英语句子结构大全

句子的基本结构
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。

1、主语:句子的主体，全句述说的对象。

一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。

The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you.
2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。

由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。

The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、宾语:表示动作的对象。

一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。

He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。

一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。

He is a student.
We are tired.
注意:除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

The black bike is mine.(形容词)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)
I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式)
注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。

例如: I tell him something interesting.
2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如:
The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。

1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;
I am very sorry.
2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。

由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。

常位于宾语后。

He made me sad.(形容词)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名词)
I find him at home.(介词短语)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词)
8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
二、句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

例如:
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。

(说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。

(说明看法)
2)疑问句:提出问题。

有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句:
Can you finish the work in time?
b. 特殊疑问句:
Where do you live?
Do you want tea or coffee?
d. 反意疑问句:
He doesn't know her, does he?
3)祈使句:提出请求，建议或发出命令。

例如:
Don't be nervous!
4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。

例如:
What good news it is!
2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。

例如:
She is fond of collecting stamps.
2)并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。

例如:
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
五种句型结构：1.主语＋谓语；2.主语＋系动词＋表语；如：The tree (主) gets（系）green(表).3.主语＋谓语＋宾语；如：I (主) like (谓) she (宾). 4.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语.（即双
宾语结构）如：I (主)didn't go(谓)to school(间宾) but home(直宾). 5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（即宾补）.如：I (主)carry(谓) a dictionary (宾)with me everywhere I go(宾补).。