2019高考英语专题复习讲义：选修7Unit+3Under+the+sea

选修7Unit 3Under the sea
1witness v t .当场见到；目击；证明 v i .作证
n ．目击者；证人；证据
I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(教材P 20)
当时我认为这只是个故事，但之后好多次我亲眼目睹了这样的事情。

(1)witness ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ against 对……作不利的证明 for 对……作有利的证明；为……辩护
to sth/doing sth 作证证明某事/做某事
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
be a witness to 是……的证人/证据bear/give witness to 为……作证；证明 ①She will witness against him and he will surely be sentenced for various crimes.
她会证明他有罪， 他就会以各种罪名被判刑。

②Our city witnesses (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市四季分明，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点儿冷。

【提示】 英语中常使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物的名词，谓语动词常为witness, see, find 等。

③The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man enter the building.
司机作证说，他看到此人进入了那栋大楼。

④His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。

2urge v t .催促；极力主张；驱策
n ．强烈的欲望；冲动
“Man overboard ！Turn the boat around ！” urged George, shouting loudly.(教材P 20)
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
(1)urge ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ sth/sb on 催促某物/某人前进sb to do/into doing sth 催促某人做某事 (2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
urge that...(should ) do sth 极力主张；强调……It is urged that...(should ) do sth 坚决要求…… (3)urgent adj .紧急的；迫切的
(4)urgency n ．紧急的事
①When my old friend Brian urged me to_accept (accept) a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我抽支烟时，我实在熬不住了。

②He urged that delegates (should )_be_elected (elect) from the workers.
他坚持代表必须从工人中选举产生。

③The people in the earthquake –stricken area are in urgent (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
地震灾区的人们急需食品、药品和住的地方。

3abandon v t .遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止
n ．放任；放纵 From James' face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.(教材P 21)
从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。

(1)abandon ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ one's hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意oneself to (to 为介词)沉湎/纵情于……
doing sth 放弃做某事
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
abandoned adj .无约束的；无度的；放荡的be abandoned to 沉湎于…… ①After her mom died, she abandoned herself (she) to grief.
母亲死后，她沉浸于悲痛之中。

②They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan for lack of money.
因为缺少资金，他们放弃了执行这项计划。

③The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won.
当他们的足球队赢得比赛时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。

4reflect v t .思考；映射；反射 v i 思考 I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day —a day of pure magic! (教材P 24)
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——真是神奇的一天！
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ reflect sb/sth in sth (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth from sth 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon sth 思考某事
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
reflection n .反射；反照；反映；映像be lost in (deep ) reflection 陷入深思中 ①You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes and failures.
你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。

②When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat is_reflected (reflect) back into space.
太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热量被反射到太空。

【巧学活用】 ——高考小作文
③这反映了当今青少年更关心手机而不是朋友的趋势。

It_reflects_a_trend_that nowadays teenagers care_more_about_their_phones instead of friends.
5scare v t .恐吓 v i .受惊吓 I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! (教材P 24)
我自言自语地说它们并不危险，但是这没有抑制一会儿我那怕得要死的恐惧心理。

(1)scare ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
sb/sth away/off 把某人/某物吓跑sb into/out of (doing ) sth 恐吓某人(做/不做)某事 (2)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ scared adj .受惊吓的；感到害怕的be scared ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do/of (doing ) sth 害怕(做)某事that...害怕……to death 吓死了；吓得要死 ①The birds were_scared (scare) away by the sudden barking of a dog.
鸟被突然的狗叫声吓跑了。

②They scared her out of calling the police.
他们吓得她不敢报警。

③Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.
有些父母试图用吓唬的方法使孩子们守规矩。

④My little brother was teased by fellow students in the school, but he was far too scared (scare) to tell anybody.
我弟弟在学校被同学捉弄，但他害怕极了，不敢告诉任何人。

1help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困难或危难；协助 What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out? (教材P 21)
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
(1)help ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ sb with/to do sth 帮助某人做某事oneself (to sth )自取；自用 (2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事can't help but do sth 不得不做某事 (3)with the help of 在……的帮助下；借助……
①I will help out on my father's farm this summer.
今年夏天我要到父亲的农场去帮忙。

②Can you help me out with the math problem?
你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？
③When she saw the strange and funny person, she could not help laughing (laugh)．
见到这个滑稽的怪人，她不禁笑了。

④When a close friend dies, we can't help but feel (feel) sad.
当一位亲密的朋友去世时，我们无法抑制悲伤。

2be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me...(教材P 24) 我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩……
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ aware adj .意识到的；知道的be aware of/that...知道……；意识到……make sb aware of/that...提醒某人注意……as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
awareness n .意识；认识raise awareness of 提高……的意识
develop an awareness of 培养……的意识 ①When visiting another country, you should be aware of those cultural differences and respect them.
当你去另外一个国家的时候，一定要意识到那些文化差异并尊重它们。

②I was not aware that she had already told you.
我不知道她已经跟你说了。

③The campaign aims to raise awareness (aware) of the dangers of passive smoking.
这项运动的目的是要提高对被动吸烟危害性的认识。

1where 引导地点状语从句 The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P 24)
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。

【句式点拨】
where..., there be...意为“在……的地方，有……”， where 引导地点状语从句。

另外，wherever(无论什么地方，无论在何处)也可引导地点状语从句。

①As the saying goes, where there is a smoke, there is a fire.
常言道，无风不起浪。

②Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
失业率与犯罪率高的地方，犯罪都是由失业引起的。

③All I'm hoping for is that wherever Trevor is he will come home safe and sound.
我只希望不管特雷弗在哪里，他都能平平安安回家。

2“from behind”等双重介词结构
Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.(教材P 24)
然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，它们突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。

【句式点拨】
句中的each about one and a half metres long实际上是独立主格结构，在此处作定语。

which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰reef sharks。

from behind是双重介词。

双重介词结构是由两个介词搭配而成，以“from＋另一个介词”居多，常见的有：from above从……上方
from among 从……当中
from across 从……对面
from before 从……以前(开始)
from beneath 从……下面
from between 从……当中
from beyond 从……的那边
from inside 从……里面
from out of 从……中出来
from under 从……下面
①You may choose one from among these books.
你可以从这些书中挑选一本。

②I saw him from across the street.
我从街道对面看到了他。

③The word has been in use from before World War Ⅱ.
这个词在第二次世界大战以前就被使用了。

【拓展延伸】除“from＋介词”外，英语中还有其他“双重介词”结构。

④We didn't get home until after midnight.
我们午夜以后才到家。

⑤He seldom goes anywhere except to his office.
除了去办公室外，他很少去别的地方。

⑥The car traveled fifty miles in under an hour.
这辆汽车不到一小时就行驶了50英里。

Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)
1．It is reported that schools have_been_urged/are_urged(urge) to increase physical education, an important tool for public health.
2．She sat reflecting(reflect) on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
3．There is no surprise that Linda became a writer. Even when she was a child, she could
retell a story vividly(vivid)．
4．All of a sudden, I was possessed by a feeling of being_abandoned(abandon). Struck by both grief and anger, I couldn't help crying bitterly.
5．I have_witnessed(witness) so many things over the past two years, and I can say with such certainty that this is the single most important moment of my career.
6．Yelling at your kids is a bad habit because it leaves everybody feeling tense and tears down your children's self–esteem.
7．A lack of awareness(aware) of cultural difference to local customs can cause problems.
8．Scared(scare) and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.
9．We felt at home with our tutor and were impressed with the depth(deep) of her knowledge.
10．We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs.
Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)
1．Drivers should be made to aware of the danger of driving after drinking.
2．The world has witnessed of China's rapid development in space with the successful launch of Chang'e–3.
escape, managing to hide in a cabin after being 3．Lisa was one of many who had a narrowly
narrow
chased by the gunman.
at 4．Though I had worked in the publishing industry my whole career, I was scared to die
death the thought of actually trying to write an entire book.
5．A truck came in the opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply
turn.
sharp
I spent almost each day without worries.
6．I often miss my childhood. It was a time that
when
7．They abandon themselves to drink
although they are drivers, which is very dangerous
drinking
both to them and the passengers.
kept open during the vacation.
8．It is strongly urged that the library was
be
9．Working without reflecting in
what you're doing locks you into repeating your
on/upon
failures.
there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
10．A number of high buildings have arisen ∧
where
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
I began working at a whaling station when I was 16. I had heard of the killers help whalers catch huge whales but it was on the afternoon when I arrived at the station that I 1.witnessed
(witness) it with my own eyes.
I was sorting out my accommodation 2.when I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us 3.throwing(throw) itself out of the water and then crashing down again. That was Old Tom, the killer, who was telling us there was a whale out there for us.
Without pausing, we jumped into the boat and headed out into the bay, with Old Tom 4.leading(lead) us to the hunt again.
As we drew 5.closer(close), I could see a whale 6.being_attacked(attack) by a pack of about six other killers.
Soon the most extraordinary thing happened: the killers started racing 7.between our boat and the whale just like some excited dogs; the man in the boat aimed the harpoon 8.at the whale and let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 9.Within a moment or two, its body was dragged down into the 10.depth(deep) of the sea.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·福建闽侯一中高三一检)Want to boost the chance of your story being published in Reader's Digest and win $25,000? Here are a few of our favorite entries so far i n our “Your life: The Reader's Digest Version” contest. After reading these, head over to Facebook and submit your own story about a special moment or lesson that shaped your life.
“There's Always a John” By Darla Boyd
My first year of teaching, there was a kid named John in my class. John was difficult to control and he nearly drove me crazy. While talking about him one day, an old teacher put his hand on my shoulder and said, “There will always be a John. Your job is to learn to discover what makes him di fferent and help him succeed.” The next year, there was indeed another John. But that advice taught me that there is something to appreciate in everyone.
“An Early Key Lesson” By Elaine West
Before I began my first teaching job, my mother, a teacher of 30 years, gave me a very special gift, five simple words that have had an effect on my entire life. “Make friends with the janitor(门卫)．”Her wisdom taught me the respect for all types of characters and continues to enrich my life to this day. Just five little words but what an impact they can have when you take them to heart.
“Raising Mommy” By Jan Davis
Being a mother can always present challenges and rewards. Someone told me early that children will teach you everything you need to know. Being a mother is being raised. Our children become our advisers. Their dreams become our professors, as we are taking notes carefully. The sounds of their laughter and smiles are a great reward to us. Their tears remind us that it is okey to
fail, and that we should wipe the tears away and try again.
语篇导读本文为应用文，是一则征稿启事。

编辑在征稿的同时给出了三篇优秀作品供读者参考。

1．What did Elaine West's mother advise her to do?
A．Don't treat students differently.
B．Respect people from different backgrounds.
C．Don't judge people by appearance.
D．Take care of janitors.
解析B细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数第二句可知，母亲建议“我”要学会尊重拥有不同背景的人，故选B项。

2．From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A．a mother improves herself greatly in parenting
B．a mother should be given more care
C．children should realize the dreams of their parents
D．being a mother has more challenges than rewards
解析A推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，母亲在教育孩子的同时也不断地提高了自己，故选A项。

3．The text is most probably a(n) ________.
A．poster about a lecture
B．ad for three new books
C．introduction to a contest
D．notice inviting contributions
解析D推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句以及后面列举出的一些作品可知，这是一则征稿启事，故选D项。

B
Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two–thirds of the world's population lives within 80 kilometers of the sea coast.
In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be expected to supply many of man's needs.
The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology is impressive. Oil and gas explorations have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals existing on the ocean floor are ready to be developed.
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by eastern people.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy.
Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.
语篇导读本文为说明文，主要概述海洋与人类生活的密切联系。

4．Which of the following are the types of resources that sea offers man?
A．Fish, shellfish and oil.
B．Food, gas and oil.
C．Warm temperature and ocean currents.
D．Food, energy sources and minerals.
解析D细节理解题。

根据第三、四、五段和最后一段可知，海洋为人类提供的资源种类包括食物、矿物资源和能源，故选D项。

5．How can the warm temperature of the ocean be used as a possible source of energy?
A．It can be used as a huge air–conditioner to warm the ship.
B．It can work in a way similar to the steam in a steamboat.
C．The heat of the warm ocean can be transported to factories.
D．The heat of the warm ocean can be stored and delivered.
解析B细节理解题。

根据第五段可知，专家相信，可以像使用蒸汽船中的蒸汽一样来利用温暖的海洋温度，与B项是同义转换，故选B项。

6．We can conclude from this passage that ________.
A．the sea resources have largely been used up
B．the sea, in the broad sense, has not yet been developed
C．the problems stopping us from developing the sea have been solved
D．modern technology is good enough to exploit all the sea resources
解析B推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句可知，海洋仍然被期待着能够满足人类的多种需要，故A项错误；阻止我们开发海洋的问题还没有解决，但随着技术的发展，大部分问题将得到解决，故C项错误；现代技术仍不足以开发全部的海洋资源，故D项错误；从广义上说，海洋还有很多地方没有得到开发，特别是深海，故选B项。

7．The best title for this passage is ________.
A．Harvesting the Sea with Technology
B．Supplying Sea Food
C．Technology for Developing the Sea
D．Man and the Sea
解析A标题归纳题。

纵观全文，可以得知本文主要是讲述随着技术的发展，人类从海洋中收获的也越来越多，故选A项。

Ⅱ.语法填空
(状元桥改编)Members of the post–1990 generation looking for work apply for multiple positions and hold high expectations of the jobs. They are particular about employment and it was common for them 1.to break(break) appointments for job interviews.
The only child is characteristic of the most of the families since 1990. His or her living condition has 2.greatly(great) improved from that of the post–1980 and post–1970 generations. They don't experience much pressure in life so they pay closer attention to 3.personal(person) preferences and interests when 4.hunting(hunt) for a job.
They do not care about the amount of money they make. 5.Instead, the working environment, the happiness they get from their work and respect from others are the first three things 6.that matter most.
As the saying goes, second 7.thoughts(think) are the best. The post–1990 generation does not think twice about leaving in their first year of work. If they lose interest in a job or are not clear about their future career path, they 8.will quit(quit) easily.
Members of the generation are also more self–centered. They want more time for 9.themselves(they) and are not willing to work overtime. Their attitude to life is more casual.
This generation is very sensitive and has a lot of self–respect, 10.so the employers need to be concerned about their temperaments(性情) and ways of communication.
语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了中国当下的“90后”找工作时所秉承的原则和态度，以及产生这种价值观的原因。

1．to break解析考查非谓语动词。

it is/was common for sb to do sth某人做某事是常见的，为固定句式。

2．greatly解析考查词性转换。

修饰动词improved应用副词，greatly极大地。

3．personal解析考查词性转换。

修饰名词preferences和interests应用形容词。

4．hunting解析考查省略。

分析句子结构可知，本句为时间状语从句。

在时间和条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be时，从句常省略主语和be。

此处完整形式为“...when they are hunting for a job”。

5．Instead解析考查副词。

空前讲“他们不在意能赚多少钱”，空后讲“工作环境、从工作中获得的幸福感和来自别人的尊重最重要”。

前后有语义上的转折关系，且更偏重于“反而，取而代之”，故填Instead。

6．that解析考查连词。

本句为定语从句，先行词为the first three things，引导词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。

7．thoughts解析考查词性转换和名词的数。

句意：常言道，三思而后行。

空后谓语动词是are，则主语应为名词复数形式，故填thoughts。

8．will quit解析考查时态。

句意：如果他们对工作失去兴趣或不清楚未来职业发展道路，他们将轻易放弃。

此处填will quit表示将来的情况。

9．themselves解析考查代词。

此处指他们想留给自己更多的时间，故此处应用反身代词。

10．so解析考查连词。

空前讲“这一代人非常敏感，自尊心强”，空后讲“雇主们需要考虑这一代人的性情……”，前后两句存在因果关系。

Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Sir,
Thank you for
invite
inviting
①me to the summer English courses in your school.As for my choice
among
between
②the two courses, I prefer the four–week course because of③it will allow me more time
to do traveling and make a little
few
④new friends. Of all the
subject
subjects
⑤I'm learning at school, I like
English best. I had
have
⑥been learning English for eleven years but my
speaking
spoken
⑦English is poor.
So I really hope to take this chance to improve them
it
⑧. If possible, I'd like to stay with a family for
a couple of days in order that I can know some customs in England, which I'm particularly
interested ∧
in
⑨. I believe I
would
will
⑩have a good time this summer.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
①解析前有介词for，故用动名词。

②解析两者之间用between；三者及以上之间用among。

③解析because of后接名词或动名词；because后接从句。

④解析a few限定修饰可数名词；a little限定修饰不可数名词。

⑤解析句意：在所有的在校所学科目中我最喜欢英语。

all后接可数名词的复数。

⑥解析“我”学习英语已有11年了。

此处应用现在完成时。

⑦解析spoken English是名词短语，spoken是过去分词作定语。

spoken English英语口语，为固定搭配。

⑧解析根据前后语境可知指代的是提高“英语口语”，故用单数it。

⑨解析be interested in对……感兴趣。

当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常
常被置于从句的句尾。

⑩解析根据前后语境可知，此处要用一般将来时。