2020-2021学年江西省宜春市上高二中高一(下)第四次月考英语试卷

2020-2021学年江西省宜春市上高二中高一（下）第四次
月考英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
90-Second Newbery Film Festival The 90-Second Newbery Film Festival is a yearly video contest in which young filmmakers create short movies that tell the entire stories of Newbery award-winning books in about a minute and a half.
Who can make movies for this film festival？It's a big range：elementary school kids, junior high school students, high school students, even college students.
We show the best movies we receive at special-event screenings in many cities.
Here are the rules：
Your video should be about 90 seconds.
Your video has to be about the story in a Newbery award-winning book.
We're looking for full-on movies with mostly child actors, who manage to tell the entire story of the book in 90 seconds.
Upload your videos to any video website and send us the link.
Sending the link to us gives us the right to post it on our blog and to other websites where we sometimes post content.
The general deadline for the tenth annual 90-Second Newbery Film Festival is January 15，2021.
Don't know where to start？Check out our Video Resources page here for a step-by-step primer on how to make a 90-Second Newbery video, plus lots of other tips, tricks, and tutorials （教程）.
1.Who can take part in the contest？______
A. Anyone.
B. Only adults.
C. Students.
D. Professionals.
2.Which of the following will lead to being rejected？______
A. The film is starred by child actors.
B. The film is sent on December 31，2020.
C. The film is about the history of Newbery Award.
D. The copy of the film is sent to a small video website.
3.Where can we see this text？______
A. On a website.
B. On the school board.
C. In a magazine.
D. In a newspaper.
B
LOS ANGELES，Nov. 12 （Xinhua）-Legendary comic（漫画）book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95，according to media reports on Monday.
Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28th，1922，began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961.
He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.
Lee's characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC，which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films,most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.
In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as unusual as the characters he created.
Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee's famous quotes, which goes,"I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers. And then I began to realize：entertainment is one of the most important things in people's lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you're able to entertain, you're doing a good thing."
Praise from his Hollywood peers（同龄人）and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lee's big influence on the industry. "No one has had more of an influence on my career than Stan Lee," Feige said. "Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan's genius, charisma and heart."
4.How do Lee's characters differ from those of DC？______
A. They are perfect heroes.
B. They often have super powers.
C. They are not humans, but gods.
D. They have human shortcomings.
5.We can learn from Lee's statement in Paragraph 6 that ______ .
A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writer
B. a taste of entertainment is necessary in people's lives
C. entertainment is the most important thing in the world
D. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain
6.According to the passage, we could know that ______ .
A. Lee influenced Kevin Feige's career a lot
B. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his forties
C. Lee created the fictional characters all by himself
D. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel
7.What can be the best title for the passage？______
A. Comics Legend-the Marvels and DC
B. The Superheroes in Stan Lee's Comics
C. Marvel's Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95
D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee
C
Several companies have begun creating paper bottles to replace glass and plastic ones. Paper bottles are easy to recycle, and also weigh less than glass or plastic, meaning they'll require less energy to produce and move around.
A company called Paboco has been working with other companies to develop paper bottles. The companies are creating their own bottle designs, but they're sharing what they learn to promote the development of paper bottle technology.
One of the biggest challenges is preventing a paper bottle leaking（泄漏）. The inside of the bottle needs a special coating（涂层）to make sure the liquid doesn't leak through. Many companies are lining（做衬垫）their bottles with a thin sheet of plastic. Though bottle makers may say this liner can be recycled, many recycling programs don't have the right machines to handle these liners.
A Danish beer company called Carlsberg is working with Paboco on a paper bottle called the
"Green Fiber Bottle". Currently the bottle uses a plastic liner. In the future the company hopes to use a "bio-plastic" that will break down naturally over time. And a company named Diageo just announced the first paper bottle whose inside uses a non-plastic coating.
But even without the plastic,paper bottles aren't perfect. Most paper bottles use wood pulp（纸浆），meaning trees need to be cut down. To solve this problem,Frugalpac,a company from the United Kingdom,has created wine bottles made of recycled paper. Frugalpac still uses a plastic liner, though.
Companies will need to see how long liquids can be stored in the paper bottles and make sure the bottles don't affect the taste. But with so many companies working toward the same goal,it's likely that we can expect to see paper bottles on store shelves in the near future.
8.What is the advantage of paper bottles over other ones？______
A. They cost less.
B. They are more attractive.
C. They are easier to produce.
D. They are more eco-friendly.
9.What is the most difficult task to create paper bottles？______
A. Finding recycling liners.
B. Getting the right machine.
C. Preventing the liquid escape.
D. Making sure of the storage time.
10.What does the author think may solve the problem of unperfect paper bottles？______
A. Cutting down fewer trees.
B. Using recycled paper.
C. Producing "bio-plastic" liners.
D. Still using plastic liners.
11.What does the author feel about the future of paper bottles？______
A. Hopeful.
B. Doubtful.
C. Satisfied.
D. Worried.
D
Sleep deprivation（缺失）is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.
It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to
have the highest number of sleep-deprived students,with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.
In literacy（读写能力）tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.
Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia,England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.
The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study（TIMSS）and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study（PIRLS）.
"I think we underestimate the influence of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally,on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show," says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.
"It's the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition," says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. "If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large rate of children suffering from lack of sleep,it's having a significant influence. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust（调整）their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction."
That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.
12.What did the researchers of Boston College try to find？______
A. Why children don't get enough sleep
B. How many hours children sleep every night
C. The relationship between sleep and test results
D. The relationship between sleep and health
13.Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because ______ .
A. they sit in front of the TV for too long
B. they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply
C. their homework occupies too much of their time
D. modern technological devices consume a lot of their time
14.Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students？______
A. Japan
B. Malta
C. Finland
D. Portugal
15.Why are children who get enough sleep also victims？______
A. Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students.
B. Because teaching is driving down by sleep-deprived students.
C. Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students.
D. Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
The Bystander （旁观者）Effect When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. （1）______
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine "Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13，1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed （刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help,（2）______ . The attack first began at 3：20，but it was not until 3：50 that someone first contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect.（3）______ . Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. （4）______ . In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel"，and （5）______ .
A. They hesitate and assess the risk of getting hurt
B. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect
C. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear
D. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility
E. they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered
F. none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help
G. the attacker didn't stop stabbing her
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
The tale of a heroic pet Luke has always been my closest companion these past five years. In fact he is very obedient to me（1）______ when I take care of other furry friends in our shelter. As you already know there have been a lot of forest fires during the（2）______ season. Many forests are badly （3）______ by fire each year. Not far from our shelter a forest caught fire during this hot summer and a heat wave has been going on for three days.
Luke rushed towards the forest where flames gave out a fierce heat. There's no longer any（4）______ at the moment to wait for Luke to come back to the shelter. （5）______ ，I was waiting for the fireman to（6）______ me his death in the forest. Suddenly a fireman burst into my office and（7）______ me that my dog Luke succeeded in saving four kittens that were （8）______ by the flames. According to the fireman Luke seized the kittens one by one moving them to a（n）（9）______ place.
I（10）______ accompanied the firemen to the forest to pick up the rescued kittens. Once on the（11）______ of the incident Luke was not there. Then we heard the sound of a dog came
from the forest barking furiously. I（12）______ the sound of my dog Luke. The firemen followed the tracks of the dog （13）______ they found him barking loudly by the side of a （n）（14）______ fireman who was lying on the ground and desperately waiting for （15）______ .
Thanks to Luke four kittens and a fireman were saved. That day I was very proud of Luke for his heroic（16）______ . Luke showed much compassion for both animals like him and for a man trying to put out the fire with his （17）______ . Honestly my happiness is great and immeasurable.
I visited the fireman in his house accompanied with Luke. What a（18）______ scene when the fireman hugged Luke（19）______ to his chest! "One thousand thanks Luke for saving my life," the fireman said.
This true story of love and compassion shows us that pets are loving and caring. We should love and protect them for little animals can make enormous things for （20）______ .
21. A. specially B. especially C. obviously D. simply
22. A. spring B. summer C. winter D. autumn
23. A. damaged B. disappeared C. harmed D. injured
24. A. sign B. point C. use D. hope
25. A. As usual B. At last C. In fact D. In general
26. A. call B. tell C. persuade D. visit
27. A. suggested B. comforted C. informed D. encouraged
28. A. struck B. burnt C. discovered D. trapped
29. A. ideal B. safe C. unusual D. homely
30. A. immediately B. politely C. closely D. suddenly
31. A. scenery B. view C. sight D. scene
32. A. recognized B. found C. caught D. focused
33. A. before B. unless C. until D. when
34. A. brave B. excited C. calm D. injured
35. A. dogs B. firemen C. rescue D. passersby
36. A. tales B. actions C. responses D. events
37. A. tools B. devices C. colleagues D. friends
38. A. memorable B. terrible C. lovely D. threatening
39. A. tightly B. carefully C. slowly D. slightly
40. A. firemen B. dogs C. kittens D. humans
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41.Handwashing is one of the easiest ways to protect against disease, but lack of running
water is a problem for 3 billion people in the world, according （1）______ the World Health Organization（WHO）and UNICEF，the United Nations Children's Fund. Tippy taps are one way. Sometimes, the little things make such （2）______ big difference.
These low-cost handwashing stations are helping people stay healthy.
There are different ways （3）______ （build）and use tippy taps. But the basic tools include a plastic water bottle, sticks, and rope. Hang the bottle from a branch or pole. Press
a foot pedal to tip the bottle and release water. Then wet（4）______ （you）hands and
scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds. Done!
When COVID-19 started and people were told to clean their hands frequently, they
needed to be （5）______ （create）. Luanda and her neighbors have set up 800 tippy taps in the community. We are doing （6）______ we can do to help Children, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable people-they cannot be left behind."
In Guatemala, people （7）______ （make）nearly 400 tippy so far. Each cost about ＄12 to make.
Tippytaps are also being used in the United States.（8）______ （hear）about the
project,people from the United Stated raised ＄4，000 to support it. In Tucson, Arizona, they' re helping the homeless. Two were set up at a shelter （9）______ （call）Sister Jose Women's Center. COVID-19 forced the shelter to close. But workers continued to give out food. They needed a way to let people wash their hands before eating. The tippy tap is such a simple （10）______ （solve）.
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42.假定英语课课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last summer vacation,I go to Embassy School in New York. I temporarily stayed with a English family during those two weeks. It was a golden chance to practise my English because that they didn't speak Chinese. I had to try hardly to speak English. Lessons
started at 9 am and finished at 1 pm. He met people with various nationality, such as
Germany and France. Of course, the only way for us to communicating was in English. It wasn't until last summer vacation when my English became good than before, and I made many new friends. Now I have returned my school and I'm sure my English grades will improve greatly.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43.假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，题目是"The Most Impressive Woman in My
Life"，请你写一篇稿件，投给校英文报。

内容包括：①这位女士的特点；②这位女士给你的影响。

答案和解析
1.【答案】
【解析】（1）C. 细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句"It's a big range：elementary school kids, junior high school students, high school students, even college students."（范围很广：小学生、初中生、高中生，甚至大学生。

）可知，学生可以参加这次比赛。

故选C.
（2）C. 推理判断题。

根据第六段"Your video has to be about the story in a Newbery award-winning book."（你的视频必须是关于纽伯瑞奖获奖书里的故事。

）可知，关于纽伯瑞奖的历史的电影不符合要求，所以会被拒绝。

故选C.
（3）A. 推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句"Check out our Video Resources page here for a step-by-step primer on how to make a 90-Second Newbery video, plus lots of other tips, tricks, and tutorials（教程）."（在这里查看我们的视频资源页面，了解如何制作一个90秒的Newbery视频，以及许多其他技巧、技巧和教程的逐步入门。

）可知，我们可以在网页上看到这篇文章。

故选A.
这是一篇应用文。

90秒的纽伯瑞电影节是一年一度的视频比赛，此处是对比赛要求和
内容进行了说明。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4.【答案】
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。

根据第四段Lee's characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods.（李安笔下的人物往往拥有超能力，但他们也有弱点。

他们是人，不是神。

）可知，Lee的角色与DC的角色的不同是。

他们是人类，而不是神，他们有人的缺点。

故选D．
（2）B．细节理解题。

根据第六段And then I began to realize：entertainment is one of the most important things in people's lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you're able to entertain, you're doing a good thing.（娱乐是人们生活中最重要的事情之一。

没有它，它们可能会走向最深处。

我觉得如果你能够娱乐，那你就做得很好。

）可知，在人们的生活中，品味娱乐是必不可少的。

故选B．
（3）A．细节理解题。

根据最后一段"No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee, " Feige said. "Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan's genius, charisma and heart. " （没有人比斯坦李对我的职业生涯产生更大的影响，"费格说．"我们的想法和他的家人和数百万粉丝一样，他们一直被斯坦李的天才，魅力和内心所感动。

）可知，Lee对Kevin Feige的职业生涯产生了很大的影响。

故选A．
（4）C．标题判断题。

阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了洛杉矶，11月据新华社报道，周一媒体报道称，传奇漫画作家斯坦李在95岁时去世。

ics Legend-the Marvels and DC漫画传奇-惊奇和DC；B.The Superheroes in Stan Lee's Comics 斯坦•李漫画中的超级英雄；C.Marvel's Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95漫威传奇斯坦•李去世，享年95岁；D.The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee漫威漫画传奇斯坦•李的一生。

故选C．
本文主要讲述了洛杉矶，11月据新华社报道，周一媒体报道称，传奇漫画作家斯坦李在95岁时去世．
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。

考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8.【答案】
【解析】（1）D. 细节理解题。

根据第一段中"Paper bottles are easy to recycle, and also weigh less than glass or plastic, meaning they'll require less energy to produce and move around."（纸瓶易于回收，而且比玻璃或塑料轻，这意味着它们的生产和移动需要更少的能源。

）可知，纸瓶比起其他材料的更环保。

故选D项。

（2）C. 细节理解题。

根据第三段中"One of the biggest challenges is preventing a paper bottle leaking（泄漏）. The inside of the bottle needs a special coating to make sure the liquid doesn't leak through."（最大的挑战之一是防止纸瓶泄漏。

瓶子的内部需要一层特殊的涂层，以确保液体不会渗漏出去。

）可知，制作纸瓶子最困难的任务是防止液体泄漏。

故选C项。

（3）B. 推理判断题。

根据第五段中"But even without the plastic, paper bottles aren't perfect. Most paper bottles use wood pulp（纸浆），meaning trees need to be cut down. To solve this problem, Frugalpac, a company from the United Kingdom, has created wine bottles made of recycled paper."（但即使没有塑料，纸瓶也不是完美的。

大多数的纸瓶使用木浆，这意
味着树木需要被砍伐。

为了解决这个问题，英国的Frugalpac公司发明了用再生纸制成
的酒瓶。

）可知，作者认为使用再生纸制成酒瓶能够解决纸瓶的不完美问题。

故选B 项。

（4）A. 推理判断题。

根据最后一段中"But with so many companies working toward the same goal, it's likely that we can expect to see paper bottles on store shelves in the near future."（但是有这么多的公司都在朝着同一个目标努力，我们很可能在不久的将来就能看到纸瓶出现在商店的货架上。

）可见，作者对于纸瓶的未来是充满希望的。

A.Hopeful充满
希望；B.Doubtful怀疑的；C.Satisfied满意的；D.Worried担心的。

故选A项。

这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了一些公司已经开始制造纸瓶来代替玻璃瓶和塑料瓶，虽然还有一些挑战，但众多公司都朝着一个方向努力，很可能在不久的将来就会有纸瓶出现在商店的货架上。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章
取义。

12.【答案】
【解析】（1）C. 推理判断题。

根据文章第一段Sleep deprivation（缺失）is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. 据开展国际教
育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素；文章最后一句That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.那意味着甚至得
到足够睡眠的孩子仍然遭受着睡眠相对低的痛苦。

从而可以判断波士顿学院的研究人员试图找到睡眠和测试结果之间的关系。

故选C.
（2）D. 推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night
在更富裕的国家，在晚上很晚的时候用手机和电脑与睡眠专家联系起来，它是一个特别的问题，可以推断，由于现代科技设备消耗了许多儿童的时间，许多儿童遭受睡眠不足的困扰。

故选D.
（3）C. 细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. 高效执行的Finland也是在睡眠中最缺乏的。

A. Japan日本；
B. Malta马耳他；
C. Finland芬兰；
D. Portugal葡萄牙。

故选C.
（4）B. 推理判断题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down
instruction.
更糟糕的是，老师不得不根据那些睡眠不足的孩子调整他们的教学。

患有睡眠不足的孩子们正在减少教育。

可以推断，睡眠充足的孩子也是受害者，因为睡眠不足的学生拖累了教学。

故选B.
本文是一篇说明文。

据开展国际教育测试的研究人员报道，在降低学生成绩的过程中，睡眠是一个重要的隐藏因素。

教师要以遭受缺乏睡眠的那些孩子为基础进行调整。

1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16.【答案】
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。

根据下一段The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect.（旁观者效应也被称为热那亚效应。

）可知，这里意思是这就是所提到的旁观者效应。

选项B.This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.这种现象被称为旁观者效应。

符合题意。

故选B.
（2）F.细节理解题。

根据下文The attack first began at 3：20，but it was not until 3：50 that someone first contacted police.（袭击始于3点20分，但直到3点50分才有人报警。

）可知，F项.none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help.附近公寓楼里的十几个人听到了她的呼喊，但没有一个人报警求助。

与本段内容相符。

故选F.
（3）D.推理判断题。

根据前文There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect.（有两个主要因素导致了旁观者效应。

）可知，以下是按顺序说明。

选项D.First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility.（首先，其他人的存在产生了责任的划分。

）符合题意。

故选D.
（4）C.推理判断题。

根据下句In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel".（在Kitty Genovese 一案中，38名目击者中有许多人说，他们认为自己目睹的是一场"情侣吵架"。

）可知，这里意思是其他研究者发现，如果情况不是很清楚，旁观者们更不可能去采取措施。

选项C.Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear.其他研究人员发现，如果情况不明朗，旁观者采取行动的可能性较小。

符合题意。

故选C.
（5）E.推理判断题。

根据上句In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses
reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel".（在Kitty Genovese 一案中，38名目击者中有许多人说，他们认为自己目睹的是一场"情侣吵架"。

）可知，旁观者认为这是恋人之间的争吵。

故E项"they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered."他们没有意识到这位年轻的女士事实上正在被谋杀。

承接上文内容，符合题意。

故选E.
本文主要讲了当紧急情况发生时，如果没有其他人在现场，旁观者们更可能会采取措施，这称之为旁观者效应。

作者从两个方面分析了造成旁观者效应的原因。

技巧：①通读全文，了解文章大意；②细读五个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；
④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。

21.【答案】
【解析】（1）B. 考查副词及语境理解。

A. specially 专门地；B. especially特别是；C. obviously 显然地；D. simply很简单地。

实际上，他对我非常顺从，尤其是当我照顾我们收容所里其他毛茸茸的动物朋友们时。

especially"尤其，特别"，符合语境，specially 意为"专门地"。

故选B.
（2）B. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. spring春；B. summer夏；C. winter冬；D. autumn 秋。

根据第二段最后一句话中的"during this hot summer"可知，森林大火时常在夏季发生。

故选B.
（3）A. 考查动词及语境理解。

A. damaged损坏；B. disappeared失踪；C. harmed受伤；D. injured 受伤。

每年，不少森林都被大火严重毁坏。

damage"损害，毁坏，破坏"，符合语境。

故选A.
（4）D. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. sign 标记；B. point 点；C. use使用；D. hope 希望。

句意：此时已没有任何希望等Luke回到收容所了。

故选D.
（5）C. 考查介词短语及语境理解。

A. As usual 和往常一样；B. At last最后；C. In fact 事实上；D. In general 大体上。

根据下句中的"a fireman burst into my office"可知，事实
上我在等消防员带来的消息。

In fact"事实上；实际上"。

故选C.
（6）B. 考查动词及语境理解。

A. call 打电话给；B. tell 告诉；C. persuade 说服；D. visit 拜访。

句意：我是在等着消防队员告诉我Luke在森林中死去的消息。

故选B.
（7）C. 考查动词及语境理解。

A. suggested建议；B. comforted安慰；C. informed知情；D. encouraged 鼓励。

一名消防队员闯入我的办公室告诉我说，我的Luke成功地解救了四只被困在火中的小猫。

故选C.
（8）D. 考查动词及语境理解。

A. struck 被击中；B. burnt烧伤；C. discovered发现；D. trapped 被困。

此指四只小猫"被困在"火海中。

trap"使陷入困境"，符合语境。

故选D.
（9）B. 考查形容词及语境理解。

A. ideal理想的；B. safe 安全的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. homely 家常的。

句意：那位消防队员说，Luke抓住这些小猫，一只一只地把它们转移到了安全的地方。

故选D.
（10）A. 考查副词及语境理解。

A. immediately 立即；B. politely礼貌地；C. closely 密切地；D. suddenly 突然地。

句意：我立刻陪着这名消防队员赶往森林，去接那几只被救的小猫。

故选B.
（11）D. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. scenery风景；B. view 景观；C. sight 视野；D. scene 场景。

句意：一到事故现场，并没有看见Luke的身影。

scene"地点，现场"。

故选D. （12）A. 考查动词及语境理解。

A. recognized认出；B. found发现；C. caught 抓住；
D. focused专注。

我认出那是我的Luke的声音。

recognize"认出，辨别出"，符合语境。

故选A.
（13）C. 考查介词及语境理解。

A. before 在…之前；B. unless 除非；C. until直到；D. when当…时候。

句意：防队员们跟随Luke的踪迹寻找，直到发现他正在一个消防队员旁边大叫。

故选C.
（14）D. 考查形容词及语境理解。

A. brave 勇敢的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. calm 冷静的；D. injured 受伤的。

由下文可知，这名消防队员受伤了。

故选D.
（15）C. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. dogs 狗；B. firemen 消防员；C. rescue救援；D. passers-by 路人。

这名消防队员躺在地上，绝望地等待救援。

故选C.
（16）B. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. tales 故事；B. actions 行动；C. responses 反应；D. events 事件。

句意：那天，我为Luke的英勇行为感到自豪。

action"所做之事，行为"，符合语境。

故选B.
（17）C. 考查名词及语境理解。

A. tools工具；B. devices 设备；C. colleagues同事；
D. friends 朋友。

Luke既对那些像它一样的动物怀有同情之心，也对一个与同事一起努。