黄冠梨果实和叶片钾素积累特征及其对施钾的响应

黄冠梨果实和叶片钾素积累特征及其对施钾的响应
武晓;申长卫;丁易飞;伍从成;董彩霞;徐阳春
【期刊名称】《植物营养与肥料学报》
【年(卷),期】2016(022)005
【摘要】【目的】本研究通过研究黄冠梨果实和叶片钾素积累特征及其对不同施
钾量的响应，探讨施钾对梨果产量和品质的影响，为梨园合理施钾提供依据。

【方法】选取同一区域14年生不同产量水平的高(60～70 t/hm2)、中产(30～40
t/hm2)两个黄冠梨园开展田间施钾试验。

设置 K2O 0、150、300、450 kg/hm2四个施钾水平(K0、K150、K300、K450)，分别在幼果期、膨大Ⅰ期、膨大Ⅱ期、成熟期和果实收获后一个月采集叶片与果实样品，研究施钾对产量、果实品质、叶片和果实钾含量及钾积累量、钾肥利用率的影响。

【结果】随施钾量增加高产园产量增加显著，K450处理比对照提高了16.9%；在中产园 K300处理产量达到最高值，较对照提高了27.2%，K450与 K300处理之间无显著差异。

果实中可溶性糖含量和糖酸比随施钾量增加而提高，可滴定酸变化规律与之相反。

从幼果期至成熟期，叶片与果实钾含量均呈下降趋势，施钾在不同程度上提高了钾素含量。

叶片钾积累量在膨大Ⅰ期达到最大，随后积累量逐渐下降。

果实钾在整个膨大期积累最多，占全生育期钾积累量的60%～79%；膨大期后高产园果实仍在迅速积累钾素，中
产园积累减缓。

落叶前叶片钾回流，高产园回流力度大于中产园。

高产园果实收获和落叶移走钾量为258～314 g/plant，中产园为166～192 g/plant。

在高产园
K450处理和中产园 K300处理下，果实和叶片内每积累1 kg钾素，高产园可增
产414.0 kg，中产园增产405.2 kg。

【结论】施钾促进了树体对钾素的吸收，果实产量和果实品质随施钾量增加有不同程度提高。

膨大期是树体吸收钾素的最大效
率期，建议在膨大期前追施钾肥。

综合产量、肥料利用率及果实品质等各项指标，建议产量为60～70 t/hm2的高产园适宜施钾量为450 kg/hm2，产量为30～40 t/hm2的中产园适宜施钾量为300 kg/hm2。

%Objectives]The aim was to study responses of pear trees to different K2O application rates during the growth periods and accumulation characteristics of K in fruits and leaves in two different output orchards.[Methods]A field experiment was carried out in two 14 year old ‘Huangguan’ pear orchards in same area. One is high-yield orchard (60–70 t/hm2) and the other is a medium-yield orchard (30–40 t/hm2). Four rates of K2O (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg/hm2) were applied in each orchard. Leaves and fruits were sampled at five periods including the young-fruit stage, expandingⅠ stage, expandingⅡ stage, mature period and a month later after maturation. Effects of increasing K on outputs, fruit quality, K contents and accumulation in fruits and leaves and K use efficiency were explored.[Results]The yields were significantly increased in the high-yield orchard with the increasing of K2O application, and the yield under K450 was increased by 16.9 % compared to the control. However, in the medium-yield orchard, the K300 treatment led to the maximum output, and the yield was 27.2 %higher compared to the control. The fruit soluble sugar contents and sugar-acid ratios were enhanced by the increasing of K2O application, while the titrable acid contents were declined. The K contents in fruits and leaves were decreased gradually from the young fruit period to maturation. Anyway, the K contents were increased at different degrees by increasing fertilization rates. The leaf K accumulation amount reached the maximum during the expendingⅠstage,
and then decreased slowly. The fruits accumulated the most amount of K during the expanding stage, which accounted for 60%–79% of the K that accumulated in the whole growth period. The fruit K accumulation rate was found to be increased after the expanding period in the high-yield orchard, while it slowed down in the medium-yield orchard. Leaf K was withdrew back to the tree body before leaf senescence, and the reflux degree in the high-yield orchard was higher than that in the medium-yield orchard. The removal of K by fruit harvest and fallen leaves in the high-yield orchard was 258–314 g/plant and was 166–192 g/plant in the medium-yield orchard. The K physiology efficiencies(KPE) were 414.0 kg/kg and 405.2
kg/kg under K450 in the high-yield orchard and K300 in the medium-yield orchard respectively.[Conclusions]The K application resulted in an increase in K absorption of pear trees, fruit output and quality. The fruit expanding stage was the maximum efficiency period of K absorption and utilization and topdressing. K fertilizer before this period was a practical fertilization way. Taking account of the yield, K physiological efficiency and fruit quality index, we recommended the K2O application rate of 450 kg/hm2in the high-yield orchard and 300 kg/hm2in the medium-yield orchard.
【总页数】8页(P1425-1432)
【作者】武晓;申长卫;丁易飞;伍从成;董彩霞;徐阳春
【作者单位】南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京
210095;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S601;S661.2
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