2025版高中英语教案选择性必修第三册-UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2025版备考高中英语教案选择性必修第三册
UNIT3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.melt v i.&v t.（使）融化；熔化；软化
2.release v t.&n.排放；释放；发布
3.fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行v t.给……提供燃料；加强；刺激
4.worldwide ad v.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的
5.trend n.趋势；趋向
6.broadcast v t.&v i.（过去式broadcast；过去分词broadcast）播送；广播n.广
播节目
7.policy n.政策；方针；原则
8.seize v t.抓住；夺取；控制
9.reform v i.&v t.改革n.改革
10.undergo v t.（过去式underwent；过去分词undergone）经历；经受（变化、
不快等）
11.restore v t.恢复；使复原；修复
12.dozen n.（一）打；十二个
13.fine v t.对……处以罚款
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.star v e v i.&v t.（使）挨饿；饿死→star v ation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死→star v ing adj.极饿的
2.ecology n.生态；生态学→ecologist n.生态学家→ecological adj.生态的；生态
学的
3.sustain v t.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
prehend v i.&v t.理解；包括→comprehension n.理解；包括→comprehensi v e adj.全部的；所有的；综合性的；详尽的
5.frequent adj.经常的；频繁的→frequently ad v.频繁地；经常→frequency n.频
繁
6.restrict v t.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
→restricted adj.受限制的；保密的→restricti v e adj.限制性的；约束的
7.harmony n.融洽；和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的
8.submit v t.&v i.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n.提交；呈递；屈服→submissi v e adj.顺从的
9.annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→annually ad v.每年；一年一次地
10.sense n.感觉；理解力→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→senseless adj.无意义的；
失去知觉的→sensiti v e adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→insensiti v e adj.不敏感的；
不在乎的；麻木的
11.smog n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的
12.conser v e v t.保护→conser v ation n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持→
conser v ati v e adj.保守的
13.inspect v t.检查；视察→inspection n.检查；查看；视察→inspector n.检查
员；视察员
14.tolerate v t.忍受；包容；容许→tolerance n.容忍；宽容→tolerable adj.可容忍的→tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.graph n.图；图表；曲线图
2.emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
3.fossil n.化石
4.footprint n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积
5.tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
6.chaos n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱
7.nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
8.jungle n.（热带）丛林；密林
9.v olume n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷
10.enterprise n.公司；企业；事业
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.ha v e an impact on对……有影响
2.cause damage to对……造成伤害
3.lead to导致
4.take action/measures采取行动/措施
5.in search of寻找
6.die out灭亡
7.on behalf of代表/代替某人
8.end up最终；结果
9.dozens of许多
10.in effect在实施中；实际上
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.（There is little doubt that...）
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖。

2.Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.（without引起的虚拟语气）
没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。

3.There is strong and comprehensi v e e v idence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human li v es.（that引导的同位语从句；not only...but also...）有强有力并且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人类生命损失。

4.Pre v iously，water quality in the Li Ri v er had suffered greatly from an increasing v olume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the ri v er.（"代词＋of＋whom"
引导的非限制性定语从句）
此前，漓江的水质因游客数量增加而受到严重破坏，许多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。

5.Water pollution le v els increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the ri v er.（"with＋宾语＋现在分词"构成的复合结构）
随着越来越多的家庭和商业废水流入河流，水污染程度增加。

语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Carbon dioxide is released through human acti v ities such as burning fossil fuels，as well as natural processes such as v olcanic eruptions.
2.It is warned that this warming trend will become worse if we do not take appropriate measures.
3.An increase in a v erage temperature by only a few degrees could cause en v ironmental problems worldwide.
4.The concert will be broadcast li v e on tele v ision and radio tomorrow e v ening.
5.The present go v ernment’s policy on education tries to include e v ery child.
6.The law needs to be reformed since it is not suitable any more with the de v elopment of the country.
7.Students seized the opportunity to enjoy themsel v es in nature.
8.Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.After the earthquake，some star v ing people trapped in ruins died of star v ation at last.
（star v e）
2.The go v ernment tries to build a harmonious society，where people can li v e harmoniously with others.（harmony）
3.The consultant was a frequent v isitor to this company in the last month.Therefore，employees saw him in manager’s office frequently.Howe v er，the frequency has decreased a lot this week.Maybe the problem has been sol v ed.（frequent）
4.The company is totally sustained by its spare money，and is bound to go into bankruptcy without a sustainable system in the months ahead.（sustain）
5.To conser v e wildlife，our go v ernment tries its best to raise public awareness of wildlife conser v ation.At a conser v ati v e estimate，hundreds of species ha v e been sa v ed from distinction.（conser v e）
6.A group of inspectors are about to inspect our school，and then they will make a judgment according to their inspection.（inspect）
7.My best friend’s parents are v ery tolerant towards her choices as long as they are tolerable，but sometimes she pushes them too far.（tolerate）
8.Ecologists belie v e that the system is both practical and ecologically sound.
（ecology）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
1.Our go v ernment is attempting to take measures to pre v ent and control air pollution.
2.Dozens of v olunteers ha v e been assigned to dispose of the garbage since last week.
3.On behalf of the staff，I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you.
4.Microplastics ha v e become one of the most pressing global en v ironmental issues，which
ha v e an impact on the climate and en v ironment.
5.One of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to de v elop modern science and technology.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.毋庸置疑，汽车排放物已经成为一个大问题，尤其是在城市里。

（There is little doubt that...）
There is little doubt that car emissions ha v e become a big problem，especially in cities.
2.没有严格的政策和有效的措施，中国就不可能在环境保护方面取得如此巨大的成就。

（without引起的虚拟语气）
Without strict policies and effecti v e measures/steps，China couldn’t ha v e made such great achie v ements in en v ironmental protection.
3.有证据表明动植物对气候很敏感。

（that引导的同位语从句）
There is e v idence that animals and plants are sensiti v e to climate.
4.作为中国的首都，北京不仅有悠久的历史，还是一个现代化的城市。

（not only...but also...）
As the capital of China，Beijing not only has a long history，but also is a modern city.
5.30名参赛者将参加，每人需要发表3至5分钟的演讲。

（"代词＋of＋whom"引导的非限
制性定语从句）
Thirty competitors will take part，each of whom is required to deli v er a speech of3to5
minutes.
6.随着暑假的临近，似乎每个人都在忙着做假期计划。

（"with＋宾语＋现在分词"构成的
复合结构）
With the summer holidays approaching，it seems that e v erybody is busy making holiday plans.
核心突破
1.Earth is getting warmer，which is a politically causing many creatures across the world to ha v e star v ed or e v en died，according to some broadcasts.For this
phenomenon，the"greenhouse effect"is to blame.Naturally，when the heat from the earth is released back into space，greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some，keeping Earth’s climate in a harmonious way to sustain life.Howe v er，human acti v ities like burning fossil fuels produce too many greenhouse gases，which cause a rise in temperature on Earth. Luckily，go v ernments worldwide are planning reforms and comprehensi v e policies to greenhouse gas emissions，along with the efforts of enterprises and the public.
2.Nobody can li v ing in a hot pot.There is no doubt that mankind has to some urgent problems—the warming trend of Earth and the consequent problems like the melting ice，frequent extreme weather and ecological chaos.There is so much we must do and we
can do.We，as indi v iduals，can reduce our"carbon footprint"in ways.
the young，I will e v ery opportunity to play a role in the en v ironmental conser v ation campaign.
1restrict v t.限制，限定（limit）；束缚；妨碍；约束
1.[译林选必②－3]Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and
pre v ention of diseases？
2.[译林选必④－2]In fact，there ha v e ne v er been any formal academic restrictions on new
borrowed words.
3.Only a restricted（restrict）range of enterprises were found in an inspection to recycle carbon dioxide instead of releasing it directly into the air.
4.I restrict myself to playing with my cellphone half an hour a day（限制自己每天只玩半小
时手机）.
restrict...to...中to为介词，其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词。

5.An increasing number of people only stay at home all day long because of their addiction to those electronic de v ices.
→It is the addiction to those electronic de v ices that restricts an increasing number of people
to staying at home all day long.（强调句型）
★restrict...to...将……限定在……内
restrict oneself/sb.to（doing）sth.限制自己/某人只做某事
★restricted adj.有限的；保密的
be restricted to...限于……
★restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
without restriction不受限制
a restriction on sth.对……的限制
2seize v t.抓住；夺取；控制；扣押；（情绪）侵袭
1.突然，她向前冲去，在门前抓住了母亲的手臂。

（读后续写之动作描写）
All of a sudden，she charged forward and seized her mother by the arm/seized her mother’s
arm in front of the door.
2.我强烈建议你们抓住每一个机会去减少碳足迹。

I strongly recommend（that）you（should）seize e v ery opportunity to reduce your
carbon footprint.
3.听了这个坏消息，她感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。

（读后续写之情绪描写）
Upon hearing the bad news，she was seized by/with（a burst of）sadness and couldn’t
help crying bitterly.
★seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会
seize sb.by the arm/seize one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊
表情感的名词＋seize sb.＝sb.be seized with/by＋表情感的名词，表示"某人突然感到……"
3submit v t.&v i.（submitted，submitted，submitting）提交；呈递；屈服；被迫接受1.Papers on ecology submitted（submit）after the deadline will be considered late and recei v e lower grades.
2.She had to submit herself to listening（listen）to his continuous complaints about his school policy for there was no one else in the room.
submit...to...中to为介词，其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。

3.When is the final date for the submission（submit）of our proposals？
4.尽管在日常生活中我经历了许多挑战和困难，我坚决不屈服于它们。

E v en if I underwent many challenges and hardships in daily life，I was determined not to submit（myself）to them.
5.如果你对这个职位感兴趣，请于12月28日之前提交申请至校办公室。

（通知）If you’re interested in the position，please submit your application to the school office before28th December.
★submit sth.to...向……提交某物
submit（oneself）to（doing）sth.屈服/顺从于（做）某事
★submission n.提交，呈递；屈服
4sensiti v e adj.敏感的，易生气的；善解人意的；灵敏的；过敏的
4.[北师必修②－6]Empathy means you try to put yourself in others’shoes and be aware of and sensiti v e to their feelings.
5.他很敏感，而且相当严肃，生活中很少有朋友和他交流。

（人物介绍）
He’s sensiti v e and rather serious，with few friends in his life to communicate with.
★be sensiti v e to/about对……敏感，忌讳……
be sensiti v e to对……体贴/易过敏/灵敏
★sensible adj.明智的；合理的
5tolerate v t.忍受（put up with）；包容；容许
1.I can’t tolerate his throwing（throw）garbage e v erywhere any more！The disposal is so
hard.
2.[译林选必①－4]This open and tolerant（tolerate）atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to de v elop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his
poetic production.
3.她没有责备孩子，而是对他宽容地笑了笑，轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。

（读后续写之神
态、动作描写）
Instead of blaming the child，she ga v e him a tolerant smile and patted him on the shoulder.
★tolerate/put up with（doing）sth.忍受（做）某事
can’t tolerate/bear/stand（doing）sth.不能忍受（做）某事
★tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of/towards...容忍/宽容……
6on behalf of代表（代替）；为了；为帮助
1.我很高兴代表我们学校邀请你观看主题为"自然爱好者"的表演。

（邀请信）
→①On behalf of our school/On our school’s behalf，I’m delighted to in v ite you to watch the performance themed"Nature lo v ers".（on behalf of）
→②Representing our school，I’m delighted to in v ite you to watch the performance themed"Nature lo v ers".（represent）
2.众所周知，在中国传统文化中，红色代表幸福和吉祥。

（中国文化）
As is known to us all，red stands for/represents happiness and luck in traditional Chinese culture.
这里的"代表"为"象征"之意，可用stand for/represent，而不可用on behalf of；表示"
代表……的利益，作为……的代言人"时可用on behalf of/represent。

★on behalf of sb./on one’s behalf代表（代替）某人；为了某人；为帮助某人
★其他表示"代表"的词汇：
represent v.代表，作为……的代言人；象征；相当于
stand for代表，表示；支持，主张
7dozens of许多；很多
1.[人教必修③－1]The newly married couple recei v ed dozens（dozen）of letters of
congratulation from their friends.
2.[人教选必③－4]I tried to phone you this morning.I must ha v e tried a dozen times
（time）before I caught you here.
3.By this morning，9people ha v e been confirmed dead and dozens of people are（be）
still missing.
4.我们有二十几名同学报名参加了比赛。

Two dozen of our classmates entered for the contest.
dozen后跟us，them，you这几个代词，或其后的复数名词受these/those/the/my/名词所有格等修饰时，dozen后必须加of，表示"部分与整体"的关系。

★dozen n.（一）打，十二个；[pl.]许多
★dozen前有表示数字意义的词修饰时，不加-s，其后不用of。

a dozen＋可数名词复数一打/十二个……；十来个……
基数词/se v eral/many＋dozen＋可数名词复数几十个……
8There is little/no doubt that...几乎没有/毫无疑问……
1.[人教选必④－4]To be honest，I doubt whether/if I’m making any difference to these boys’li v es at all.
2.[外研选必②－6]There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.
3.毫无疑问，智能手机使我们与同学和家人的交流变得更加容易。

→①Without doubt smartphones make it easier for us to communicate with our classmates
and family.（介词短语）
→②Undoubtedly，smartphones make it easier for us to communicate with our
classmates and family.（副词）
→③There is no doubt that/No doubt（that）smartphones make it easier for us to
communicate with our classmates and family.（从句）
★There is little/no doubt that...中，that引导同位语从句，用于解释说明doubt的内容。

★doubt n.怀疑，不确定＋同位语从句
doubt whether...（一般不用if）
no doubt that...
without doubt毫无疑问，的确
★doubt v.怀疑，不确定＋宾语从句
doubt whether/if...
not doubt（that）...
★doubtful adj.怀疑；未必；悬而未定
undoubtedly ad v.无疑
9without引起的虚拟语气
1.[北师选必①－3]没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气；没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。

Without forests，we would ha v e no air to breathe，and without clean water we would/should/could be unable to sur v i v e.
2.如果没有你及时的帮助，我的英语口语就不会有很快的进步。

（感谢信）
Without your timely help，I would/should/could not ha v e made rapid progress in my oral
English.
3."要是我没有睡着就好了！"他充满了内疚和遗憾。

"If only I hadn’t fallen asleep！"He was filled with guilt and regret.（if only）
4.那位陌生人耐心地把他带到画廊。

否则，他就会错过这次展览。

The stranger patiently guided him to the gallery.Otherwise，he could/should/would ha v e missed the exhibition.（otherwise）
★without＋n./pron.可以引起虚拟语气，句子谓语动词（以do为例）如下：
would/might/could/should do（与现在或将来事实相反的假设）
would/might/could/should ha v e done（与过去事实相反的假设）
★有类似用法的还有：with，but for，if only，otherwise，or等。

题型对接
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cycling is the most economical，sustainable（sustain）and fun way to
explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights.
2.[2023全国乙]E v en though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressi v e cuisine，it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently（frequent）on our tele v ision screens...
3.[2023全国乙]Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast（broadcast）more often than before.
4.[2021北京]You must show proof of a comprehensi v e（comprehend）health insurance v alid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship.
句意：你必须出示在整个实习期间在目标国家有效的综合健康保险证明。

5.[2020浙江]To do this I ha v e searched through dozens（dozen）of plays to find the ones
that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
6.[天津高考]Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
7.[江苏高考]But he is also working at a far more fundamental le v el：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to pre v ent star v ation（star v e）during the wet
season.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Adults are portrayed（描绘）alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a v olume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.B
②[2020北京]For example，algorithms（算法）carry out huge v olumes of trading on our financial markets，self-dri v ing cars are appearing on city streets...C
③[北京高考]With TV Ears wireless technology，you set your own headset v olume，while other TV listeners hear the tele v ision at a v olume le v el that’s comfortable for them.A v olume还有"容量；（书籍的）卷，册"之意。

如：
☆jars of different v olumes不同容量的罐子
☆the first v olume of his autobiography他自传的第一卷
☆a library of o v er50，000v olumes藏书5万多册的图书馆
2.[2021北京]We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of se v eral major Alaskan ri v ers，which are sensiti v e to local and global en v ironmental changes.
adj.灵敏的
这里说的是正在制作的表（clock）对当地及全球的环境变化很灵敏，能够反映阿拉斯加几条主要河流的总流量。

3.[北京高考]Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.v.刺激，增强
fuel作动词时，还有"给（交通工具）加油"之意，如：The plane was already fuelled （up）and ready to go.飞机已加好油，准备起飞。

fuel作名词时，还有个常见用法：add fuel to"（对……）火上浇油"。

如：His remarks simply added fuel to the fire/flames of her anger.他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。

Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一基础写作——环保宣传
[北京高考]假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。

你班同学参加了学校的"地球日"系列活动。

请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以"Actions for a Greener Earth"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。

提示词：地球日Earth Day
◎写作要点
1.一年一度的"地球日"前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入全球行动，共同创
造一个更加绿色的地球。

（annual，worldwide）
A week before annual Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions worldwide for a greener earth.
2.我们把旧衣物、纸板和空塑料瓶带到教室，把它们变成了许多娃娃、手袋、纸巾盒和小
花瓶。

（dozens of）
We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes，pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dozens of dolls，handbags，tissue boxes and small v ases. 3.那个周末，我们抓住机会去了附近的一个社区，把它们送了出去。

（seize）
That weekend，we seized the opportunity to v isit a nearby neighborhood and ga v e them
away.
4.所有人都笑着收下了那些意想不到的礼物，一片和谐，尤其是小孩子和老人。

（harmony）
All accepted those unexpected gifts with big smiles in harmony，especially little kids and elderly people.
5.我们做得非常好，以至于我们班长获邀代表班级向全校分享我们的想法和经历。

（on behalf of）
We did so well that our monitor was in v ited to share our ideas and experience on behalf of our class with the whole school.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。

A week before annual Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions worldwide for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea of making better use of used materials.We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes，pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles，and turned those into dozens of dolls，handbags，tissue boxes and small v ases.That weekend，we seized the opportunity to v isit a nearby neighborhood and ga v e them away.All accepted those unexpected gifts with big smiles in harmony，especially little kids and elderly people.We did so well that our monitor was in v ited to share our ideas and experience on behalf of our class with the whole school.
We are v ery proud of oursel v es and belie v e we can do more for a better world.
写作二读后续写——动作描写之各种"看"
积累背诵仿写运用
单词watch，glance瞥，notice注意，
obser v e观察，spot发现，scan扫视，
peek偷看
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.托尼·雷德蒙怒视着他，脸都变了形，气
得刷白。

Tony Redmond was glaring at him，
and his face contorted，white with rage.
2.我们都聚在电视机前，希望能看一眼他的
脸。

We all gathered in front of the tele v ision，
词组1.glare at怒目而视
2.see sth.out of the corner of one’s eye偶
然瞟见
3.blink/wink at朝……眨眼
4.catch a glimpse of看一眼
hoping to catch a glimpse of his face.
3.听到门把手转动的声音，他向门看去。

原来他的妈妈提前下班回来了。

他兴奋地从座位上跳了起来。

He
turned his eyes to
the door when he
heard the handle turning.It turned out that his mother returned from work early.He leaped from his seat with great excitement.4.詹娜和父亲交换了一下眼色，然后都忍不住偷偷地笑了。

Jenna exchanged glances
with her
father and they couldn’t help but smile
secretly.
5.爱丽丝从眼角的余光看到汤姆走过，但是她没有抬头打招呼。

她还在为他前一天做的事生气。

Alice spotted Tom walking by out of the
corner of her eye
but she didn’t raise her
eyes to say hello.She was still mad at him for what he had done the day before.6.约翰使劲冲玛丽眨眼，用口型不出声地对她说了些什么。

玛丽立马心领神会，起身朝厨房走去。

John
blinked/winked wildly at
Mary
and silently mouthed something.Mary got him immediately and stood up heading for the kitchen.
5.catch sight of 看见
6.take a quick/close look at 快速浏览/仔细看
7.exchange glances 交换眼色8.narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼9.turn one’s eyes to 朝……看10.look sb.in the eye 直视某人11.eye sb.up and down 上下打量某人12.fix/focus one’s eyes on 注视佳句 1.I glanced back o v er my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me.我回头看了一眼以确保没有人跟踪我。

2.He dare not look me straight in the eye ，but instead his eyes dropped to his feet .他不敢直视我的眼睛，反而垂下眼睛看着自己的脚。

3.While doing my homework ，I lifted my eyes accidentally and saw Mom
sitting there staring at me with a gentle smile on her lips.我在写作业时，不经意抬头看见妈妈坐在那里目不转睛地看着我，嘴角挂着一抹温柔的微笑。

4.Though her eyes were full of tears ，she kept an eye on her father’s expression.她眼中噙满泪水，却留意着她父亲的神情。

课时提能
一、阅读理解
A
[生态环保/2023江西南昌一模]A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds kills nearly 9million people worldwide each year.Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion
of cities accounted for about75％of the deaths，researchers found.The study was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution le v els.
The study separated traditional pollutants from modern pollutants.Examples of traditional pollutants are indoor smoke or waste water.Modern pollutants include air pollution from v ehicles or industrial acti v ities and poisonous chemicals.The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide.But they remain a major problem in Africa and some other de v eloping countries.In some countries，state programs to cut indoor air pollution and
impro v ements in sanitation（卫生设备）ha v e helped reduce death rates.In Ethiopia and Nigeria，for example，such efforts cut deaths by two-thirds between2000and2019，the study found.
Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries，especially de v eloping ones，the researchers said.Deaths caused by modern pollutants—hea v y metals，agricultural chemicals
and carbon emissions—are"skyrocketing"，said study co-writer Rachael Kupka.She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution.Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen by66％since2000.
"Nine million deaths are a lot of deaths，"Philip Landrigan told the Associated Press about the study’s results.He is director of the Global Public Health Program and Global Pollution Obser v atory at Boston College in Massachusetts."The bad news is that it’s not decreasing，" Landrigan added."We’re making gains in the easy stuff，and we’re seeing the more difficult stuff —outdoor industrial air pollution and chemical pollution—still going up."
The study makes se v eral suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths.These include creating better recording and reporting methods and stronger go v ernment policies to reduce pollution linked to industrial acti v ities and v ehicle emissions.
"We absolutely know how to sol v e pollution problems，"said study co-author Richard Fuller."What’s missing is political will."
本文主要讲述了一项新的研究，该研究发现每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。

文章还提到了研究人员的一些相关看法和提议。

【词语积累】expansion n.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀
account for（数量、比例上）占poisonous adj.有毒的
1.What can be learned from the study about pollution？
A.Air pollution killed9million people last year.
B.Cutting indoor air pollution is the best policy.
C.Traditional pollution is v ery serious in Nigeria.
D.Traditional pollutants cause less death than before.
解析D细节理解题。

由第二段中的"The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。

2.What does the underlined word"skyrocketing"in paragraph3probably mean？
A.Impro v ing.
B.Increasing.
C.Reducing.
D.Worsening.
解析B词义猜测题。

由画线词后的"deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen66％since 2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词在意思上最为接近。

3.What can be inferred from Philip Landrigan’s words？
A.It is easy to fight modern pollution.
B.Outdoor air pollution is decreasing.
C.Modern pollution still concerns people.
D.It is hard to tell the reasons for pollution.
解析C推理判断题。

由第四段中Philip Landrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加。

由第二段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧。

据此可以推断，Philip Landrigan认为现代化污染仍在困扰着人们，故C项正确。

4.What might be talked about in the paragraph that follows？
A.Methods to reduce pollution.
B.The go v ernment’s response to pollution.
C.Suggestions for industrial acti v ities.
D.The damage caused by v ehicle emissions.
解析B推理判断题。

由最后一段中的"What’s missing is political will"和行文逻辑可以推断，最后一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应该会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。

B
[2024安徽六校开学测试]This3-mile stretch of sand and tide pools beneath a fortress of80-foot bluffs is a California tourism poster if there e v er was one.Nothing disturbs the perfect，sunny v iew，except—once you notice them—microplastic particles.But you ha v e to look
close—on-your-hands-and-knees close—to see one.And once you do，you see another and another—so many that you may not think of this，or any beach，in the same way again.These tiny preproduction plastic balls that manufacturers melt down to form e v erything ha v e been
escaping factories，container ships，trains，trucks and public notice for decades.
The2-to3-millimeter multicolored balls are a subset（子集）of microplastic particles less than5millimeters in size.Microplastic particles accumulate where water takes them，and they’v e been found on shorelines of e v ery continent.
Mark McReynolds is an en v ironmental scientist who’s now joined a global mo v ement studying their trail into the en v ironment.Establishing a baseline count of the presence of microplastic particles—and，more broadly，any microplastics—is the focus of Dr McReynolds’scientific study here.Charting the count and noting tide，current and weather conditions will show if amounts are increasing，and perhaps at what rate and why.That knowledge，he says，can inform solutions to plastic pollution such as regulation of their use.
"What are you doing？Picking up trash？"asks a steady stream of beach walkers whene v er
Dr McReynolds’crew walks onto the beach and sets up equipment.These are teachable moments for Dr McReynolds.
One recent morning he told some beach walkers how microplastic particles are belie v ed to absorb toxic chemicals，and—because they resemble fish eggs—are eaten by fish and birds and enter the food chain.Almost right on time，a seagull hopped up to a plastic-coated photo of microplastic particles and hungrily pecked（啄食）at it.
Will his work help sa v e the world？Dr McReynolds wa v es a finger at that idea，"I won’t e v er use that word—I won’t sa v e the world from this pollution problem.Protect it，yes.We want to take care of it."
微塑料颗粒因为体积小，很久以来一直被人类忽视，但其实它们对地球生物有着极其可怕的影响。

为了更好地保护地球，环境科学家McReynolds以及他的团队正在进行一项研究。

【词语积累】particle n.颗粒melt down熔化
accumulate v.堆积，积聚，积累establish v.确定，建立
resemble v.看起来像
【熟词生义】 1.escape常用义：v.逃跑文中义：v.被忽视
2.chart常用义：n.图表文中义：v.记录，跟踪
1.What can we know about microplastic particles from paragraph1？
A.They are too small to be seen.
B.They are products of plastic balls.
C.They ha v e been ignored for long.
D.They can be made into almost nothing.
解析C细节理解题。

由第一段中的"These tiny preproduction plastic balls...ha v e been escaping...public notice for decades"可知，本题选C项。

2.What does Dr McReynolds focus on in his study？
A.Classifying plastic particles into subsets.
B.Finding solutions to plastic pollution.
C.Charting the tides and currents of oceans.
D.Getting to know the basic amounts of microplastics.
解析D细节理解题。

由第三段的"Establishing a baseline count...Dr McReynolds’scientific study here"可知，本题选D项。

3.What does a seagull’s pecking at the picture pro v e？
A.The interesting teachable moments.
B.The harmful effect of microplastic particles.
C.The spread of poisonous chemicals.
D.The beauty of the photo of microplastic particles.
解析B推理判断题。

由倒数第二段的"how microplastic particles are belie v ed...hungrily pecked（啄食）at it"可知，微塑料颗粒会吸收有毒的化学物质，且因为它们看上去像鱼卵，它们会被鱼类和鸟类吃掉，从而进入食物链。

结合以上信息不难推知，海鸥的举动正好说明了微塑料颗粒的危害，故选B项。

4.What does Dr McReynolds expect of his work？
A.To inspire the public.
B.To test solutions.
C.To preser v e the earth.
D.To sa v e the world.
解析C细节理解题。

由最后一段的"I won’t sa v e the world from this pollution problem. Protect it，yes.We want to take care of it"可知，本题选C项。

二、完形填空。