B3M1导学案(2)

B3Module 1 Europe
Grammar 导学案（2）
高一英语组
一．语法突破——探究
被动语态与主谓一致
被动语态与主谓一致均属于中学英语语法中的重要组成部分，也是高考常考点。

近几年试题多从基本结构和基本用法进行考查。

学习本部分要掌握以下重点：1. 被动语态的各种时态怎样表达? 2. 哪些动词不能用被动形式？3. 主谓一致都有哪些特殊情况？
Ⅰ. 被动语态
【观察领悟】
· Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists.
·The Church of the Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
· The window got broken.
【自我归纳】
1. 被动语态的基本结构：____________。

情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
· A new hospital will be built here.
· His car is being repaired now.
· The work hasn’t been finished yet.
【拓展延伸】
1. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。

例如：
· The goods sell well. 货物卖得好。

· The door opens easily. 门容易开。

有些词如want, need, require和be worth后面跟v. -ing，
形式为主动，意义为被动。

· The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.
· The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。

2. 以下动词无被动形式。

last(延长)，happen, cost(花费), lack(缺乏)，agree with(同
意)，join, fit/suit(适合), have, belong to, let, disappear,
break out(爆发)/burst out(迸发)
【活学活用】
1.用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The students ___ often ____(tell)to take care of their
desks and chairs.
②What __ a knife ____ (use)for?
③How many trees _____(plant) in your school last year?
④The books can’t ________(take) out of the library.
⑤The cinema ________(build)in 1985.
⑥Vegetables, eggs and fruit ___(sell)well in this shop.
⑦These kinds of machines ________(make)in Japan.
⑧Apples _________(grow)on this farm.
⑨All the work _______________(finish)already.
⑩Many trees ____________(cut) down now.
2. 单项填空
①(2012·湖南高考)Don’t worry. The hard work that you
do now ______ later in life.
A. will be repaid
B. was being repaid
C. has been repaid
D. was repaid
② (2012·昆明高一检测)Can this bike ______ here?
A. repair
B. is repaired
C. be repaired
D. repairing
③ ______ for two years, the bike needs ______.
A. Using; repairing
B. Being used; being repaired
C. Having been used; repairing
D. Having used; to be repaired
Ⅱ. 主谓一致
【观察领悟】
· My family lives in Cardiff. 我家住在卡迪夫。

· The whole class is here. 整个班都在这儿。

· My family are all soccer fans.
我们一家人都是足球迷。

· The class are all here. 全班同学都在这儿。

· Neither of them is English.
他们俩都不是英国人。

· None of them has arrived yet. 他们都还没到。

· Each of them has a capital city.
他们都有一个首都城市。

· None of the emails have been answered.
所有的电子邮件都还没有回复。

【自我归纳】
1. 集体名词作主语时，如果强调个别成员，谓语动词
用_____形式；如果强调整体，谓语动词用_____形式。

这类集体名词有audience, army, class, company, crowd,
family, government, group, population, public, team,
village, school等；
2. neither指“_______”，在一般情况下谓语动词用___数；
3. none 表示三者或三者以上“都不”，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数；
4. each指“两个或两个以上的人或物中的_______”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

【拓展延伸】
1. 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

①Forty miles ____ covered in a single night. (be)
②Twenty years __ a long time in one’s life. (be)
2. 由or, nor, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but (also). . . 连接的并列主语及there be结构，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语一致。

例如：
One or two friends ___ coming this evening. (be)
3. 当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引导的短语时, 谓语动词要与它们前面的主语保持一致。

例如：
Tom as well as his friends ____ invited to the party. (be)
4. 被every, each, no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：
Each boy and (each) girl ___ an apple. (have)
5. 由more than one, many a修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：
Many a student ___ seen the film. (have) 6. 由kind, form, type, series, sort等词修饰的名词作主
语时，其谓语动词的数取决于这些词的单复数，而不
是它们后面的名词。

例如：
This kind of bikes __ very popular nowadays. (be)
7. 由and连接但表示同一事物作主语时，谓语用单数。

The writer and speaker __ from the USA. (be)
8. each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，
与each无关，但each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：
①They each _____ a radio set. (have)
②Each of them ___ a radio set. (have)
【活学活用】
1. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
①Every man and woman __(invite) to attend the meeting.
②Many a student and teacher __ (be) here.
③What you said __ (be)meaningless.
④Either he or I ___ (be)wrong.
⑤Not only the students but also the teacher
_________(take) part in the games next week.
⑥The police ___ (be)searching for the murderer.
⑦The writer and singer ________(give) a speech now.
⑧There __ a pen and two pencils on the desk.
⑨Each of the boys in our class ____ (like) football.
2. 单项填空
①(2012·陕西高考)The basketball coach, as well as his
team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their
outstanding performance.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
②(2012·阳泉高一检测)Now Tom with his classmates
______ football on the playground.
A. play
B. are playing
C. plays
D. is playing
③Thirty dollars ______ too expensive for him.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. be
④Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____in the room.
A. are
B. is stayed
C. is
D. are left
⑤About 60 percent of the students ______ from the south,
the rest of them ______ from the north and foreign
countries.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
二．课时达标——训练
Ⅰ. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Here ______ (be)some books and papers for you.
2. Not only you but also he ______ (be) ready to leave.
3. Maths ______ (be) very popular in our class.
4. A speech ______ (give)here last Friday.
5. Russian ______ (learn)as the second language by some
students in China.
6. Planes, cars and trains ______ (use)by business people
for travelling.
Ⅱ. 将下列主动语态改为被动语态
1. We grow cotton in my hometown.
Cotton _________ by us in my hometown.
2. My parents gave me ten minutes to make a decision.
I _________ ten minutes to make a decision by my parents.
3. Someone saw her go upstairs last night.
She _________ by someone to go upstairs last night.
4. My mother looks through the magazine every day.
The magazine ____________ by my mother every day.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. (2012·徐州高一检测)Many a writer of newspaper articles _____ to writing novels.
A. has turned
B. have turned
C. being turned
D. are going to turn
2. _______ of the mountains in that area _______ covered by trees and grass.
A. Two-fifth; is
B. Two-fifth; are
C. Two-fifths; are
D. Two-fifths; is
3. All the employees except the manager _______ to work online at home.
A. encourages
B. encourage
C. is encouraged
D. are encouraged 4. Jane is one of the best students in her class who
_______ by their teacher.
A. are praised
B. is praised
C. praised
D. praising
5. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _______ his students, but
each of us _________ him very much.
A. am; likes
B. is; love
C. are; likes
D. was; loves
6. —Have you got your test result?
—Not yet. The papers _______.
A. are not correcting
B. haven’t corrected
C. are still being corrected
D. have already been corrected
7. (2012·枣庄高一检测)Going to bed and getting up early
_______ a good habit.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. was
8. The teacher together with the students _______
discussing Reading Skills that___________ newly
published in America.
A. are; were
B. is; were
C. are; was
D. is; was
9. (2012·岳阳高一检测)Mrs. Green wants to buy that
kind of cloth because she _______ that the cloth _______
very well.
A. has been told; washes
B. has told; washed
C. has been told; is washed
D. is told; is washed
10. (2011·上海高一检测)There _____ a large audience at
the Grand Theatre, watching the opening night of the play.
A. has
B. have
C. was
D. were
11. Each of the students in our class _______ a dictionary.
A. have
B. has
C. there is
D. there are
12. Twenty minutes ______a long time for one who waits.
A. seem
B. seems
C. seemed
D. are seemed。