语
后置定语：形容词（修饰代词），副词，介词短语，不定式，分词短语，从句前置定语：
1.Open your mouth.
2.She cut the cake into two pieces.
3.This is a stone table.
4.This is Tom’s book.
5.Put the child in the sleeping bag.
6.You should adapt to the changing situation.
7.The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
后置定语
1.I have got something interesting to tell every one of you.
2.The building around were badly damaged.
3.The books on the desk were just bought.
4.Let’s try another way to do this.
5.There is a gentleman asking to see you.
6.Most of the people invited to the party are famous scientists.
7.He lost his new pen that was bought last week.
定语从句的概念关系代词
1.
关系副词
关系代词：that,which, who,whom,whose,as
关系副词：where,when,why
关系代词练习：
1.He is the man ______lives next door.
2.Some people ______are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
3.I happened to meet the professor_________I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.
4.Do you know the girl_______Japanese is excellent.
5.Please pass me the book______ cover is green.
6.Please pass me the book of_______ is green.
7.The train _________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
8.The river runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.
9.This is the book_______you are looking for.
10.You can take as many books _______ you need.
11.Jeffrey is not such an intelligent person ______ you think.
12.This is the same book_______ I lost yesterday.
关系副词练习
1.I still remember the time_______I first traveled by plane.
2.This is the mountain village _____I lived last year.
3.I don’t want to listen to any reason ______ you were absent.
介词+关系代词
1.I’ll never forget the days on____we studied together.
2.The year in_____the earthquake happened was 1976.
3.This is the house in______ I lived 10 years ago.
4.There’s no reason for _____we shouldn’t be friends.
5.Here are the questions, some of____ I thought difficult for you.
6.The lady has three sons, two of_____ are doctors.
7.This is the man,from_____pocket I found my wallet.
8.The little boy hid himself behind the door, from_______he could see his mum enter the room.
9.I bought a great many books,____which I spent all my money that I saved.
10.Travelling leather shoes is the business ______which the Greens are devoted.
11.I’ll never forget the time______which I spent my childhood in the country.
12.The computer _____which I can’t work broke down.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
用非限制性定语从句的情况：
1.当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句
①The boy was away from home for a week,______worried his parents very much.
②He was late for class again,___________made the teacher very angry.
2.当先行词指世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句
①Charles Smith,______was my former teacher,retired last year.
②Jinan,_____is a nice city,attracts many visitors every year.
非限制性定语从句练习：
1.I have an elder brother,_____works in Beijing.
2.I earn only 1000 dollars a month, half of_____ is spent on my car.
3.I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most of_____are from abroad.
4._____is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.
5.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,_____is known to all.
6.He tore up my photo,_____ upset me.
7.Lily might possibly come,in_____case I’ll ask her.
定语从句中的注意事项：
1.关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中做宾语或表语时可省略
①I have never regretted the decision that/which I made years ago.
②The village is not the one that it was years ago.Great changes have taken place.
③Generation gap is a problem that people are interested in.
2.关系副词的省略：先行词the place,the reason,the way后的关系副词可省略
①This is the place where we met years ago.
②The reason why he did that is quite clear.
③I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
3.只用that不用which的情况
（1）当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,nothing,none,some等不定代词或被这些代词修饰时
①All that can be done has been done.
②All the things that we can do is to give you some advice.
（2）当先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just等修饰时
This is the very book that I want.
（3）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
①This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
②When people talk about Hangzhou, the first______ comes to mind is the West Lake.
（4）当先行词即有人又有物时
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances _____they saw at the Children’s Palace.
（5）主句时以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
①Which of us____ knows something about physics cannot join electric wires.
②Who is the man_____is giving the speech?
4.用which不用that的情况
①The house in_____I used to live has become a shoe shop.
②She lost the game,______depressed her greatly.
③I don’t like that______he did.
④Here is the English grammar book _____, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5.只用who不用that的情况
（1）先行词是指人的不定代词one,ones,anyone,those时
①The one who flatter me don’t please me.
②Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
（2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中
The boy was crying hard _____lost his way while looking for his mother.
（3）there be结构中主语是指人的名词时
There is an old man______ wants to see you.
6.分隔式定语从句
（1）There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
（2）Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.
（3）A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach your German.
定语从句真题专练：
1.（2020江苏）Many lessons are now available online, from ____ students can choose for free.
2.（2020天津）Dr. Rowan, _________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
3.（2020新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist_____paintings were almost lifelike.
4.(2019·江苏卷) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
5.(2019·天津卷)11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say single words but not full sentences.
6.(2019·新课标III卷)They were well trained by their teachers________had great experience.
7.(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those_______are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_______live within the Giant Panda Range。

9.(2022.北京卷)That includes cups, bottles,and bags,most of_______are only good for one use.
10.（2022.全国甲卷）On the 1100 kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.。