条件状语从句的总结

1)由if ,unless , so (as) long as, in case (万一), on condition that…（条件是）/suppose/ supposing(that…)//providing
//provided (that) (如果)等引导条件状语从句，
e.g. 1.If any beast comes at you , I’ll stay with you .
e.g. 2.If you add 100 to 1, you get 101.
e.g. 3.They said they would all leave if John stayed.
e.g. 4. Heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.
e.g. 5.We can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we areclosely united.
e.g. 6.Suppose/supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
E.g. 7.In case there is a fire, what will you do first?
2).条件状语从句中的条件，如为假设，且几乎难以实现，一般用虚拟语气。

e.g. 1.If I were to do it , I should first of all get the comrades to discuss the plan.
2. If he had kept his promise, there would not have been all this trouble.
3) If 引导的条件状语从句中也可以用“ will ”此时译为“ 愿意”
E.g. If you will follow my advice , I will help you until you succeed at the last minute ,
4).下列祈使句，在意义上实际也是条件状语从句：
句型
注：1. 祈使句还可以用名词短语代替；
.e.g. Two more weeks , and I will finish the task.
E.g. One more hour, and I will work out the problem.
注：2.
E.g. you'll miss the train.
E.g. Hurry up , you will catch the early bus.
5). If only 也可以引导条件状语从句，(译：要是多用虚拟)
e.g. If only it clears up ,we’ll go . e.g.If only you had worked with greater care！
E.g. If only I would fly to the moon .
注：only if :“只要/只有” “注意倒装”
E.g. Only if he gives the answer, check these questions.
6).unless从句的谓语只能是肯定式，它的肯定式相当于if 的否定式，如：
e.g. Do not come unless I call you. =Do not come if I do n’t call you.
7).条件状语从句可以紧缩。

e.g. 1. Come tomorrow if possible.=Come tomorrow if it is possible.
e.g. 2.If so, you must get back and get it.= If it is so, you must get back and get it.
e.g. 3.I’ll buy a TV set if necessary.=I’ll buy a TVset if it is necess ary.
e.g. 4.The girl never gave in unless wrong.=The girl never gave in unless she is wrong.
e.g.5.Unless repaired ,the machine is no use.=Unless it is repaired,the machine is no use.
一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词
主要的有because, as, since,for，seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)，in that等：
E.g. The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而缩水。

E.g. I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。

E.g. Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。

E.g. Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。

E.g. Now th at you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧(既来之，则安之)。

有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”
E.g. I won’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。

二、because 的用法
1）正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
2）because 从句与because of短语的转换
E.g. He can’t come because he is ill. = He can’t come because of his i llness. 他因病不能来。

E.g. I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there.
1)))because语势最强，表示不知道的原因用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道。

2))) 针对Why 作答语时只能用because .
E.g. -----Why did he return home? -----Because he was very hungry.
3))) 被强调句强调时，只能用because + 从句。

E.g. It was because my father made a mistake that we couldn't go there.
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。

E.g. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因语气比because弱得多，是可说可不说的或不是理由的理由，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。

E.g. He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。

E.g. Birds start to sing , for spring comes.
显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。

例如：Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息，你最好帮我补习数学。

三）——注意：seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that)，in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近，都表示“既然”。

E.g. Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.
E.g. Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
E.g. Considering (tha t) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了，我们就开始讨论吧。

E.g. In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病，他觉得做不了那件事。

四）as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主
E.g. As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。

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E.g. As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了，你最好休息一下。

E.g. I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。

引导词：that / so that / in order that, for fear that, in case, lest 等引导
e.g. 1.The Englishman took medicine on time that he might get well again.
2.The blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”.
3.Let’s take the front seats in order that we may see more clearly.
2) 目的状语从句中应注意的问题
1.目的状语从句的谓语常含may(might) ,can(could) will(would) 等情态动词否则可能是结果状语从句；
e.g. 1.He studied hard so that he could get more knowledge.(________从句)
2. He studied hard so that he got more knowledge. （_______从句）
2.口语中so 也可以用于引导目的状语从句。

e.g. We’ll sit nearest the front so we can hear better.
3. 等不定式代替。

e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten o’clock. = He ran fast ____ ____ _____ arrive there before ten o’ clock.
e.g. He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night ____ _____ _______succeed.
: “以便…;为了….”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词, in order that…so that..正式, 引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that..引导的从句只可置于主句之后.
e.g. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
e.g. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak .
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should +)动词原形,它本身带有否定意义, 相当于so that...not. (i)
order that….not…..e.g. The boy hid himself b ehind the tree in case/for fear that this father should see him.
e.g. Take your raincoat in case/ lest it should rain.
结果状语从句由that /so that/ so ….that / such ….that /等引导。

在非正式语体中, 由s o ….that….,such…that….引导的句子中that 可以省略,
e.g. What has happened that you all look so discouraged?
e.g. In fact,this English was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it .
e.g. There were so many(=such a lot of people) people in the room that we could not get in .
e.g. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.
e.g. Marx make such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American
e.g. He bought so cheap a recorder that he saved some money.
2) 结果状语从句中应注意的问题
1. so…..that , such ….that 中的that 有时可省略
e.g. 1.The climber was so tired, she could hardly stand. e.g. 2. It’s such a good chance we mustn’t miss it.
2.结果状语从句有时可用逗号与主句隔开，如：e.g. The workers hurried , so that they caught the bus.
3)注意：结构：A. 单数可数名词：so +adj.+ a/an +n +that….. =such +a/an +adj. +n +that…..
e.g. This is so important a meeting that we can’t miss it.= This is such an important that we can’t miss it
B．不可数/复数名词：
e.g. There are _____many books that we can’t decide which are the best.
e.g. These are _______good teachers that we love them very much.
4) 试比较:e.g. He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.(少的)
e.g. It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.(小的)
e.g. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
6) 除结果状语从句外, too…to…./ enough to …./so as to ….也同样可以表示结果.
e.g. He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus. =He got up too late to catch the bus. =He got up so late as to miss the bus.
1)引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as, as if, as though 等,方式状语从句应放在主句之后, 其中as if 或as though引导的从句用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况极易实现也可用陈述语气.
e.g. Do as you ar told to, or you’ll be fired.
e.g. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
e.g. I feel as if I have a fever.
e.g.1. The lawyer will state the facts as they are.
2. I’ ll do as I am told to .
3.Brusoe heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
4.It looks as though it is going to rain.
2).方式状语从句中应注意的问题
1. as, as if (though) 引导的从句如是比喻或夸大了的，应用虚拟语气，
e.g. He walked as if he were drunk。

e.g. My neighbour treats the boy as though he were her son.
3)．方式状语从句可以紧缩。

e.g. Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order)to sleep.
e.g. The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though(she was)angry.
e.g. The inspector looked round,as if(she was) in search of something.
e.g. Jane seemed as if (she was)good at everything.
比较状语从句用than 和as 引导，如：
e.g. The project was completed earlier than ________A. expecting B. expected. C. is expected D. it is expected e.g. The technician worked as fast as a skilled worker.。