中考专题复习学案---形容词、副词

中考专题复习学案---形容词、副词
班级姓名
学习目标：
★中考对形容词副词的要求:
形容词的构成和基本用法
一．构成:
1.本身就是形容词: big thin fat hot wet fit red 等
2.加后缀（y,ern ,ful,en,n,able,al,ed,ing ）构成形容词：
天气+y：cloudy rainy windy snowy sunny foggy
方位+ern: northern southern eastern western
充满。

的ful: careful , useful , hopeful , helpful successful , beautiful , colourful ,wonderful, cheerful , forgetful , thankful, harmful,
表否定less: careless, useless, hopeless, endless helpless, homeless,harmless, sleepless
由。

制得en: wooden（木制的）, woolen，golden
(也可构成动词，例：soften软化deepen加深
有。

性质的ly: friendly , lovely , lively , lonely , daily
表大洲国家的+n：Asian European American Australian Canadian
能。

的可。

的able：comfortable knowledgeable
reasonable (合理的) enjoyable
+al：personal, national ,natural ,medical，central
+ed/ing: interested excited surprised
interesting exciting surprising
二用法：用来修饰名词或代词，用以说明人或事物的特征。

1、作定语: adj+名词
French is a difficult language .
不定代词+adj
2、作表语：放在系动词be, become, get, turn, keep,seem, look, sound, taste, smell, feel后
只能作表语的形容词有：ill ,asleep , awake , alone ,alike , afraid , sure ，well
3、作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,keep,find, think等动词连用。

We find it important to learn English well.
学以致用：
1.The lake looks ___in the moonlight . I often take a walk around it .
A . wonderfully B.famousC. beautiful D. well
2.— What are you going to give your brother for her birthday ?—I’m not sure .But I’ll buy
him _________.
A.Somethingspecial
B.anything special
C. special something D .nothing special
3.Tom is such a _______boy that he doesn’t make any mistakes in his homework .
A. careful
B. careless
C. carefully
D. carelessly
4.Her words made his father __________.
A.happy
B. happily
C. more happy
D. more happily
5.His mother is _____________(friend) to his classmates.
副词的构成和用法
一．副词的构成：
1.在形容词末尾直接加ly:
sadly ,slowly ,badly ,carefully，really，quickly，loudly widely，quietly，safely ，politely，strongly ,successfully
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i+ly
happy →happily healthy → healthily easy →easily angry → angrily lucky→luckily
h eavy →heavily
3.去e +ly:
true →truly terrible→terribly possible→ possibly
4.特殊记忆：good→ well
5.有些形容词与副词形式相同：
early, late, high, far , fast , hard, pretty
二．副词的基本用法：
1.修饰形容词或副词
例：①It’s really nice of you to help me with math. ②He’s terrible ill today.
③It’s rained so heavily that we could hardly go out.
④He parked the car very easily.
2.副词修饰动词
例：①It rained/snowed heavily yesterday.
②She sings well. Mr Wang teaches us well.
③English is widely used in the world.
④The plane landed safely.
⑤The old should be spoken to politely.
⑥The wind blew strongly last night.
⑦They went through the channel successfully.
3.当反意疑问句中陈述句中含有否定副词hardly, never, no,seldom反意问句部分用肯定。

例：The boys can hardly swim,_____?
A. can they
B. can’t they
C. do they
D. don’t they
4.不定副词: 考点——不定副词+形容词
①somewhere:某地，用于肯定句
②anywhere:任何地方用于否定句、疑问句
③everywhere:到处，处处
④nowhere:没有地方,本身表否定
5.adj./adv.+enough
例：The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.
Tom ran fast enough to catch the bus.
学以致用：
1.If you want to keep _____,try to eat _____.
A .healthy, healthily B. health , healthy
C. healthy , healthily
D. healthily , health
2.He is a__boy . He always speaks __to others.
A. polite ,polite
B. politely, politely
C. polite, politely
D. politely ,polite
3.（2010•荆州中考）—Do you t hink yesterday’s math problem was difficult? —Yes. I could _____ work it out.
A hardly
B easily C. finally D nearly
4.（2010•晋江中考）--Don’t worry. My mother will look after your baby __________.--Thanks
a lot.
A. careful enough
B. enough careful
C. carefully enough
D. carefully enough
5.(2010.衢州) As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,______ for children.
A. especially
B.recently
C. probably
D. Nearly
6. （2010•陕西）Sometimes it rains ___in Xi’an in summer.
A. heavy
B. heavily
C. strong
D. strongly
检：（10分钟）（达标测评——走向河北中考
1.（2000年）I think John can finish the work _______ (容易地).
2.（2003年）Mobile phones are _________(广泛地)used in most of the cities in China.
3.（2006年）Tony fell off his bike and hurt himself _____________（严重地）.
4.（2007年）Mrs. Smith smiled_______（幸福）when she received a present from her son on Mother’s Day.
5.（2009年）I’m not really __________ (饥饿). I’ll just have an ice cream.
6.（2010年）What a (sun) day it is today! Let’s go to the park.
7.（2000年）
A. careful enough
B. enough careful
C. carefully enough
D. enough carefully
8.（2000年）You’d better keep the windows _____. It’s so hot here.
A. open
B. opening
C. opens
D. opened
9.（2004年It's hard to keep the house ____ with three kids.
A. cleaning
B. to clean
C. cleaned
D. clean
10.（2006年）She told us a story. Her voicesounded .
A. sweet
B. small
C. clearly
D. sadly
11.（2008年）The air in the countryside is ___. So many people from the city go there on weekends.
A. soft
B. pretty
C. fresh
D. delicious
12.（2010年）The Internet is very useful for us. We can ___ find information.
A. easy
B. easily
C. hard
D. hardly
13. （2012年）Some animals can even see things ______in the dark.
A. bad
B. badly
C. clear
D. clearly
14. （2013年）We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so ______.
A. quick
B. quickly
C. useful
D. usefully
15. （2014）How ______ Cindy grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now.
A. cute
B. strong
C. fast
D. straight
16 (2015年) Mom, I'm very _________ for all your love.
A. thankful
B. careful
C. useful
D. helpful
17(2015年) The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is _________ worth seeing again.
A. mainly ·
B. really
C. possibly
D. hardly
18 (2016)You bought the last ticket for the concert. How _______ you are!
A. sweet
B. lucky
C. strange
D. funny
19.（2017）He often listens 74._____________ (careful) to my problems.
20.（2018年）28. This dog looks ______. It’s wearing red shoes.
A. clever
B. brave
C. funny
D. careful
21.（2018词汇）He thanked me and asked me about my name and my school. We talked 74. (happy).
Ⅸ. 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
阅读短文，并按要求完成66～70题。

Artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.
AI’s recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this attention has also produced a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.
According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI. In some industries, AI is already doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling (装配) cars, digging the coal and lifting goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers’ jobs in the future.
On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write programmes for AI systems (系统) and they will set up and work on them, too. Meanwhile, jobs that require feelings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代) by AI. These include jobs in fields like teaching, nursing, and personal training.
AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, not to fear.
66、67题完成句子；68题简略回答问题；69题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70题将文中
画线句子译成汉语。

66. AI is ___________________________________ that help machines to do tasks.
67. ___________________________________ controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.
68. What will AI create for people?
________________________________________________
69. _________________________________________________
70. _________________________________________________
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Here is a story to help you.
Once a bird lived unhappily. So it traveled far away to look for its happiness.
It flew and flew. Suddenly it saw a spider climbing up a wall. The spider fell off the wall halfway. But it kept climbing again and fell off again. Even so, the spider didn't give up. The little bird asked the spider in surprise. "Why don't you have pain but happiness on your face though you fail again and again?"
"Because I keep making my efforts. I'm happy." said the spider.
Then the little bird saw it happiness is a will in the heart.
The bird continued flying and saw a lame duck help a little duck who got lost to find the way back home. Although it was disabled, it had a smiling face.
"I'm happy because I can help others." said the lame duck.
So the bird saw it happiness is a love in the heart.
The bird went on flying and suddenly saw a little dying flower, whose face was full of smile. The bird didn't know the reason. So it asked the little flower, "You're going to die. Why are you still so happy?"
"Because my dream will come true," said the little flower.
"What is your dream?"
"To produce sweet fruit."
The little bird saw it: happiness is a hope in the heart.
So the little bird no more looked for happiness because it had seen the truth happiness is not in the faraway place but in your own heart. You are the maker of your own happiness.
（1）Who never gave up though it failed again and again in this passage?
A. The bird
B. The spider.
C. The flower.
D. The duck.
（2）Why is the little dying flower still so happy?
A. Because it often helps others.
B. Because it'll produce sour fruit.
C. Because it has a hope in the heart.
D. Because it keeps climbing up a wall.
（3）What can we know from the story?
A. The bird found happiness in its own heart.
B. The bird found happiness in the faraway place.
C. The bird didn't know where happiness was at last.
D. The lame duck wasn't happy because it had to help others.
（4）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Happiness is important for everyone.
B. Many people know how to find happiness.
C. We make happiness by ourselves.
D. The way to happiness is to have a dream, to help others and not to give up.
（5）The passage is mainly about .
A. will
B. hope
C. love
D. happiness
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了一只鸟想去远方寻找幸福，在路上，它从一只蜘蛛身上知道了幸福就是心中的信念，从一只鸭子身上知道了幸福就是心中的爱，从一朵花身上知道了幸福就是心中的希望。

于是它不再去寻找幸福了，因为它知道，幸福不在远方，而是在自己的心中。

（1）细节理解题。

根据The spider fell off the wall halfway. But it kept climbing again and fell off again. Even so, the spider didn't give up.可知，蜘蛛一次又一次的失败，却从未放弃过，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据“Because my dream will come true,” said the little flower. “What is your dream?”“To produce sweet fruit.” The little bird saw it: happiness is a hope in the heart.可知，因为这朵即将凋谢的小花心中有希望，故选C。

（3）理解归纳题。

根据So the little bird no more looked for happiness because it had seen the truth happiness is not in the faraway place but in your own heart.可知，鸟儿在自己的心中找到了幸福，故选A。

（4）理解判断题。

A、幸福对每个人都很重要；根据Happiness is important for everyone.可知A选项正确。

B、许多人知道如何找到幸福；根据Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. 可知B选项错误。

C、我们自己创造幸福；根据You are the maker of your own happiness.可知C选项正确。

D、幸福的道路是有一个梦想，帮助别人而不是放弃；阅读全文，通过蜘蛛的不放弃、鸭子的帮助他人、小花心中的希望，可知，幸福不在远方，而是在自己的心中。

所以D选项的描述是正确的。

故选B。

（5）主旨大意题。

根据Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Here is a story to
help you.可知，本文主要是讲述了人们如何去找到幸福，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。

要快速浏览全文，掌握主旨和大意，特别注意文章的主题句，理出作者的写作思路。

要尽快浏览课文后的思考题，尽量带着问题读。

完成事实细节题时，要找到定位句。

遇到推理判断题时，要注意作者的态度和命题人的意图，不可从个人的经验出发。

最后确定问题答案。

2．阅读理解
The secret of happiness
An old man walked slowly with a cane(手杖)into the restaurant .His old jacket, worn-out shoes and warm personality made him stand out from the usual crowd.
A young waitress watched him move toward a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said: “Here, sir……let me help you with that chair.”
Without saying a word, he smiled and nodded(点头)a thank you. She pulled the chair away from the table and helped him sit. Then she put his came against the table.
“Thank you, miss.”he said, kindly.
“You're welcome, sir.”she said.
After he had finished his breakfast, the waitress brought him the change(零钱)from his bill. He left it on the table. She helped him up and walked with him to the front door.
When she went to clean his table, she found a business card under his plate and note on a napkin(纸巾). Under the napkin was a 100-dollar bill.
The note on the napkin read: “Dear miss, I respect you very much and I can see you respect yourself, too. It shows by the way you treat others. (3)You have found the secret of happiness. Your kindness will shine through to all those who meet you.”
The man she had waited on was the owner of the restaurant where she worked. This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever seen him in person.
By Steve Brunkhorst
（1）The old man left﹩100 under the napkin because he
A. had a habit of giving tips to waitresses
B. thought the meal was delicious
C. wanted to thank the waitress for her good attitude
D. learned the secret of happiness from the waitress
（2）What do we know about the waitress and the old man?
A. The waitress knew who the old man was from the note.
B. The waitress knew the old man before she served him.
C. The old man wanted to have the waitress as his secretary.
D. It was the first time that the waitress had ever seen her boss.
（3）We can tell from the story that the old man went to the restaurant to .
A. have a good meal
B. enjoy good service
C. see the restaurant for himself
D. show his love for common people
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了一位餐馆的女服务员态度友好的为每一个客人服务从而获得幸福的故事。

有一天，一位穿着破旧的老人，拄着拐杖来餐馆吃早餐，这个女服务员，热情的为他服务，老人非常尊重她的服务态度，留给她100美元的小费，并且告诉她已经找到了生活的幸福。

（1）C推理判断题。

第二段的help you with that chair和第三段的helped him sit可知这个女服务员帮助了他，所以此处老人留下100美元应是感谢这个女服务员的。

故选C。

（2）D推理判断题。

根据最后一段的This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever seen him in person.可知这是她或任何其他的工人第一次见过老板本人。

（3）C推理判断题。

根据最后一段的This was the first time that she or any of the other workers had ever 故选D。

seen him in person.可知老板以前并没有亲自管理自己的餐馆，所以他这次来餐馆是为了亲自看看。

故选C。

3．阅读理解
Some parents are always comparing their children with themselves when they were young, or with other people when they were children.
"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year. And I knew what I wanted to do when I left school. I had goals. You are always at the bottom of your class, and you have no goals."
The man's son said nothing. He had heard this from his father many times.
"And when your mother was your age," the boy's father went on, "she had a good job and she was earning money. You don't even have a part-time job. You earn nothing."
The man's son still said nothing. He had heard this before, too.
"And when your older brother was your age," the boy's father went on, "he studied hard. You just waste your time."
And the man's son still said nothing.
Finally, the boy's father said, "And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night."
This time the son could not stay silent.
"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, Father," he said, "he was the President of the United States. What are you?"
His father had no answer to this.
（1）The father compared his son with the following people EXCEPT ________.
A. himself
B. the boy's brother
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. the boy's classmates
（2）How did the boy probably feel?
A. Happy.
B. Afraid.
C. Angry.
D. Surprised.
（3）What can we infer from the passage?
A. Some parents like comparing their children with other children.
B. The boy's father studied very well when he was young.
C. The boy was the youngest child in his family.
D. The father wanted his son to become President of the USA
（4）What is the passage mainly about?
A. A happy family on vacation.
B. A father complaining about his son.
C. A son lying to his father.
D. Abraham Lincoln as a child.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个抱怨自己儿子的爸爸。

（1）细节题。

根据"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸把儿子和自己比较；根据"And when your older brother was your age," the boy's father went on, "he studied hard. You just waste your time."可知爸爸把儿子和男孩的哥哥比较；根据Finally, the boy's father said, "And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night."可知爸爸把儿子和Abraham Lincoln比较，没有把儿子和同学比较，故选D。

（2）推断题。

根据全文可知爸爸一直抱怨儿子，把儿子和他人比较，所以儿子是生气的，即angry，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸小时候在班级里是好学生，即学习好，故选B。

（4）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了一个抱怨儿子的爸爸，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．阅读理解
What problems do the teenagers probably have？Here is a survey showing their main problems：
（1）What problems are caused by too much homework?
A. Feeling stressed and fights.
B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat.
C. Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted.
D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.
（2）If Simon is feeling stressed, he should .
A. do much more homework
B. make a plan to spend time on study and hobbies
C. donate his pocket money to Project Hope
D. buy some snacks
（3）Peter is tired of study, maybe because he .
A. has no close friends
B. has no pocket money
C. plays too many computer games
D. gets fatter and fatter
（4）is a good way for teenagers to stop fights.
A. Doing less homework
B. Playing computer games
C. Learning how to make friends
D. Paying no attention to each other
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了关于青少年可能有的问题的一项调查结果。

（1）细节题。

根据Feeling stressed Too much homework.Don't have enough time for their hobbies.Getting shortsighted Too much homework. Bad reading and writing habits.可知太多的作业会导致感觉有压力和变近视，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据第一行Advice Make a plan for study and hobbies.可知制定学习和爱好计划，故选B。

（3）细节题。

根据Feeling tired of study Computer games' bad influence.可知厌恶学习的原因是电脑的坏的影响，故选C。

（4）细节题。

根据Fights Make more friends and understand each other.可知交更多的朋友和相互理解可以阻止打架，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

5．阅读理解
For most people in the West, Valentine's Day(情人节) ends on February 15, but here in Japan it's not quite over until March 15. March 14-exactly one month after Valentine's Day--is White Day in Japan.
To really understand what White Day is all about, you have to understand what Valentine's Day in Japan is like. Japanese Valentine's Day is all about men getting presents. Japanese women are usually too shy to show their love, though it might not be true today. Valentine's Day is a great chance to let women show their feelings. Men should return gifts to women on White Day.
On both days, chocolate is the gift of choice. More often, the colour of the chocolate is white because of the name of the day. You can also buy flowers, candy or cookies.
Does it sound good to you? Don't get too excited when you get chocolate from Japanese girls! They give chocolate not only to their loved ones, but also to men such as bosses( 老板) and male(男性的) friends.
The Japanese first celebrated White Day in 1978. Now it is also celebrated in South Korea and Taiwan, China.（1）In Japan, Valentine's Day ends on ________________.
A. February 14
B. February 15
C. March 14
D. March 15
（2）What's the most common White Day gift?
A. White chocolate.
B. Flowers.
C. Candy.
D. Cookies.
（3）What can we learn from the passage?
A. White Day has a history of 100 years.
B. White Day is all about women getting gifts.
C. People all over the world celebrate White Day.
D. On White Day girls only give gifts to their boyfriends.
（4）What's the best title for the passage?
A. The history of Valentine's Day
B. Valentine's Day
C. How to celebrate White Day
D. White Day in Japan
（5）The writer of this passage may be from ________________.
A. Japan
B. China
C. America
D. South Korea
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了日本的白色情人节。

（1）细节题。

根据but here in Japan it's not quite over until March 15.可知日本情人节直到3月15日结束，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据On both days, chocolate is the gift of choice.可知巧克力是礼物的选择，故选A。

（3）细节题。

根据Japanese Valentine's Day is all about men getting presents. Valentine's Day is a great chance to let women show their feelings.Men should return gifts to women on White Day.可知日本的白色情人节是关于男士得到礼物，并且男士把礼物归还给女士，故选B。

（4）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了日本的白色情人节，故选D。

（5）推断题。

根据全文可知主要讲了主要讲了日本的白色情人节，所以作者可能来自日本，即Japan，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。