单词中的重音与语篇中的语调

7.Approximately (17/70)percent of Americans donate to charities. 8.Friday the (13 th/30 th) is considered an unlucky date. 9.In 1995,(14/40) percent of all U.S . households owned personal computers. 提示：有时母语为美语的人并不重读-teen，结果就很难区分
6、两个词组成的短语动词的重读形式。 print out print out the document put off put off the meeting brush up brush up on my Spanish 规则六：重读小品词（或称第二部分） 示例：get OUT ; look UP
(一些单词的名词形式和动词形式没有重音转移现象， PROgram,misTAKE,PROfit,rePORT,conCERN,Answer)
朗读下面的单词和句子。首先注意单词的重音，再尝试着在 整个句子读出来。 1.Pay back I’ll pay you back next week. 2.Paycheck I deposited my paycheck. 3.Newspaper Recycling newspaper is a good idea 4.Checkbook My checkbook has disappeared. 5.dropout She’s high school dropout.
两种基本的语调模式： 1、用于陈述或特殊疑问句的降调 2、用于一般疑问句的升调
请根据以上规则，判断以上句子的升降调。
Can I HELP you? I’d LIKE some COffee . You WANT COffee? For HOW MAny? For TOW. WHAT TIME? ABout Seven.
2、两个名词组合成的复合词，重音在什么位置呢？ air conditioner repair the air conditioner traffic jam stuck in a traffic jam air pollution causes of air pollution 规则二: 重音常常在第一个名词或第一个名词的主音 节上。 示例: VAcuum cleaner , comPUter lab （注意：当每个名词所代表的事物是第二个名词事物 的一个组成部分时，双名词复合词的规则就不再适 用，如 vegetable soup ,chocolate milk ,glass bowl ）
6. outgrown He’s aready outgrown his new shoes. 7. upstairs Room 2-10 is upstairs. 8. give up Don’t give up before you try. 9. present I’ll present the speaker. 10. permit You’ll need a permit to do the work.
7、表示地点或方向的复合副词。
overseas downtown northeast
go overseas drove downtown in the northeast
规则七：重读复合副词的第二部分。 示例：outSIDE upSTAIRS
8、兼可用作名词或动词的双音节词。 名词 动词 conduct conduct present present email email 规则八：名词重读第一个音节，动词重读第二个音节。 示例：CONvert(名词) conVERT(动词)
当每个名词所代表的事物是第二个名词事物的一个组成部分时双名词复合词的规则就不再适用如vegetablesoupchocolatemilkglassbowl3下面的反身代词重音在什么位置myselfwentmyselfthemselvesfinishedthemselves规则三
语篇中单词的重音 和句子的语调
3、下面的反身代词，重音在什么位置 myself went by myself themselves finished it themselves
规则三 : 重读-self 或 –selves 示例 : herSELF
4、听表示几十和十几的数字，如forty 和 fourteen ，能听见重音的规则吗 sixty candles sixteen candles gate 40 gate 14 may thirtieth may thirteenth
2.依次列出两项或更多东西时，除了最后一项外其他 所有项的重读音都要是声调。声调表示下面还有； 降调表示结束。.
请讨论以下句子的发音。 1.Grades are based on class participation, two papers, and three exams. 2.While you’re at the store ,please get dog food, coffee filters, and chicken wings. 3.The apartment has a kitchen, a living room, two bedrooms, and a bath. 4.The environmental protection agency protects the air ,soil, and watter
6.在句末使用直接称谓时，通常把人名和句子其他部 分分开来说。开始时低音，然后慢慢升高。
实例： What did you buy Mary? 实例：a. Are you bathing children? (one focus word ;children are being spoken about) b. Are you bathing, children? (two focus word; children are being spoken to) 尝试着读下面几个句子。
5.说话人在特殊疑问句中用降调很可能是要获取更多 的信息；如果说话人用升调则很有肯能 是想要对方 重复或加以澄清。如果想要对方重复，就要在特殊 疑问句上用升调。
请根据上下文，猜测一下句子的语调，并尝试着读出来。
对话一： A: I ‘m going to the middle east. B: Where? A: Lebanon 对话二： a: I ‘m going to the middle east. B: Where? A: The middle east.
-------- 国贸 刘爽Shania (*^__^*)
1、听复合名词的重音，你能找出规则吗？ deadline establish a deadline classroom a noisy classroom software install the software 规则一：复合名词当中往往重读第一个词而不 是第二个。 示例:AIRport LAPtop
“He is eighteen years old”与“He is eighty years old.”。 下面的方法可以帮你听出两者的不同：重读音节的开头的 / t/,如-teen ,强烈且清晰。位于单词中部，为非重读音节开 头的/ t/,如-ty,更接近/ d/(EIGHdy ,THIRdy, SIXdy)
4.如果像澄清整个陈述句，最后一个实义 词要 用升调。
示例：A: I broke my leg. B: You broke your leg? (how did you do that?)
若是想要澄清或者重复具体的某 一项，所要澄清的那个具体项目要用升 调。
A: The number is 555-2435. B: 5555-2435?(I am not certain of the fourth number.)
1. We have to pay John. 2.I don’t understand Dr. White. 3.Are you hiring Jane？ 4.I need to see Dr. White. 5. I didn’t call Lee.
规则四: 重读-teen音节。 示例: EIGHty versus eighTEEN
听下面朗读选出正确答案。并练习这些句子。 1.（17/70）percent of all smokers want to quit. 2. A typical bath uses (15/50) gallons of water. 3. About (13/30)percent of all births in the United States are single mothers. 4. In 1995,about (14/40) percent of Florida’s population was foreign born. 5. About (15/50)percent of all fatal car crashes are alcohol related. 6. Around (15/50)percent of Americans say they are shy.

请大家分组判断句子的音调。并练习之。
How
was your trip? Have you applied for a check card? Did you have a good trip? I’d like an appointment with you. Is there a problem? Let’s turn off the air conditioner.
3.在陈述句中，升调可以用来表示惊讶或不信任；升 调通常用在最后一个实义词的重读音节上。
X：She’s a grandmother. Y: She’s a grandmother? (You are kidding,she looks so young) 请大家讨论下面几个句子的语调： 1.Tom lost his job. Tom lost his job? 2. He is majoring in economics. He is majoying in economics? He can’t even balance his checkbook. 3. Ms. Brown’s out of town. She’s out of town?
语调的功能
1.在提供选择的陈述句或疑问句中，第一 种选择升调，第二种选择降调。
eg: Is this exam today or tomorrow ? To be /or not to be . 练习一下e speed limit 65 or 70? Should we take your car or mine? Should I turn left or right?
11. boyfriend / suspect Her boyfriend is a suspect. 12. take off / thirty The plant’s due to take off at 7:30. 13. pick up I’ll pick you up at seven. 14 project Did they project our profits? 15 homework / handout Your homework is on the handout.
5、听有前缀和词根的动词。你能指出他的重音规则 吗？ outrun outrun his teammate overlook overlook the error withdrew withdrew fifty dollars predict predict the outcome 规则五：重读这些动词的词根（或称第二部分） 示例：underSTAND overEAT interACT