最新中考情态动词+时态+语态教学案

中考情态动词+时态+语态教学案
情态动词
☆ 定义：
这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。

它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。

这类动词有等。

☆ 原则：
它们不能单独作谓语，必须与动词一起作谓语，表示完整的意思；人称和数的变化；否定直接加not.
★ 用法：
(1) 表义务：
强调主观；强调客观；强调需要并只用于句或
句。

(2) 表指责：(不能), (不应该), (不准)。

(3) 表猜测：分为两大类，和。

★肯定猜测：, , （从左至右语气减弱）。

★否定猜测：, , （从左至右语气减弱）。

拓展：
★对现在、一般情况猜测：情态动词+ 。

例句: They must be in the classroom now!
He may not be at home at this time.
Something must be wrong with the TV set.
★对过去猜测：情态动词+ 。

例句: The road is wet. It must have rained just now
He must haven’t finished homework yesterday, because his mom seemed to be angry.
(4) 表能力：(现在), (过去能现在能), (过去能，现在未必能)。

(5) 表请求：(语气生硬), (委婉，常用), (谦卑，少用), (只用于第
一人称)。

(6) 肯否不一：
★may 回答：肯定回答，否定回答。

★must/need 回答：肯定回答，否定回答。

★can/could 回答：肯定回答，否定回答。

动词时态
★ 一般现在时
1. 定义:
表现在的状态，经常的动作，。

2. 标志词:
频率副词：, , , ,
固定次数：, ,
3. 考点:
(1) 主将从现
或引导的条件状语从句：If you don’t listen to me, I will read the spell.
(2) 客观真理、事实用一般现在时(太阳、月亮的升起、落下，定律等)
Where there (be) a will, there (be) a way. 唐僧说，有志者，事竟成。

The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。

(3) / (开始)；(停止)；/ (来)；/ (去)；
(回来)；(打开)；(关上)等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划规定发生的动作。

The train (arrive) at 8 a.m. 火车8 点到站。

★ 一般过去时
1. 定义
A. 过去某个时间里发生的动作。

B. 过去经常性/习惯性的动作。

2. 标志词
（, , , + , +表的句子）
常见短语：刚刚；在. 岁时；那时；前几天
3. 考点：
(1) 现在完成时与一般过去时辨析：
：对现在的影响，不与过去时间状语连用。

：过去的动作，常接表过去的时间状语。

☆ 一般将来时
1. 定义
A. 将来某时会发生的动作
B. 将来计划打算做的动作
2. 标志词
（, , + ，+ , ）3. 考点
will / shall / be going to 区别
A. will 和shall
shall：用于人称；will：用于人称
B. will 和be going to
will：
★：Next year I will be 20 years old.
★：Sorry, I’m busy now. I will call you later.
★：He will be here in half an hour.
be going to：
★：He is badly ill. I think he is going to die.
★：I am going to study abroad next year.
★：Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
☆ 现在进行时
1. 定义：
A. 表示此时此刻正在做的动作
B. 表示最近一段时间一直进行的动作，说话时未必在做
C. 现在进行时表将来
2. 标志词：
（1）时间类：
（2）情景类：
口诀：
3. 考点
(1) 用现在进行时表示将来
来来去去带呆死：
We are going to England for a holiday.
(2) 一般不用进行时的词：
①感官系动词：
②表示知道或了解的词：
③表示拥有或需要的词：
④表示喜好厌恶的动词：
(3) 现在进行时与等连用，表示一定的感情色彩如厌烦，抱怨，惊喜，赞成等。

☆ 过去进行时
1. 定义
A. 表示过去精确时间正在进行的动作：He was having breakfast at 6 yesterday morning.
B. 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作：He was writing a book last year.
2. 标志词
+具体时刻+过去时间：在那时；引导表示过去的从句。

3. 考点：
when 与while 的特殊句型
★表示一个持续的动作发生过程中闯入另外一个动作：
（长动作）+ when + （短动作）
I was watching TV when she came in.
★表示过去的两个同时发生的动作：
+ while +
I was writing while my mother was cooking.
★ 现在完成时
1. 定义:
★已完成：一个动作在发生，已经结束，强调对的影响。

如果句中有明显的表示过去的时间状语，只用时，不用现在完成时
例子：He has drawn 3 beautiful pictures and now he is very tired.
I saw it yesterday.
I have already seen the movie.
★未完成：一个动作开始于，持续到，有可能持续到。

例子：He has stayed here for 3 days.
2. 标志词:
已经（肯定）, 还未（否定，疑问）, 曾经（疑问）,
从不（否定）, + 时间点，自从, + 时间段长达,
只、仅, 迄今为止, 次数
3. 考点:
(2) have/has been to & have/has gone to & have/has been in:
have/has been to:
have/has gone to:
have/has been in: =
☆ 过去完成时
1. 定义
表示某动作在过去某一时刻之前就已经完成了，所以在时间上含有“”之意。

例子：The lecture did not begin until everyone had arrived.
直到每个人都到齐，演讲才开始。

2. 标志词
★时间终结型：
+ 句子（一般过去时）
+ 句子（一般过去时）
+ 句子（过去完成）
+ 过去时间点
★一用就灵型：
had + + done....... +从句(一过)
had + +done......... +从句(一过)
★暗箭伤人型：
--- Did Jane go to the party last night?
--- No, she didn’t. We (hope) that she would come.
动词语态
☆基本构成:
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Do you think your school rules are boring? Take a look at these rules.
（1）When did some schools in New Jersey make the rule "no hugging"?
A. In 2008
B. In 2010
C. In 2012
D. In 2014
（2）Where are the students at Michigan school asked to keep their books?
A. In the lockers
B. In the classrooms
C. In the lunchrooms
D. In teachers' offices.
（3）Mobile phones are not allowed into class in _________.
A. one Portland school
B. some schools in Florida
C. one Pennsylvania school
D. some schools in Brooklyn
（4）Who is the reason for a Toronto school's "no balls" rule?
A. A teacher
B. A doctor
C. A student
D. A parent
（5）Where is the material probably from?
A. A newspaper
B. A website
C. A speech
D. A diary
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍几个学校的规则。

（1）推理题。

根据Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule—No hugging in 2010. Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule波特兰和佛罗里达的一些学校开始了这项规定——2010年禁止拥抱。

两年后，新泽西和布鲁克林的一些学校也制定了同样的规则，可知新泽西的一些学校2012年制定了“禁止拥抱”的规则，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据 One high school in Michigan doesn't allow bags into the classroom at all. The school asks students to return to their lockers ，可知密歇根学校的学生被要求把书放在储物柜里，故选A。

（3）推理题。

根据 students there aren't allowed to wear their Ugg boots into class. It's to stop them from hiding things like mobile phones in the boots 那里的学生不允许穿ugg靴子上课，为了阻止他们把手机之类的东西藏在靴子里，可知 Pennsylvania 不允许上课使用手机，故选C。

（4）细节题。

根据A parent was taken to hospital with a concussion(脑震荡)after being hit by a ball一名家长被球击中后因脑震荡被送往医院，可知多伦多学校“不准打球”规则的原因是因为一位家长，故选D。

（5）推理题。

根据Interested? Click(点击) here to read more有兴趣吗？点击这里阅读更多，可知文章来自网站，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

2．阅读理解
I walked into a stranger as he passed by me.
"Excuse me." I said.
He replied with a smile and said, "Please excuse me, too. I didn't notice you."
We apologized(道歉) and went for our own ways.
Later that day, when I was cooking, my daughter was standing too near. When I turned to reach for some milk, I
nearly knocked her over. "Move out of the way!" I shouted.
She walked away sadly. But I didn't feel like I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me. "While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You will find them in the kitchen by the door. Have you seen the tears in her eyes?"
I quietly went and sat down by my daughter's bed.
"Honey, I am so sorry." I said. "Are these the flowers you picked for me?"
She said, "I found them by the tree. I picked them because they're pretty like you. I knew you'd like them, especially the blue ones."
I tearfully replied, "Sweetie, I'm really sorry for the way I acted today. I shouldn't have shouted at you."
"It's OK. I love you anyway." She said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we can be polite to strangers, why can't we do the same for the ones we love?
（1）The writer was to the stranger who she walked into.
A. mad
B. honest
C. unkind
D. polite
（2）Where were they when the writer shouted at her daughter?
A. In the kitchen.
B. By the tree.
C. In the bedroom.
D. In the garden.
（3）What did the writer's husband think when he saw her action?
A. The little girl shouldn't cry.
B. She shouldn't shout at their daughter.
C. She shouldn't say sorry to the stranger.
D. Both he and his wife should apologize to their daughter.
（4）What may be the writer's favorite color according to the passage?
A. Yellow.
B. Pink.
C. Blue.
D. Red.
（5）What do you think is the best title for the passage?
A. Be friendly to strangers.
B. Mothers like flowers.
C. Be kind to loved ones.
D. Love between parents and children.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）C
【解析】【分析】大意：作者走在路上撞到陌生人，相互表示歉意，而在家里因为女儿站地离自己很近，结果取牛奶的时候几乎绊倒女儿却生气对女儿大叫，导致女儿难过流泪，后来因为老公的点醒，让作者意思到对待爱自己的人要好的道理。

（1）细节题。

根据"Excuse me." I said.可知，作者对待陌生人很有礼貌，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据when I was cooking, Move out of the way!" I shouted.可知，作者是在厨房对女儿大喊大叫，故选A。

（3）推断题。

根据 While dealing with a stranger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind.
可知，作者的丈夫认为她不应该对女儿大叫，故选B。

（4）推断题。

根据I knew you'd like them, especially the blue ones."可知，作者可能最喜欢蓝色，故选C。

（5）主旨题。

作者走在路上撞到陌生人，相互表示歉意，而在家里因为女儿站地离自己很近，结果取牛奶的时候几乎绊倒女儿却生气对女儿大叫，导致女儿难过流泪，后来因为老公的点醒，让作者意思到对待爱自己的人要好的道理，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

One afternoon, on my way home, I saw a car accident (事故)!
I asked people for help, but no one stopped. When the car driver and his wife saw this, they quickly closed the window of the car and drove away. "What shall I do? The old man needs help," I thought.
At that time, a truck stopped and the driver came out. "What's wrong with the old man? What can I do?" the driver asked me. "Sir, please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!" I said. "well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first," the driver said.
A few minutes later, the driver took the old man to the hospital and I called the police. I told the whole story to the police and I also told them the number of the car. The police said to me, "Well done, boy! Leave it to us, We will punish (惩罚) them!"
When I got home, it was 7: 30. I thought I was great.
（1）One afternoon, a car hit ________.
A. a young man
B. a boy
C. a truck
D. an old man
（2）What did the truck driver do?
A. He drove away quickly.
B. He stopped for a while and then drove away.
C. He took the old man to the hospital.
D. He called the police.
（3）What did the writer think of himself?
A. Very good.
B. Very terrible.
C. Very nervous.
D. Very surprised.
（4）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. When the car driver saw the accident, he quickly drove away
B. After a long time, the car driver took the old man to the hospital
C. The writer told the whole story to the police.
D. The writer got home at 7: 30
（5）What do you think of the writer?
A. He is a bad person.
B. He is a nice person.
C. He is a strange person.
D. He is a handsome person.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文作者讲述了一场交通事故的情况。

（1）细节题。

根据 please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!可知一辆轿车撞着一位老人。

故选D.
（2）细节题。

根据 well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first," the driver said. 可知卡车司机把老人带到医院。

故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据 I thought I was great. 可知，作者认为自己是棒的。

故选A。

（4）推断题。

根据 When the car driver and his wife saw this, they quickly closed the window of the car and drove away. 可知A正确；根据well, don't worry. Let me take him to the hospital first," the truck driver said. 可知B错误；根据 I told the whole story to the police 可知C正确；根据 When I got home, it was 7: 30. 可知D正确。

故选B。

（5）推断题。

根据 please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly hurt!" I said. 可知这个男孩是一个善良的人。

故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题和推理判断题都是常考题型。

细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；推理题是根据上下文，推断出所需要的信息。

4．阅读理解
This year the US will honour(纪念)one of the country's most famous writers-Mark Twain(1835-1910).Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name "Mark Twain" came from?
The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. "Mark Twain" was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms(6 feet) deep. "Twain" is an old-fashioned way of saying "two". Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi(1883).
The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works-who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884).
With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.
On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.
The gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) and its follow-up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call "The Great American Novel".
The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the
way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.
（1）What does the underlined word "gift" mean in the passage?
A. Twain's talent for self-teaching.
B. Twain's "local colour" writing style.
C. Twain's good sense of humour.
D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.
（2）According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?
A. The deep social meaning.
B. The exciting life experiences.
C. The special way that Huck talks.
D. The nice view of the Mississippi.
（3）Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, "Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect."?
A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2.
B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3.
C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4.
D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？
A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.
B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.
C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.
D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。

（1）推断题。

根据Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.可知吐温以一种被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，因为它显示了对当地人及其风俗习惯的深刻了解，所以gift指的是吐温的被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself.他书中最惊人的发明是哈克自己的声音，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories.可知马克吐温学历低，并不是来自你期望的作家背景，故选C。

（4）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。

故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解
Temple won the Juvenile Oscar in .
A. 1928
B. 1934
C. 1935
D. 1948
（2）From the passage we know that Temple .
A. was not good at dancing
B. began to star in her first film when she was ten years old
C. was unfriendly to her fans
D. encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression
（3）According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping .
A. are disabled people full of love
B. wrote many famous books
C. finished the book by themselves
D. live a very poor life
（4）Which of the following is TRUE about the book？
A. It is the first world encyclopedic dictionary.
B. It can help deaf people know about the world more easily.
C. It took them sixteen years to finish the book.
D. It introduces medicine and art about the life of people.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了曾经著名的儿童电影明星雪莉·坦普尔和残疾夫妻史丽和崔吉平他们为聋人和听力问题的人完成了第一本中文百科全书。

（1）细节题。

根据Later she starred in other films and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.可知在1935年2月赢得了Juvenile Oscar，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条).可知雪莉·坦普尔在经济大萧条期间鼓励全国，故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据They are disabled. They completed the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的)dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.可知残疾夫妻史丽和崔吉平他们为聋人和听力问题的人完成了第一本中文百科全书，所以他们是充满爱心的残疾人，故选A。

（4）细节题。

根据This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.可知这本书为聋人提供了学习工具，帮助他们更容易了解世界。

故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。