上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末考试 语文试卷

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上海市杨浦区2012届高三上学期期末学科测试试题(语文)

上海市杨浦区2012届高三上学期期末学科测试试题(语文)

上海市杨浦区2012届高三第一学期期末考试语文试卷(答案做在答题卡上)(满分150分,时间150分钟)2011年12月一阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1-6题。

(16分)(1)我们知道,人的情绪、心理、性格极易受到周围世界的影响。

(2)那么,清旷灵秀的江南山水又对人的文化心理产生着怎样的影响呢?(3)学者常常引用孟德斯鸠的观点来阐述气候对人的精神气质的影响。

孟德斯鸠认为:‚人们在寒冷气候下,便有较充沛的精力‛,‚有较强的自信,也就是说,有较大的勇气。

‛相反,如果把一个人放在闷热的地方,由于上述原因,他便会感到心神萎靡,缺乏勇气。

孟德斯鸠的观点虽然有绝对化的倾向,但其独特的视角却给人以启发。

我们可以这样认为:在一般的情况下,寒冷的气候使人勇敢、豪爽,炎热的气候使人敏感、消沉,而长期在湿润的气候条件下生活的人们,则具有和谐、平衡、机敏、细腻的心理特征。

江南文化在其发展过程中,虽然经历着千门万户的变换,但基本的心理图景却由其地理环境所规定。

(4)再就地形地貌的影响来看,黑格尔曾以地形地貌为依据将地理环境分成三种类型,即高原、平原和海岸区域。

在黑格尔看来,三种不同的地理环境分别形成了牧业、农业和商业等不同的文化形态。

我们在讨论江南文化结构中的精神层——亦即江南文化精神的时候,同样可以通过比较江南江北地形地貌的差异来进行阐述。

(5)不同的自然风貌会影响到人的审美心理。

我们知道,就普遍的情况来看,北方多崇山峻岭和高原,植被和色彩都显得相对单调。

但另一方面,这单调却又是严峻、崇高和阔大的,生活在那里的人们,目光所及,是巨大而高远的世界,所以,生活在北方的人其心胸也就随之扩展,喜好刚毅雄强、粗犷豪迈的美感类型;而江南则有丰饶的物产、秀美的山川,其植被繁密而多彩,景观变化细微而多端。

生活在这里的人们,长期感受着的是温山软水、莺飞草长,是一川烟草、满城风絮,因此,其文化心理极易被导向精细和柔婉,沈谦评辛弃疾词云:‚稼轩词以激扬奋励为工,至‘宝钗分〃桃叶渡’一曲,呢狎温柔,魂销意尽,才人伎俩,真不可测。

上海市普陀区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测(一模)语文

上海市普陀区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测(一模)语文

第2讲 电压 电阻 1.知道电压及其单位. 2.掌握电压表的使用规则,会用电压表测电压. 3.理解串联电路和并联电路中电压的规律. 4.知道电阻及其单位,了解决定电阻大小的因素. 5.知道滑动变阻器的构造,能用滑动变阻器改变电流. 6 了解半导体及其特点,了解超导体及其特点. (2)________是提供电压的装置.(电源的作用类似于水泵) 2.单位:电压用字母______表示,单位是______,简称伏, 符号为______.常用单位还有千伏(kV)和毫伏(mV). 单位换算:1 kV=1 000 V,1 V=1 000 mV. 一、电压 1.概念: 电流 电源 (1) 电压是使电路中的电荷定向移动从而形成________ 的 原因.(电压类似于水压) U 伏特 V 3.生活中的常见电压:一节新干电池的电压为________; 安全电压为不高于______;家庭电路的电压为__________. 4.电压表: 1.5 V 36 V 220 V (1)作用:测量导体或电源两端的________. 电压 (2)符号:________. (3)量程和分度值:0~3 V(分度值为 0.1 V)和 0~15 V(分度 值为 0.5 V). (4)注意事项:①使用前要先调零;②电压表要________在 被测电路两端,应使电流从________接线柱流入,从________ 接线柱流出;③应选择合适的量程,在无法估测被测电压时, 可选________的量程进行试触;④读数时应先看清使用的量程, 再读数. 并联 正 负 最大 5.串、并联电路电压的规律: 之和 相等 (1)串联电路中电压的规律:总电压等于电路各部分的电压 ________,表达式为 U=U1+U2+…+Un.(2)并联电路中电压的规律:各支路两端的电压________, 表达式为 U=U1=U2=…=Un. 二、电阻 R 欧姆 Ω 千欧兆欧 1 .概念:表示导体对电流的阻碍作用的大小,用字母 ________表示. 2.单位:国际单位是________,用字母________表示.常 用的单位还有________和________. 单位换算:1 kΩ=1 000 Ω,1 MΩ=1 000 kΩ=106Ω. 3.电阻的特性:导体的电阻大小是由其自身的因素决定的, 与其两端的电压和通过的电流的大小________. 无关 4 . 决 定 电 阻 的 因 素 : 决 定 于 导 体 的 __________ 、 __________、横截面积和温度. 材料 长度5.电阻的种类: 一定电阻值 (1)定值电阻:定值电阻是具有______________的元件,也 叫电阻器,简称电阻.(2) 电阻箱:其优点是能______________ ,缺点是不能 读出电阻值 ____________. 连续变阻 (3)滑动变阻器:①原理:通过改变接入电路中的电阻丝的________来改变 接入电路中的电阻的大小. 长度 ②符号和结构示意图: 图4-2-1 ③接线方法:正确的接线方法必须遵循“一上一下”的原 则. ④使用注意事项:闭合开关前,应使滑动变阻器连入电路 的电阻最大,以保护电路. 6.半导体和超导体: 单向导电 光敏 发热 (1)半导体:导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间,如硅、锗等; 二极管具有____________性,电流只能从它的一端流向另一端, 不能反向流动;半导体还有热敏特性、________特性. (2)超导体:有些导体在温度很低时,电阻突然消失,处于 这种状态的导体称为超导体.超导体的电阻为零,电流通过时 不会________. 考点 1 串、并联电路的电压规律 [例 1]在图 4-2-2甲所示的电路中,当闭合开关后,两个 电压表指针偏转的情况均如图乙所示,则电阻 R1 和 R2 两端的 电压分别为( ) 图 4-2-2 思路点拨:电压表的电阻很大,电压表处一般看成断路, 利用“去表法”可以判断出两个电阻是串联的,其中电压表 测量电源电压 U,电压表 测量电阻 R2 的电压 U2,再根据串联 电路总电压等于各用电器两端电压之和,有 U>U2,所以 用的 是大量程, 用的是小量程,R1 两端的电压可用 U1=U-U2 求 出. A.4.8 V , 1.2 V B.6 V , 1.2 V C.1.2 V , 6 V D.1.2 V , 4.8 V 【答案】A 金属丝代号 材料 长度/m 横截面积/mm2 A 金属甲 1 0.2 B 金属甲 1 0.1 C 金属乙 1 0.1 D 金属乙 0.5 0.1 考点 2 影响电阻大小的因素[ 例 2](2011 年广安)在“探究导体的电阻跟哪些因素有 关”的实验中: (1)甲同学的猜想是:①电阻可能与导体的材料有关. 乙同学的猜想是:②电阻可能与导体的温度有关. 丙同学的猜想是:③电阻可能与导体的横截面积有关. 根据你掌握的电学知识,你猜想:④电阻还可能与导体的 __________有关. (2)现有金属材料甲和金属材料乙制成的各种不同规格的 金属丝,规格如上表.选用导线 A 和 B 进行实验,可以探究 ________(填“甲”、“乙”或“丙”)同学的猜想.要想探究 猜想①,应该选用________(填上面表格中导线的字母代号)两 根导线进行实验. 思路点拨:影响导体电阻大小的因素有导体的材料、长度、 横截面积和温度.在探究导体电阻大小跟某一因素之间的关系 时,一定要体现控制变量的思想,即控制其他量不变. 【答案】(1)长度 (2)丙 B、C 考点 3 用电表判断电路故障 [例 3](2012 年眉山)如图 4-2-3 所示,开关 S 闭合后, L1 和 L2 都不发光,将电压表并联在 ab 之间时,电压表示数为 0,将电压表并联在 bc 之间时,电压表示数较大,若电路中只 有一处故障,则该故障可能是( ) 图 4-2-3 A.L2 断路 B.L2 短路 C.L1 断路 D.L1 短路 思路点拨:由电路图知,两灯泡串联,闭合开关,灯泡不 亮,可能是断路或短路,因为两灯都不亮,所以不可能是其中 一盏灯短路,只能是其中一盏灯断路. 【答案】A 1.(2012年广东)如图4-2-4 所示的电压表,若选 0~3 V 的量程,则读数为______V;若选 0~15 V 的量程,则读数为 ______V. 2.6 13 图 4-2-4 2.(2011 年河源)如图 4-2-5 所示的电路中,电源电压 恒定不变,当开关 S 闭合时( ) C 图 4-2-5 A.电压表示数变小,电流表示数变小,灯变暗 B.电压表示数变大,电流表示数变大,灯变亮 C.电压表示数不变,电流表示数不变,灯的亮度不变 D.电压表示数不变,电流表示数变小,灯变暗3.(2010 年深圳)在做某实验时,小明按图 4-2-6 连接 好电路,闭合电路后,发现无论怎样调节滑动变阻器,小灯泡 都不亮,电流表、电压表均无示数,下列对故障原因的猜测不 正确的是( ) 图 4-2-6 A.小灯泡处出现短路,电路其他地方完好 B.电流表处出现断路,电路其他地方完好 C.滑动变阻器出现断路,电路其他地方完好D.连接电源处出现断路,电路其他地方完好 解析:由题图可知,当电路中的电流表、滑动变阻器和连 接电源的地方,任何一处发生断路时,电路中就不会有电流, 灯泡两端无电压,灯泡不亮,可见 B、C、D 正确;当小灯泡出现短路时,小灯泡不亮,电压表无示数,但电流表有示数,因 此 A 错误. 【答案】A 4.(2010 年茂名)如图4-2-7 所示,甲是________表的 刻度盘,当指针如图所示时,读数是________,若把这个电表 接在图乙所示电路中使用,应接在________(填“a”或“b”)处. 图 4-2-7 电压 8.5 V b。

上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测试题

上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测试题

上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末质量抽测试题英语第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a reading room. B. At a bookstore.C. At a publishing house.D. In Prof. Jackson’s office.2. A. See a documentary. B. Watch television.C. Change the channel.D. Go to a movie.3. A. A size five and a half. B. A size six.C. A size seven.D. A size seven and a half.4. A. She can use his phone if she wants. B. There’s no charge for phone calls.C. His phone is out of order too.D. She can call him later.5. A. Amy didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B. Amy needs more training in making public speeches.C. The man didn’t think highly of Amy’s presentation.D The man can hardly understand Amy’s presentation.6. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man hasn’t been to Austin before.C. The man doesn’t like Austin.D. The man has been to Austin before.7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.8. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course.C. An evening course.D. Their work.9. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B. It was not as easy as she had expected.C. It was as difficult as she had expected.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.10. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice.C. She felt it took less time.D. She thought it was expensive.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Children who don’t like to go to school.B. Children who are slow in study.C. Children who watch too much television during the day.D. Children who spend part of each day alone.12. A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Lonely. D. Free.13. A. Latchkey children enjoy having such a large amount of time alone.B. Latchkey children try to hide their feelings.C. Most parents don’t know the impact on the children when they leave them alone.D. Latchkey children often watch TV with their parents.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.You can increase your happiness levels by attending the class.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we earn more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Paker are examples of those who are extremely rich butobviously unhappy.15. A. Always think highly of yourself.B. Compare yourself to famous persons.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account.16. A. Happiness is everything. B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.C. Have fun at the Happiness Institute.D. Money doesn’t always mean happiness. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.One possible reason for their being late: They might have got 17 in traffic. The transportation Terry and Susan might take: 18 .Their telephone number: It is 19 .Another possible reason for their being late: They might have forgotten about the 20 .Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What has the woman just finished? She has just finished 21 . Where is the new modern art exhibition held? In 22 .Which city will the art exhibition go to next week? 23 .What is next door to the modern art museum? A new 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The large grassland, reaching out far away, seems extremely beautiful ______ the blue andclean skyA. amongB. betweenC. againstD. in26. How old you grow is a factor that you can influence, ______that is determined by yourlifestyle.A. whatB. oneC. somethingD. anything27. The more things a man is interested in, ______.A. the more he will have opportunities of happinessB. the more opportunities of happiness he will haveC. the more opportunities of happiness will he haveD. much more opportunities of happiness he will have28. I advise you to stay away from Maria. Although she is usually easy-going, she ______ be quiteannoying sometimes.A. canB. needC. mustD. should29. A study of ancient writings and evidence ______ that for the past 5000 years, cats have beenkept as pets.A. showB. showsC. showedD. had showed30. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized31. The young couple are trying to save as much money as possible ______ they can afford theflat by the end of this year.A. so thatB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case32. ______ global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun,Mexico last year.A. PreventedB. PreventingC. Having preventedD. To prevent33. —Mum, why do you keep staring at me? Have I done anything wrong?—You look stupid! The way you are dressed is ______ annoys me most.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what34. After graduation, he went on to do some of the most important scientific research ever ______.A. being carried outB. carried outC. to be carried outD. was carried out35. In our daily life, we often come across occasion ______ we have to tell white lies to avoidhurting others.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where36. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but they ______ in the last five minutes.A. were beatingB. were beatenC. beatD. had been beaten37. I f things are left ______ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid.A. howB. asC. whereD. what38. It has been proved that ______ vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against seriousillness in later life.A. eatB. to be eatingC. eatenD. eating39. Was it in October, 2010, if I may ask, ______ the new Shanghai-Hangzhou Express Railwaywas put into use?A. whichB. whenC. thatD. how40. The most important thing we must consider before carrying out the plan is ______ it ispossible for us to carry it on.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. thatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. publicB. approachC. establishD. speechE. achieveF. structureG. communicateH. definiteI. programmingJ. equalAccording to the latest research in the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to 41 . Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University, has noticed the difference in the style of boy’s and girl’s conversations from an early age. She says that little girls’ conversation is less 42 than boys’ and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to 43 status with theirlisteners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In 44 conversations, men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in 45 amounts—although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for woman, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy(亲切感). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power 46 of a relationship.Teaching is one job where the differences between men’s and women’s ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing 47 and to encourage her student to join in.But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they 48 power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says, women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship.Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual tendency in its 49 , otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We all laugh. We all hurt. We all make mistakes. We all dream, that’s life. It’s a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy!50 positive through the cold season could be your best 51 against getting ill, new study findings suggest.In an experiment that 52 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a 53 sunny characteristic were less likely to 54 ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a ―positive emotional style‖ can help 55 the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness increasing immune(免疫的) function and subjective as in happy people being less 56 by a scratchy throat or runny nose. ―People with a positive emotional style may have different immune 57 to the virus,‖ explained the lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. ―And when they do get a cold, they may 58 their illness as being less severe.‖Cohen and his colleagues had found in a 59 study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional tendency itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality tendency, health-consciousness and emotional ―style‖. Those w ho 60 be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, 61 those who were often unhappy, tense and unfriendly had a negative style. The researchers gave them drops through their noses 62 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the 63 reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had, while the researchers collected 64 data, like daily mucus(黏液) production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes(鼻部的不适), happy people were less likely to develop a cold.50. A. Living B. Staying C. Pulling D. Surviving51. A. safeguard B.opportunity C. caution D. defense52. A. excluded B. explored C. exposed D. escaped53. A. generally B. commonly C. frequently D. perfectly54. A. change B. fall C. turn D. remain55. A. keep B. avoid C. deny D. remove56. A. suffered B. troubled C. disturbed D. hinted57. A. function B. ability C. response D. action58. A. think B. relate C. interpret D. translate59. A. formal B. current C. previous D. precious60. A. tended to B. opposed to C. used to D. stuck to61. A. while B. however C. what’s more D. therefore62. A. implying B. matching C. containing D. occupying63. A. patients B. adults C. volunteers D. researchers64. A. objective B. impressive C. positive D. effectiveSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I needed to buy a digital camera, one that was simply good at taking good snaps (快照), maybe occasionally for magazines. Being the cautious type, I fancied a reliable brand. So I went on the net, spent 15 minutes reading product reviews on good websites, wrote down the names of three top recommendations and headed for my nearest big friendly camera store. There in the cupboard was one of the cameras on my list. And it was on special offer. Oh joy! I pointed at it and asked an assistant, ―Can I have one of those?‖He looked perturbed (不安). ―Do you want to try it first?‖ he said. It didn’t quite sound like a question. ―Do I need to?‖ I replied, ―There is nothing wrong with it?‖ This made him look a bit insulted and I started to feel bad. ―No, no. But you should try it, ‖ he said encouragingly. ―Compare it with the others. ‖I looked across at the others: shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall, offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts, with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box. With so many models to choose from, it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y, always trying to take Z and possibly R into account at the same time. But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with: first, soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop, it would be worth half what I paid for it; and second, my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.But something in the human soul whispers that you can beat these traps by making the right choice, the clever choice, the wise choice. In the end, I agreed to try the model I had chosen. The assistant seemed a sincere man. So I let him take out of my chosen camera from cupboard, show how it took excellent pictures of my fellow shoppers and when he started to introduce the special features, I interrupted to ask whether I needed to buy a carry-case and a memory card as well.Why do we think that new options(选择) still offer us anything new? Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine.65. The shop assistant insisted that the writer should ________.A. try the camera to see if there was anything wrong with it.B. compare the camera he had chosen with the others.C. get more information about different companies.D. trust him and stop asking questions.66. What does the writer mean by ―it would be worth half what I paid for it ‖(paragraph 2)?A. He should get a 50% discount.B. The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C. The quality of the camera was not good.D. The camera would soon fall in value.67. The writer decided to try the model he had chosen because he ________.A. knew very little about itB. didn’t trust the shop assistantC. wanted to make sure the one he chose would be the bestD. had a special interest in taking pictures of his fellow shoppers68. It can be inferred from the passage that in the writer’s opinion, ________.A. people waste too much money on camerasB. cameras have become an important part of our daily lifeC. we don’t actually need so many choices when buying a productD. famous companies care more about profit than quality(B)Enjoy convenience, Premier service and a thank-you gift.With a busy life abroad, you have enough to think about without worrying about your offshore banking. That's why we've designed our products and services to be easy and convenient. Bank offshore with HSBC Premier and enjoy:◆24/7 phone access to a Relationship Management team.◆Internet Banking that provides access to your HSBC accounts in over 34 countries from a single log on and the ability to make transfers immediately, without charge and with a preferential rate.◆The ability to manage your money in a large range of emerging market currencies, use our global reach and knowledge of international business and get the best help and guidance.◆An International Wealth Management service to help you make the most of your money.◆The choice of either 12 months’ Airport Angel membership or an Amazon Kindle™ if you open a Premier account between 20 January 2011 and 30 April 2011 (inclusive) and deposit at least £60,000 (or an equal amount of money ) within 90 days of account opening. To qualify, refer to the full terms and conditions.To enjoy convenience, preferential rates and the expertise and security of the HSBC Group, why not open a premier account now?69. You can choose 12 months’ Airport Angel membership, if you________.A. deposit at least $60,000 within 90 days of account openingB. have qualified for the serviceC. deposit an equal amount of money within 90 daysD. open a Premier account on 30 April70. The advertisement is mainly aimed at________.A. people who want to do businessB. people who are over 34 years old and still singleC. people who have friends and relatives in foreign countriesD. people who have settled down abroad71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?A. You must know the detailed information before opening an account.B. To make the best of your money, you are sure to open a premier account.C. To enjoy the service, you must surf the Internet.D. It is certain that you can deal with your banking in 24 hours.(C)On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 s quare foot sector of the Central African Republic’s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the American Museum of Natural History’s new hall of biodiversity(生物多样性). When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the wor ld’s biggest and most accurate reproductions of one of nature’s most threatened creations.To bring the rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientists—the largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibit—spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. ―This area has been explored very little‖, says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds ofthousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have produced a special prize—scientists suspect they have uncovered several new species.To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous video screen, sounds will come out from hidden speakers, and plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer. Computer modeling programmes plotted distances and special relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life. Plaster trees were made.Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall.Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forest, one of the exhibit’s cleverest recreations will seem real. Lo ng tube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balance remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The exhibit is proo f to the hope that the world’s rainforests will never exist solely as a carefully preserved artifact.72. How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?A. It sent a large team of scientists there.B. It cooperated with many African scientists.C. It hired local people to collect mammals, etc.D. It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes.73. To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are used EXCEPT that _______.A. hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest soundB. a huge video screen is put up on the back wallC. special equipment is employed to produce forest smellsD. the forest is surrounded by front and back walls74. What is the main theme of the last paragraph?A. The layout of the rainforest exhibition.B. The balance between animals and plants.C. The clever design of lighting.D. Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.75. What is this passage mainly about?A. The history of the American Museum of Natural History.B. The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.C. Visitors’ interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum.D. Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.The microwave’s convenience in heating foodB.Microwave being a wonderC.The microwave’s advantage over other cookersD.What a microwave can cookE.The microwave being economicF.How a microwave saves time76.and starving. I had been through a very tiring day, and all I wanted to do was eat. I opened therefrigerator door and searched for something eatable. Luckily, I chanced to find a piece of leftover pizza from the night before. I put it onto a plate and popped it into my microwave oven. Presto! In less than two minutes, my pizza slice was ready for me to bite into. This modern-day invention, the microwave oven, should be cons idered one of the ―wonders of the world‖because it is unbeatable as a food, money, and time saver.77.As a food saver, a microwave oven is definitelyhard to beat. Almost any kind of leftover can be reheated in this type of oven, and used properly there is no worry of the food drying out. For example, spaghetti is a mess to try to reheat on top of the stove. It dries out terribly and will stick to the bottom and sides of a saucepan. The spaghetti will also scorch(烧焦) easily if one is not careful. But with a microwave oven, this is a different story with a happier ending. The spaghetti will remain saucy, will not stick, and will not scorch.The Italian food will be as good as it was the first time around.78.Another ―wonder‖about the microwave oven is the money that it saves. Leftovers that would normally be thrown out can be saved and reheated. This saves food; thus, it saves money. Also, these ovens are faster; therefore, they are electricity. In these days that can be a blessing. 79.Best of all, however, is the time thata microwave oven can save. As a general rule, microwave cooking takes one-third the time that a conventional oven does. Imagine what a delight this would be after a tiring day at work, school, or, better yet, shopping! For instance, to bake a medium-sized potato takes only eight to ten minutes in a microwave oven. So in the time it would take to fry up a hamburger, one could have a hot baked potato to go with it. In addition to speedy cooking, a microwave is wonderful for defrosting (解冻) meat. On low power this oven can defrost any kind of meat in less than fifteen minutes. This is a real lifesaver when company drops in right at dinnertime.80.Indeed, microwave ovens should be considered one of the modern wonders of the world. I know that it was a wonder for me last Tuesday. That slice of day-old pizza made me feel like a new man!Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the ―pleasure center‖ of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.―They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,‖ says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the braincontribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.82. According to the scientists, the reason why rats wanted to eat more and more junk food wasthat ___________________.83. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?84. What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?第Ⅱ卷(共45分)Ⅰ. Translation(20分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.我们最好天天锻炼身体。

上海市黄浦区2012届高三期末考试(一模)语文试卷

上海市黄浦区2012届高三期末考试(一模)语文试卷

* * * * * * * * * 角平分线 从一个角的顶点引出的一条射线,把这个角分成两个相等的角。

这条射线叫做这个角的平分线。

O B C A 如图,记作 ∠AOC=∠BOC=∠AOB. 怎样才能得到一个角的平分线? 用量角器或折纸的办法 任意剪一张三角形纸片ABC,把内角∠ BAC对折一次,使AB与AC重合,得到一条折痕AD。

把三角形纸片展开、铺平。

你发现了什么? 在三角形中,一个内角的角平分线与它的对边相交,这个角的顶点与交点之间的线段叫做三角形的角平分线。

A B C D 如图,∠BAC的平分线交BC于D,线段AD就是ABC的一条角平分线。

1.三角形的角平分线 是指从一个角的顶点引出的一条射线, 把这个角分成两个相等的角。

∴∠AOC=∠BOC=∠AOB O B A C 角平分线: ∵OC是∠AOB的角平分线 三角形的角平分线: 在三角形中,一个内角的角平分线与它的对边相交, 这个角的顶点与交点之间的线段 B A C D 1 2 ∵AD是 △ ABC的 角平分线 ∠1=∠2=∠BAC 1 2 三角形的角平分线与角的平分线有什么区别与联系? 角平分线是一条射线 三角形的角平分线是一条线段 它们都把一个角平分成两个相等的角 O B A C B A C D 1 2 三角形的角平分线的性质 三角形的三条角平分线交于同一点. 任意画一个三角形,然后利用量角器,画出这个三角形的三条角平分线,你发现了什么?(请与你的同伴交流) 例1:如图,AE是在△ABC的角平分线。

已知∠B=45°,∠C=60°,求下列角的大小: (1)∠BAE (2)∠AEB 如图,AF是ΔABC的角平分线,选择“>”“<”或“=”号填空: F E C B A (1)∠CAF___∠BAC 1 2 (2)∠AFB___∠C+∠FAB (3)∠AEC___∠B==> 变:若AB⊥AC,∠C=60°, 求∠FAB,∠AFC的度数。

上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末考试 语文试卷

上海市奉贤区2012届高三上学期期末考试 语文试卷

阙( ) 叠嶂 ( ) 襄( )陵 沿溯( ) 曦( ) 素湍( ) 绝()长啸( ) 属( ) 引 哀转( ) 为加横线的字正音 què zhàng xiāng sù xī tuān y?nxiào zh? zhu?n 自三峡七百里中,两岸山,略无阙处.重岩叠嶂,隐天蔽日,自非亭午夜分不见曦月。

至于夏水襄陵,沿溯阻绝。

或王命急宣,有时朝发白帝,暮到江陵,其间千 二百里,虽乘奔御风,不以疾也。

春冬之时,则素湍绿潭,回清倒影。

绝岩多生怪柏,悬泉瀑布,飞漱其间。

清荣峻茂,良多趣味。

每至晴初霜旦,林寒涧肃,常有高猿长,属引凄异,空谷传响,哀转久绝。

故渔者歌曰:“巴东三峡巫峡长,猿鸣三声泪沾裳。

”——选自《水经注疏》 自三峡七百里中, 略无阙处; 两岸连山, 重岩叠嶂,隐天蔽日, 自非亭午夜分不见 曦月。

至于夏水襄陵,沿溯阻绝。

有时朝发白帝, 或王命急宣, 暮到江陵, 虽乘奔御风 不以疾也。

春冬之时,则素湍绿潭, 回清倒影。

绝多生怪柏, 悬泉瀑布, 飞漱其间。

清荣峻茂, 良多趣味。

每至晴初霜旦, 林寒涧肃, 常有高猿长啸, 属引凄异, 空谷传响, 哀转久绝。

故渔者歌曰:“巴东三峡巫峡长,猿鸣三声泪沾裳!” 课堂训练: 解释黑色的字 1 略无阙处。

2 自山峡七百里中。

3 自非亭午夜分不见曦月。

4 绝多生怪柏。

5 飞漱其间。

6 沿溯阻绝。

同“缺”。

中断 从,由 如果 山峰。

冲刷 逆流而上。

2012届一模答案

2012届一模答案

奉贤区2011学年第一学期高三期末调研测试参考答案一、(17分)1、变种,衍化(意思对即可)(2分)答“缩小”得1分2、B(3分)3、先言“芝兰”、“松柏”,再说“君子性”和“古人心”,前后对应形成比喻(2分),表现了门联拥有者对高雅坚韧品性的推崇和向往(1分)。

(3分)4、词语和词义对仗工整,体现着主人的文化。

一语双关,道出主人的职业特点。

(2分)5、开头提及族徽意在表明门联与族徽一样是建筑醒目的标志,是一种别致的文化;结尾提及族徽一是进一步强调门联是历史文化的见证,一是暗示门联和族徽在今天的命运迥然不同,表明作者对此的痛心。

首尾呼应,使文章结构严谨。

(4分)6、在形式上都是独句成段,凸显作者的情感。

不同之处在于《北京的门联》的结尾表达的是作者对传统文化日渐消失的惋惜,《胡同文化》的结尾则表现出作者对胡同文化走向衰亡的理性认识。

(3分)二、(21分)7、雕像外表精美,数量众多(缺少灵魂)。

与后文外表质朴却深深地镌刻在了我心中的老妇人的形象形成鲜明的对比。

(3分)8、A、C(6分)9、生动形象地表现出宗教对饱经苦难的人们的心灵的抚慰作用,营造出一种神圣、虔诚的情感氛围。

(3分)10、①列宾是善于描绘底层人苦难的伟大画家。

②这幅画表现的是人性中隐忍、慈悲、虔诚的光辉。

(2分)11、引用但丁的诗句①为了引出下文,说明扫烛油的老妇人安然劳作,或许是看到了另一种永恒的光明;②烘托突出老妇人虔诚圣洁的形象特点;③增添了教堂里圣洁的气氛,也增添了文章的厚重感;④引用诗句,提升了文章的文化内涵,营造了神圣的氛围,升华了文章的主题。

(一点1分,两点3分,共3分)12、(1)标题中的“低头”是个具体的动作,老妇人打扫着烛油的时候是低着头的,作者也是在“低下头来的一瞬”看到老妇人的;(2)“低头”是一种感悟,人间的温暖并不是来自对神的祈祷,而来自于对社会底层默默无闻的劳动者的理解和尊重。

暗示出作者将笔触伸向最底层的人群,寄托了作者对人世间真善美的思考。

2012年高考上海卷语文试题及答案

2012年高考上海卷语文试题及答案

一、试题上海语文试卷考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

4.考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一阅读80分(一)阅读下文,完成第1-6题。

(16分)应该认真对待文献综述熊易寒①在很长一段时间里,国内学术界都不太重视文献综述。

近年来随着学术规范的逐步建立,这种情况有所转变,不过大多数综述都是罗列式的,报幕似的把相关研究一个一个列出来,丝毫感觉不到这些文献之间存在任何内在的关联,甚至也感觉不到这些文献与作者本人的研究有何相干。

这样的综述机械、突兀,有生拼硬凑之嫌,称之为“伪综述”亦不为过。

有比较翔实的文献综述;二、专门的文献综述性文章关著作的征引我们思考。

③为什么必须有文献综迷?一篇优秀的文献综述其实就是一幅学术谱系图。

写文献综述不仅是为了陈述以往的相关研究,也不仅仅是为了表示对前辈、同行或知识产权的尊重,更是为了“认祖归宗”,对自己的研究进行定位。

有时候只有把一篇文献放到学术史的脉络中去,放到学术传统中去,我们才能真正理解这个文本:作者为什么要做这项研究?他的问题是什么?他试图与谁对话?我们在开始一项研究时也同样要有问题意识和对话意识,不能自说自话。

对话的前提自然是倾听,如果连别人说了什么都不知道,如何进行对话?正是在倾听..的过程中,我们发现了“问题”,才需要与对方进行讨论,否则便无话可说。

通过综述的写作,我们就会知道:别人贡献了什么?我打算或者能够贡献什么?我是否在重复劳动?从这个意义上讲,撰写文献综述首先是为了尊重并真正进入一个学术传统,其次才是利他主义功能——为他人提供文献检索的路线图。

④为什么专门的文献综述性文章多由大家执笔?这类文献综述看似简单,其实是一项高难度的工作。

上海市各区高三一模语文试卷答案(四)

上海市各区高三一模语文试卷答案(四)

上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(四)浦东新区2012学年度第一学期期末高三语文检测试卷参考答案一阅读 80分(一)(16分)1.国人普遍存在的重人伦(1分)、轻真理(科学)的心态(1分)。

2.D(2分)3.呼应第①段,批评国人把科学看成“器者”、“术者”、“艺者”;引出第⑥段批评国人把科学等同于现代技术、设备、生产线。

(第⑤段中所谓“太低、太粗”实际上对应的是第①段“在国人眼中,科学乃器者、术者、艺者”;所谓“太呆、太窄”主要对应的是第⑥段中“我们接受现代技术、设备、生产线,却没有来得及在我们的文化中,适时接受乃至培育出科学精神”)(答对1点得2分,答对2点得3分)4.只有人们不再功利地关注技术的成果和效用时,我们这个时代才会真正拥有科学精神。

或者:只有人们不再功利地关注技术的成果和效用时,科学才会真正走进我们这个时代。

(2分)5.B(3分)6.社会制度(或“民主制度”、“社会体制”,答“最佳拍档”不得分)的发展没有给科学精神提供良好的条件;我们的文化没有适时地接受和培育出科学精神;功利性的目的使人们更多地关注技术从而背离了科学精神的真正意义。

(答对1点得1分,答对2点得3分,答对3点得4分。

)(二)(21分)7.常州没有精彩的、迷人的历史文化(或:常州没有被历史称为“吴”的故事与精彩)。

(2分)8.形象生动地写出了淹城对春秋文化的完整封存(或保留、保存、珍藏)和不受世俗干扰的沉静与坚守。

(2分)9.此句在第⑥段意在强调淹城“小”而有魅力(虽小如“逗号”,但有着还原历史价值的奇特魅力)(1分)。

在第○11段则强调淹城形态的“逗号”负载着的“活法文化”,令人沉思与回味(1分)。

两句在文中反复使用,推进文意,逐层揭示出淹城的历史文化内涵。

(1分)10.《桃花源记》虚构了陶渊明的理想的生活图景,(1分)淹城的先人使之变成了现实,(1分)并且因地制宜,创造出“三城三河”的城堡模式。

(1分)人们安全地、平静地、自由自在地生活着,孕育出独特的活法文化,(1分)。

2012——2013学年度高三上学期末语文试题答案

2012——2013学年度高三上学期末语文试题答案

2012——2013学年度高三上学期期末测试语文试题答案一、1、D(A.高丽.(lí)发横.(hèng)财 B、晕.(yùn)车 C.珐.(fà)琅)2. B (A. 亲和力洋洋洒洒攻城略地 C. 赋予分庭抗礼 D、奉为圭臬)3、D(D长袖善舞:多用来形容有财有势、有手腕的人善于钻营取巧。

A项,从长计议:放宽时间慢慢商量考虑,指不急于作决定,也指慢慢设法解决。

应改为“从长远考虑”。

B项,吉光片羽:比喻残存的珍贵的文物。

C项,不绝如缕:形容局面危急或者声音、气息等低沉微弱、时断时续。

)4.C (A、第二个“?”改为“,” B、“两高一资” (高污染、高能耗、资源消耗型) 行业D、以“回到……”为题)5.B(A赘余,去掉“因为”;C表意不明,“这”指代不明,造成歧义;D搭配不当,把“加强”改为“扩大”。

)二、6.B(B项中的“莫言获奖缓解了当代中国作家的认同性焦虑……”说法与文章表述“在一定程度上……”不符合。

)7.C(C项中的“莫言获奖证明了……”的说法不符合原文,原文“文学要关心、关怀当下中国人的生活方式的文学作品……应该具有普世的价值”,并非是莫言获奖证明了这句话。

)8.D(D项中的“文学必将不会走入读者的内心世界”表述过于绝对,原文是“导致文学难以走入……”)三、A(特,只,仅仅)9.C(均表示承接。

A项因为,以致;B项趁着,通过;D项原来是,表转折)11. A (③是宋太祖劝解兵权的委婉之词⑥是说赵普善用《论语》治政)12. A(错在“经过功臣的家门但不进去”,应为“探访功臣的家,不可预测”。

)13..(1)陛下认为天下狭小吗?向南北(方向)征讨,现在正是时候。

(2)(石、王等)都拜了两拜说:“陛下顾念我们到这种程度,这就是所说的使死人复生、使白骨长肉啊。

”(3)刑法是用来惩治罪恶的,赏赐是用来酬谢有功之人的,这是古往今来共同的道理。

14.(1)比喻、夸张、想象。

2012学年奉献一模卷及参考答案

2012学年奉献一模卷及参考答案

2012学年第一学期奉贤区高三生命科学期末调研试卷本卷分为Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷选择题与简答题两部分,全卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

答题前,考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号。

答案必须全部写在答题纸上,写在试卷上一律不给分。

第Ⅰ卷 (共60分)一、选择题:(每小题2分,共60分,每题只有一个正确答案)1.“胜日寻芳泗水滨,无边光景一时新。

等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春。

”宋朝诗人朱熹在这里给我们描绘了一幅绚丽的春景图。

由此我们仿佛看到,春天的原野东风和煦,杨柳依依,鲜花盛开,蝴蝶飞舞……。

当你陶醉于这美丽盛景时,是否想过,蝴蝶将一株油菜的花粉带到另一株油菜花的柱头上后,既可发生花粉萌发、花粉管伸长、释放精子、精卵融合等一系列生理反应;若将一株油菜的花粉带到一朵桃花的柱头上则不会发生这一系列反应。

该现象能很好地说明细胞膜( )A.主要由脂质和蛋白质组成B.可将细胞与外界环境分隔开C.控制物质出入细胞的作用是相对的D.进行细胞间的信息交流2.下列属于动物获取化学信息的感受器是( )A.雄蛾的触角 B.人的前庭器 C.响尾蛇的颊窝 D.鱼类的侧线器官3.用小肠液(含多种消化酶)处理果蝇三龄幼虫的唾液腺巨大染色体,可得到连续的极细长的纤丝,此纤丝可能是( )A.多肽链B.染色质丝C.染色单体D. DNA分子4. 层粘连蛋白是由一条重链(A链)和两条轻链(B1、B2链)构成的高分子糖蛋白,作为细胞结构成分,含有多个结合位点并对保持细胞间粘连有作用,层粘连蛋白结构示意图如下,若该蛋白由m个氨基酸构成,下列有关说法不正..确.的是( )A.该层粘连蛋白含有肽键数至少为m-3B.该蛋白在细胞识别中具有重要作用C.该蛋白的合成需要DNA、RNA、RNA聚合酶等物质的参与D.该物质的生成只需核糖体即可完成5.下列关于病毒的叙述,正确的是( )A.HIV病毒内有4种核苷酸 B.流感病毒的核酸位于衣壳外面的包膜上C.病毒可在经高温灭菌的培养基上生长增殖 D.烟草花叶病毒可以不依赖宿主细胞而增殖6.下列属于多基因遗传病的是( )①精神分裂症②唇裂③哮喘④消化性溃疡⑤睾丸发育不全症⑥无脑儿⑦21三体综合征⑧抗维生素D佝偻病A. ①②③④⑥B.④⑤⑥⑦⑧C. ①②⑥⑦D.③⑤⑥7.某生物兴趣小组抽样调查的500人中,各种基因型和人数情况如下表所示,则这500人中,X b( )A.5.2%B.6%C.7.5%D.20%8.如图实验,甲、乙、丙切去顶芽,丁顶芽不切除。

上海市松江区2012届高三上学期期末(1月)考试语文试题

上海市松江区2012届高三上学期期末(1月)考试语文试题

松江区2011学年第一学期级期考试(满分150分,完卷时间10分钟)2012.1 考生注意: 1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。

3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

一、阅读 80分 (一)阅读下文,完成第1题(1分) )(3分) A.中堂书写内容均与治家理财、保佑平安息息相关。

B.工业化、城市化和现代化是中堂远去的主要根源。

C.现代居室有中堂书架等,就可能有精神徜徉的空间。

D.“正大中和”中堂展创作理念和笔墨技法非常传统。

5.联系上下文,填入第⑧段空格处最恰当的一项是…………………………( )(3分) A.如果那么关于B.即使也至于 C.虽然但是对于D.只有fú)”。

他以为秦始皇采长生不老药为名,带三千童男童女东渡日本。

关于他的传说遍布城乡,《史记》上也有明确记载。

搜集这些资料,考察古人行迹,成了我和朋友的大事,以至于兴味盎然十余年。

我们想找一个徐芾出生地,找了个叫“徐家庄”的小村;想找一套完整的徐氏家谱,结果发现一卷又一卷。

徐芾传说、研究文论,搞起了几百万字。

我们走近了徐芾,就是从粗枝大叶的历史观中走出。

我们真的受益不浅。

什么时候接近过如此多的隐秘?什么时候抓起了这么多的“民俗”?什么时候又沉浸于这般深的史海?我们在小城荒郊挖掘、考古、鹦鹉学舌,直到皱纹爬上脸颊。

⑨后来我们参与盖了一座徐芾祠,塑了一尊高大的徐芾石像。

动手的艺术家都是海内一流人物,而且个个敬仰徐芾。

⑩我的一个朋友从遥遥西部来到小城定居,极善诗文。

他写了许多“徐芾诗”。

深夜郊外听他吟诗不息,必有激动生出。

而且我耳听弦外,听到了另一种鸣响。

⑾朋友中有个诗人,这在物欲大盛之年当是幸事。

多少次不记得了,在风雨之中,在乐观赶走悲观的时刻,我的朋友高声吟哦。

2012届上海市松江区高三上学期期末考试语文试卷

2012届上海市松江区高三上学期期末考试语文试卷
③来自几所大学的毕业生回到小城,兴致勃勃又难免沮丧。我们结成挚友。工作之余去郊外,一口气走上十几华里,天天如此。即 便是大雨雪也不例外。有好几次在阴天走出,半路又被突降的暴雨赶回,浑身透湿,风雨掩去了呼叫。那个时刻,灰暗的水雾,起着水 泡的田野,打得歪斜的稼禾,还有凄唱的树木,都让人心动。这是何地?呼啸的世界为何如此寂寥?神秘的力量左右了四周,在它面 前,世俗退让得无影无踪了……
……于是项伯复夜去,至军中,具以沛公言报项王,因言曰:“沛公不先破关中,公岂敢入乎?今人有大功而击之,不义也。不如因 善遇之。”项王许诺。
沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王,至鸿门,谢曰:“臣与将军戮力而攻秦,将军战河北,臣战河南,然不自意能先入关破秦,得复见将军 于此。今者有小人之言,令将军与臣有郤……”项王曰:“此沛公左司马曹无伤言之。不然,籍何以至此?”项王即日因留沛公与饮。……
难度:0.94 组卷:310 题型:句子默写 更新:2017/3/3来自相似题 纠错 收藏 详情
阅读下面的诗歌,完成小题。 饮酒(其四) 陶渊明
栖栖失群鸟,日暮犹独飞。徘徊无定止,夜夜声转悲。厉响思清远,去来何依依。 因值孤生松,敛翮①遥来归。劲风无荣木,此荫独不衰。托身已得所,千载不相违。 (注)①翮:鸟的翅膀。 14 . 陶渊明, (朝代)著名诗人,世称靖节先生。 15 . 对诗歌理解和分析不准确的一项是( ) A.叠词“栖栖”“夜夜”“依依”写出离群之鸟日夜无所归依的恓惶。 B.前六句写鸟的失意与后六句写鸟遇到松树的境况构成鲜明的对照。 C.“值”通“植”,写诗人心生怜悯,手植松树让离群之鸟来此栖息。 D.离群之鸟将临风不凋的松树作为托身之地,愿与之相守,不再分离。 16 . 《归去来兮辞》中有写“鸟”和“松”的句子:“云无心以出岫,鸟倦飞而知返。景翳翳以将入,抚孤松而盘桓。”试分析其在写法上与本 诗的主要区别。

2012届高三上学期期末检测语文试题及答案

2012届高三上学期期末检测语文试题及答案

高三语文试题Ⅰ卷(24分)一、选择题(每题2分,共24分)1..下列词语中加点的字,读音全部正确的一组是(......................).A..吉祥(.....xū..)....).长吁短叹(...l.i.ng..).狡黠(....jí..).棱角(...xiáB..浸润(.....jiã...).残碑断碣(...)....).蓦然(....jìn...mî..).腈纶(...q.íngC..喟叹(....).呱呱坠地(.....guā...guàn...)....).愤慨(....kuì...kǎi...).盥洗(D..阻挠(.....jiá...)....kǎ..).戛然而止(...wā..).咯血(...).女娲(....náo2.下列词语中没有..错别字的一组是()A. 坐落松弛协赛曲融会贯通B. 扫描诙谐天然气振耳欲聋C. 博弈巨挚殊不知毋容置疑D. 竞标临摹吓马威门庭若市3.下列语段横线上填入的词语,最恰当的一组是作为“梅兰竹菊”四君子之首,梅为历代文人雅士所。

此刻,寺院周围庄承的红墙,是我们镜头画面中的中国红;的雪花,是飘舞在空中的精灵;而晶莹如黄玉般的腊梅,暗香,遗世独立的佳人。

A.钟爱洋洋洒洒浮动好像B.喜爱纷纷扬扬浮动犹如C.钟爱纷纷扬扬飘动好像D.喜爱洋洋洒洒飘动犹如4. 下列各句中没有..语病且句意明确的一句是()A.旺盛的国内需求正在成为跨国巨头获取暴利的重要市场,尤其是针对中国的石油、铁矿石以及基础能源等方面表现得异常突出。

B.时光的流逝不能让我淡忘对故乡浓浓的思念,反之,随着年龄的增长,对故乡的思念愈发日久弥坚。

C.说起饺子,每一个中国人都不感到陌生,中国的饺子对外国人也充满了难以抗拒的诱惑。

D.因为有了幽默感,他们更善于与其他人沟通,即便表达了反对意见,别人也不会反感。

上海市奉贤区高一上学期期末考试语文试题 无答案

上海市奉贤区高一上学期期末考试语文试题 无答案

2012学年奉贤高一期末语文试卷2013.1.16一、阅读下文,完成1—5题(12分)评弹在上海的落户和_______①评弹在进入上海之前,主要演出在江南城镇和乡下茶馆书场,艺人们拜师学唱,背行囊,走官塘,闯江湖,在前期相当长的一段时期里,往往以演长篇的“评话”形式出演。

艺人上一码头,听客早已准备入座,一个长篇一天一回或数回连续说完,就“剪书”回程。

所以俗曰“说书”。

另有一种“弹词”,以弹唱为主。

二者结合,便称“评弹”。

②1843年上海开埠以后,文化环境极为开放,大量苏州地区的文人来到上海租界办报创刊,卖文为生,在一个繁荣商业社会里很快形成了多元博采的商业文化。

苏州评弹艺人纷纷闯入上海,沪上顿时书场密布。

加上太平军之乱使苏州和江南商人平民大批迁往上海租界避难,上海一时江浙移民大增,上海城内本地居民也热衷苏州文化,评弹便在上海遍地开花。

据1910年《申报》记载:上海的书场业有一个疯狂发展时期,三、四马路、大兴街附近一带以及南市城隍庙等处,简直是五步一家,十步一处,到处悬挂着书场灯笼与招牌。

同时,苏滩、申曲、绍兴戏……纷纷拥入上海,以至当时的京戏和昆曲,也必须在上海滩上唱红才算名角。

到了20世纪二三十年代,上海海派文艺已趋十分强盛。

评弹名家都聚集在上海竞相献艺,吴侬软语的声韵深深打动了听客的心。

至此,不能到上海来站稳脚跟的响档,就不能称响档了。

③这时候的上海各种戏曲的演出环境也在不断变化,逐步走向融入西方元素的近代化。

上海书场可以男女平坐书场听书,正当苏州地区还在大禁男女同台演唱之时,上海破例成立了男女同演的评弹社团。

男女双档的演出丰富了评弹的表演力,使刚柔相济的评弹更加受到市民欢迎。

上海租界的宽容和自由,加速了评弹中心向上海转移。

互相的平等而激烈竞争也快速地优胜劣汰,评弹的演唱水平得到快速提高,这自然使得在上海说书的评弹艺人成为业界精英。

④上海的文化娱乐场所也在中西融合的背景下不断创新。

一批新型专业书场在三十年代中叶涌现了,顺从听客的需要,原来的每场一挡书变成每场三、四档书,还注重内容长短文武悲喜的搭配,并且舞台也进行了革新,加入了灯光、音响等现代化设备。

上海市金山区2012届高三语文上学期期末考试试题(无答案)沪教版

上海市金山区2012届高三语文上学期期末考试试题(无答案)沪教版

上海市金山区2012届高三上学期期末考试试题语文一阅读80分(一)阅读下文,完成1-7题。

(19分)①乔布斯在他的巅峰时刻....离去,让人叹惋生命之无常。

56岁在今天这个普遍寿命延长的年代,实在不能算是高寿,但这个人的生命却改变了我们周边许多人的兴趣和感受,他的执着和创造力更改变了人们对于世界的许多看法和想象。

②人是需要有些运气的。

虽然乔布斯英年早逝,但他毕竟等到了自己的时刻,他和苹果已经达到了追求的最高点,到处都是的ipad和iphone无不证明着这个人的成功。

正如北大教授张颐武说:“如果乔布斯在他被合作伙伴赶出去,面临困境的时候故去,那也就是让人惋惜的走错了路的创业者的失败故事的又一章而已。

他会被评说为自己的顽固和执拗的牺牲品;被看成一个走偏了路,浪费了自己的聪明才智的坏孩子。

他的竞争对手们也会仍然一家独大,把他的创造性理解为一种非主流的、小众的偏执的结果。

然而今天的乔布斯却是在无限的荣耀之中故去的,他的顽固和执拗统统成了这种荣耀的不可或缺的点缀。

”③人们总是“后知后觉”的。

你承诺但做不出来的,人们不会信;你真的成功了,他们会说你从来就是天才。

阿里巴巴的创始人马云,在他成功之前,所承受的“骗子”的骂名和非议,堪称业界所有人加起来的总和。

如果不是因为成功,无论他怎样的努力和诚意,都改变不了人们顽固的成见。

走向成功的路上不会有鲜花掌声,有的只是怀疑,你的信念因为打击而承受磨砺。

在上世纪八十年代中后期直到九十年代的那些岁月里,许多评论者都会说乔布斯无论如何是打不过微软的系统的。

但今天,过去的一切被视为缺陷的都会被看成伟大的一部分。

他的箴言被传颂,他的行动被模仿。

人们都说,乔布斯的出生注定改变世界。

然而当年大家不会这样,虽然今天都会说早就明白。

创业路上,没有一个成功者能够外在处于这样的人群与环境。

④乔布斯的去世当然让人遗憾和痛心,但他毕竟主宰了今天我们的时代的一个重要的方面。

他可以说终于等到了他的时代的来临。

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2011学年奉贤区调研测试高三年级语文试卷(2011.12)(完卷时间150分钟,满分150分)本卷命题人员:吴强徐琼庄骏孙赤婴一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1—6题(17分)①我一直以为,门联最见老北京的特色。

这种特色,成为了北京的一种别致的文化。

国外的城市里,即便有古老宏伟的建筑,建筑有沧桑浑厚的门庭,但它们没有门联。

就像它们的门庭内外有可以彰显它们荣耀的族徽一样,北京的门联,就是族徽一般醒目而别具风格。

有据可考,北京最早的门联出现在元代之初,元世祖忽必烈请大书法家赵孟頫写了这样一副门联:日月光天德,山河壮帝居。

当然,这样的帝王门联,是悬挂在元大都的城门之上的。

我这里所说的门联,是指一般人们居住的院子大门上的那种。

但我相信彼此只有地位的不同,其形态与意义,是相似的,也可以说,是一脉相承的。

北京院落大门之上的门联,是忽必烈门联的□□而已,就像皇家园林变成了四合院里的盆景。

②说起北京的门联能够兴起,和老北京城的建筑格局有关。

老北京的建筑格局是有自己的一套整体规划的。

从紫禁城到左祖右社、四城九门,一直辐射到密如蛛网的街道胡同,再到胡同里的大宅门四合院,再到四合院的门楼影壁屏门庭院走廊,一直到栽种的花草树木,都是非常讲究的,是配套一体的。

而作为老北京最具有代表性特征的四合院,大门是给人的第一印象,就像给人看的一张脸,所以叫做门脸儿,自然格外重视。

老北京四合院大门,皇帝在时,是不允许涂红色,都是漆成黑色的,只有到了民国之后,大门才有了红色。

所以,现在如果看到那种古旧破损的黑漆大门,年头是足够老的了,而那种鲜亮的红漆大门,大多是后起的暴发户。

③老北京四合院的大门,一般都是双开门,这不仅是为了大门的宽敞,而是讲究中国传统的对称,这就为门联的出现和普及提供了方便,门联便也就成为了大门的一种独特的组成部分。

这种最讲究词语和词义对仗的门联,和左右开关的对称大门,正好剑鞘相配,一拍即合。

在老北京,这样的四合院大门上,正如西洋人穿西装一定要戴领带一样,是不能没有门联的,门联内容与书写水平的高低,体现着主人的文化,哪怕是为了附庸风雅呢,也得请高手来为自己增点儿门面——你看,提到了这个门面的词儿,北京人,一贯是把门和脸放在一起等同看待的。

④在门联中,一般人家或着意家庭,“河内家声远,山阴世泽长”;或期冀水光山色,朋友众多,陶冶性情——“林花经雨香犹在,芳草留人意自闲”;但更多的还是讲究传统的道德情操——“门前清且吉,家道泰而康”,讲的是做人清白;“芝兰君子性,松柏古人心”,讲的是心地品性。

前者直截了当,后者比兴抒怀。

⑤将门联作为自己的名片,让人一眼看到就知道院子主人是干什么的,也是北京门联的一个特点,一种功能。

比如卖酒的:杜康造酒,太白遗风;看病的:杏林春暖,橘井泉香;洗澡的:金鸡未唱汤先热,玉板轻敲客远来;剃头的:虽为微末生意,却是顶上功夫……能够将门联既作得有学问,又能够一语双关,道出自身的职业特点的,是这类门联的上乘,也是更为常见的。

“义气相投裘臻狐腋,声名可创衣赞羔羊”,一看就是经营皮货买卖的,是户叫义盛号的皮货商。

“恒足有道木似水,立市泽长松如海”,一看就是经营木材生意的,而且将自己的商号含在门联的前一个字中,叫恒立。

能够让人驻足多看两眼,门联就是他们的漂亮而别致的名片。

⑥遗憾的是,我所看到的,仅仅是老北京门联的一小部分了,不知还有多少精彩的,已经和我们失之交臂。

仅就我听说的,原广渠门袁崇焕故居就有:自坏长城慨古今,永留毅魄壮山河。

大外廊营京剧名宿谭鑫培英秀堂老宅有:英杰腰间三尺剑,秀士腹内五车书。

烂漫胡同东莞会馆有:奥峤显辰钟故里,蓟门风雨引灵旗。

海柏胡同朱彝尊故居的古藤书屋有:一庭芳草围新绿,十亩藤花落古香。

粉房琉璃街的新会会馆有:新诗日下推新彦,会客花间话早朝……当然,再往前数,在曾朴的《孽海花》里,还记录着保安寺街曾经有过的一副有名的门联:保安寺街藏书十万卷,户部员外补阙一千年。

此门联民国时还在,曾经让朱自清先生流连颇久。

自然,那都是前尘往事,显得离我那样的遥远了。

⑦有一阵子,我迷上了门联,胡同串子似的到处乱串,像寻宝一样地寻觅门联。

因为我心里隐隐地感觉,这样的门联,也许快要成为“夏季里最后一朵玫瑰”了。

真的,在越来越多的四合院和胡同的拆迁下,在越来越多的高楼挤压下,我觉得这样的门联快看不见了,或者说要看以后得去博物馆看了。

在唯新是举的城市建设思维模式下,大片的老街巷被地产商所蚕食,拔地而起的高楼大厦,似乎要比四合院更有价值,却不知道没有四合院的依托,北京城还是北京城吗?没有了四合院,那些存活了近百年的门联,上哪儿去看呢?那些同欧洲房子前的雕塑和族徽一样,是北京自己身份的证明呀。

我们就像狗熊掰棒子,为了伸手摘取自以为是的东西,轻而易举地丢弃了最可宝贵的东西。

⑧老北京的门联啊!——肖复兴《北京的门联》有删改1.第①段方格应填入的词语是: □□(2分)2.下列说法不符合...文意的一项是()(3分)A.北京门联历史悠久,四合院的门联与忽必烈元大都的门联一脉相承,其形式相似且有所寄寓。

B.老北京的建筑格局有自己的一套整体规划,任何东西都是非常讲究的,是配套一体的,北京人设计家园时就已经把门联的形式和内容考虑进去了,门联是北京城一整套建筑体系的有机组成部分。

C.老北京的门联文质兼美,不仅文化底蕴深厚,而且创作手法灵活多样,风格各异,雅俗兼备。

D.北京城如果没有了四合院,门联也会随之消失,它所承载的北京城的文化标志与文化特色也将不复存在。

3.第④段“比兴抒怀”在文中的含义是:_________________________________。

(3分)4.结合文意,分析第⑥段“英杰腰间三尺剑,秀士腹内五车书”一联的精彩之处。

(2分)5.文章首尾都提到欧洲建筑的族徽,分析其作用。

(4分)6.本文的结尾与《胡同文化》的结尾“再见吧,胡同”在形式和情感表达方面有相近之处,试做比较分析。

(3分)二、阅读下文,完成7—12题。

(21分)光明在低头的一瞬迟子建(1)俄罗斯的教堂,与街头随处可见的人物雕像一样多。

雕像多是这个民族历史中各个阶层的伟大人物。

大理石、青铜、石膏雕刻着的无一不是人物肉身的姿态,其音容笑貌,在各色材质中如花朵一样绽放。

至于这躯壳里的灵魂去了哪里,只有上帝知道了。

(2)莫斯科与圣彼得堡那几座著名的东正教堂,并没有给我留下太美好的印象,因为它们太富丽堂皇了。

五彩壁龛中供奉的圣像无一不是镀金的,圣经故事的壁画绚丽得让人眼晕,支撑教堂的柱子也是描金钩银,充满奢华之气。

宗教是朴素的,我总觉得教堂的氛围与宗教精神有点相悖。

(3)即使这样,我还是在教堂中领略到了俗世中难以感受到的清凉与圣洁之气。

比如安静地在圣洗盆前排着长队等待施洗的人,在布道台上神情凝重地清唱赞美诗的教士。

但是这些感动与我在一座小教堂中遇见扫烛油的老妇人相比,就微不足道了。

(4)莫斯科的东南方向,有一座被森林和草原环绕的小城——弗拉基米尔,城边有一座教堂,里面有俄罗斯大画师安德烈•鲁勃廖夫的壁画作品。

我看过关于这位画师的传记电影,所以相逢他的壁画,有一种惊喜的感觉。

教堂里参观的人并不多,我仰着脖子,看安德烈•鲁勃廖夫留在拱顶的画作。

同样是画基督,他的用色是单纯的,赭黄占据了大部分空间,仿佛又老又旧的夕照在弥漫。

人物的形态如刀削般直立,其庄严感一览无余,是宗教类壁画中的翘楚。

我在心底慨叹:毕竟是大画师啊,敢于用单一的色彩、简约的线条来描绘人物。

(5)透过这些画作,我看到了安德烈•鲁勃廖夫故乡的泥土、树木、河流、风雨雷电和那一缕缕炊烟,没有它们的滋养,是不可能有这种深沉朴素的艺术的。

(6)就在我收回目光,满怀感慨低下头来的一瞬,我被另一幅画面所打动了:有一位裹着头巾的老妇人,正在安静地打扫着凝结在祭坛下面的烛油!(7)她起码有六十岁了,她扫烛油时腰是佝偻的,直身的时候腰仍然是佝偻的,足见她承受了岁月的沧桑和重负。

她身穿灰蓝色的长袍,戴蓝色的暗花头巾,一手握着把小铁铲,一手提着笤帚,脚畔放着盛烛油的撮子,一丝不苟地打扫着烛油。

她像是一个虔诚的教徒,面色白皙,眼窝深陷,脸颊有两道深深的半月形皱纹,微微抿着嘴,表情沉静。

教堂里偶尔有游客经过,她绝不张望一眼,而是耐心细致地铲着烛油,待它们聚集到一定程度后,用笤帚扫到铁铲里,倒在撮子中。

她做这活儿的时候是那么虔诚,手中的工具没有发出一声刺耳的响声,她大概是怕惊扰了上帝吧——虽然说几个世纪以来,上帝不断听到刀戈相击的声音,听到枪炮声中贫民的哀号。

(8)我悄悄地站在老妇人的侧面,看着祭坛,看着祭坛下的她。

以她的年龄,还在教堂里做着清扫的事务,其家境大约是贫寒的。

上帝只有一个,朝拜者却有无数,所以祭坛上蜡炬无数。

它们播撒光明的时候,也在流泪。

从祭坛上蜂飞蝶舞般飞溅下来的烛泪,最终凝结在一起,汇成一片,牛乳般润泽,琥珀般透明,宛如天使折断了的翅膀。

老妇人打扫着的,既是人类祈祷的心声,也是上帝安抚尘世中受苦人的甘露。

(9)如果我是个画家就好了,我会以油画,展现在教堂中看到的这一幕令人震撼的情景。

画的上部是安德烈•鲁勃廖夫的壁画,中部是祭坛和蜡烛,下部就是这个扫烛油的老妇人。

如果列宾在世就好了。

这个善于描绘底层人苦难的伟大画家,会把这个主题表迭得深沉博大,画面一定充满了辛酸而又喜悦的气氛。

(10)这样一个扫烛油的老妇人,使弗拉基米尔之行变得有了意义。

她的形象不被世人知晓,也永远不会像莫斯科街头伫立的那些名人雕像一样,被人纪念着,拜谒着。

但她的形象却深深地镌刻在了我心中!镌刻在心中的雕像,该是不会轻易消失的吧?(11)我非常喜欢但丁在《神曲》的《天堂篇》中的几句诗,它们像星星一样闪耀在结尾《最后的幻象》中:无比宽宏的天恩啊,由于你我才胆敢长久仰望那永恒的光明,直到我的眼力在那上面耗尽!(12)那个扫烛油的老妇人,也许看到了这永恒的光明,所以她的劳作是安然的。

而我从她身上,看到了另一种永恒的光明:(13)光明的获得不是在仰望的时刻,而是在低头的一瞬!7.文章第(1)段描写的俄罗斯雕像具有怎样的特点,从全文看有何作用?(3分)8.下面对文章分析有误..的两项是:()()(6分)A. 文章开头提到莫斯科和圣彼得堡几座著名的东正教堂没有给作者留下好印象,是为了反衬出弗拉基米尔教堂给作者留下了深刻的印象。

B. 文章以在圣洗盆前排着长队等待施洗的人和在布道台上神情凝重地清唱赞美诗的教士衬托出扫烛油的老妇人深沉朴素的虔诚。

C.安德烈•鲁勃廖夫技艺的高妙,以及其作品中蕴含的深沉朴素之美与老妇人的沉静与圣洁形成类比。

D. 作者在描写扫烛油的老妇人时采用了精雕细刻的工笔细描,从正面加以表现,突出了老妇人朴素、虔诚的宗教情感。

E. 文章多处运用了对比的手法。

静与动,神圣与卑微,崇高与渺小,短暂与永恒,在自然的尘世里形成了鲜明对比,扩大了文章的思考范围,使文章更具深度。

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