翻译资格考试英语CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(三)(附参考译文)

CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（三）（附参考译文）
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration, he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. “The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. “He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them." With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.
During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” -farmers, planters, and workers and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers, and the loss of independence that came with it.
Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization, Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businessperson and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity
for citizens of ability.
Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in people's lives. Despite Andrew jackson's inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies’ and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.
The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.
【参考译文】
英译汉: 第一篇
美国现代总统制度的发展是从安德鲁·杰克逊开始的。

这位民主党领导人于1829年上台执政，1837年卸任。

在他任职期间，总统的权力被极大地扩充了。

参议院反对他时，他对参议院说:“总统是美国人民的直接代表，由人民选举产生，对人民负责。

”杰克逊用这番话重新定义了总统府的角色及其与人民的关系。

在杰克逊的第二个任期内，他的反对者们逐渐联合起来组成了辉格党。

辉格党人和民主党人对市场、银行、商业引发的变化持有不同的态度。

民主党人倾向于把社会看作“人民”(农民、种植园主、工人)与一群贪婪贵族之间的持续斗争。

他们宣称，那些银行家和投资者们都是“钞票贵族”，为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，通过鼓励投机和迅速赚取不义之财败坏了国家的美德。

民主党人既想从市场中获得好处，又不想失去朴素的农业共和国的特征。

他们想要市场提供的财
富而不想要竞争激烈、不断变化的社会，复杂的交易，大城市的主宰地位和随之而来的独立性的丧失。

另一方面，辉格党人对市场更为适应。

对于他们来说，商业和经济发展是文明的动力，然而，辉格党人没有预见到农民、工人群体与商人、银行家群体之间的冲突。

他们认为经济增长会通过增加国民收人和就业机会使每个人受益。

政府的责任就是提供一个受到良好监管的经济制度，确保有能力的公民能获得机会。

辉格党人和民主党人的分歧不仅表现在对市场的态度上，还表现在中央政府究竟应该在人民生活中起到多少作用的问题上。

尽管安德鲁·杰克逊想做一个强势的总统，但民主党人通常主张有限政府。

政府在经济中的作用是通过摧毁垄断和特权来鼓励竞争。

与有限政府的理念相一致的是，民主党人认为政府的行为不应干涉到人们的道德信仰。

民主党人确信，宗教和政治应该明确分开，他们也普遍反对人道主义立法。

相反，辉格党人对政府权力持积极态度。

他们认为，应该用政府权力保护个人权利和公众自由，在个人努力无效的情况下，政府权力要发挥特殊作用。

通过规划经济和竞争政府可以保证机会平等。

确实，对于辉格党人来说，政府促进普遍福利的概念已经超出了经济意义。

尤其是美国北部的辉格党人也认为,应该利用政府权力来培养国家的道德福利他们更倾向于支持社会改革立法和对教育的资助。

Passage 2
There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stones of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear
and punishment - on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.
The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome's early development. Whereas Greece had grown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one single organism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seas lanes, the Roman world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable, The key to the Greek world lay in its high.powered ships; the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. The Greeks were wedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailor at heart; the Roman, a landsman.
Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization, exploitation, and defense of their territory. In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society. From this arose the Roman genius for military organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility; peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country; and iustitia, a sense of the natural order.
【参考译文】
英译汉: 第二篇
罗马世界具有一种凝聚力，这种凝聚力既不存在于希腊，也可能不存在于任何其他文明，无论是古代文明还是现代文明。

罗马帝国的各个部分被物理纽带、组织纽带和心理控制因素牢牢地结合成一个巨大的、坚如磐石的整体，就像罗马城墙上的无数石块通过十分规则的设计和罗马特有的强有力的胶合剂砌成一样。

物理纽带包括驻扎在各省的军事驻军网络和由石头铺成的道路网络，这些道路将罗马与各省连接起来。

组织纽带的基础是共同的法律和行政原则，以及执行共同行为标准的官员队伍。

心理控制因素则以恐惧和惩罚为基础，任何威胁罗马权威的人或事都将被彻底摧毁。

罗马人对统一和凝聚力的执着可能源于罗马早期的发展模式。

希腊是从几十个分散的城邦发展起来的，而罗马则是从单个组织发展起来的。

希腊是沿着地中海航线扩张而形成的，罗马帝国则是通过征服领土而建立的。

当然，这种对比也不是那么绝对的:在亚历山大大帝时期，希腊人找到了他们有史以来最伟大的领土征服者;罗马人一旦离开意大利也没有忘记发展海洋力量。

然而，两者之间本质的区别是不可否认的。

希腊世界的关键是强大的船队，而罗马帝国的关键则是他们的陆地军队。

希腊人死守着海洋，罗马人则死守着土地。

希腊人本质上是水手；罗马人本质上是农夫。

当然，为了解释罗马现象，人们必须特别强调罗马人的这种几乎是其本能的领土意识。

罗马人的首要任务是组织、开发和保卫他们的领土。

很可能，是肥沃的拉蒂姆平原造就了土地定居、土地财产、土地经济、土地管理以及土地社会的习惯和技能，而拉蒂姆正是创建罗马的拉丁人的发源地。

由此，罗马人的军事组织和政府管理的才能就发展起来了反过来，对土地以及稳定乡村生活的深深依恋也孕育了罗马人的美德：gravitas(责任感)、peitas(对家庭和国家的忠诚)和iustitia(自然秩序感）。

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into English.
Passage 1
习近平主席在2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会上指出，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆。

中国愿意同非洲国家一道，携手打造责任共担、合作共赢、幸福共享、文化共兴、安全共筑、和谐共生的中非命运共同体。

非洲是一块充满希望的土地，拥有资源、人口、市场优势和巨大的发展潜力。

非洲是世界上最年轻的大陆，人口超过12亿，70%在30岁或30 岁以下，50%
在20 岁以下；未来十年非洲将新增适龄工作人口2.1亿，占全球新增适龄工作人口的42%，成为全球最大的劳动力市场，非洲将拥有全球最大的“人口红利”。

令人遗憾和痛心的是，非洲大陆的整体发展大幅落后于世界其他地区，仍然是世界上最贫穷的大陆，GDP(国内生产总值)只占全球生产总值的 1.9%。

【参考译文】
汉译英: 第一篇
As President Xi Jinping said at the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), China is the world's largest developing country, and Africa, the continent with the largest number of developing countries. China stands ready to work with African countries to build a China-Africa community with a shared future. They will assume joint responsibility, pursue win-win cooperation, deliver happiness for all, enjoy cultural prosperity, build common security, and promote harmony between man and nature.
Africa is a continent full of hope. With abundant resources, a large population, and a vast market, it holds huge potential for development. Africa boasts the youngest population in the world, with 70% of the over 1.2 billion people aged 30 or under, and 50% below 20. Its working age population is expected to grow by 210 million in the coming ten years, accounting for 42% of the increase in the global workforce. This will make Africa the largest labor market and bring it the highest demographic dividend in the world. Sadly, however, Africa is also the poorest continent that is lagging behind in development. Its GDP accounts for merely 1.9% of the world total.
Passage 2
从欧美、日本和中国考古学的发展现状可以看出，考古学不仅正在和越来越多的其他人文社会学科发生交叉，不断地拓展研究的领域，就连过去被认为考古几乎无法涉足的哲学意识形态领域也开始进入考古学的研究领域；考古学也正在和越来越多的自然科学、工程技术和农医学科发生交叉，考古学研究的现代化，要求考古从业人员必须具备相当的自然科学知识，还需要有经过自然科学、工程或农医的专业训练的研究人员参与其中，这也意味着会有不同学科出身的研究人
员参与到考古学研究当中，所以考古学研究正在模糊文理学科的科际界限。

正如严文明所指出的，考古学的发展不但依赖于考古工作的开展和资料的积累，依赖于相关理论和方法论的探索，更有赖于现代科学技术的广泛应用。

【参考译文】
汉译英: 第二篇
From the development of archaeology in Europe, North America, Japan and China, it can be seen that archaeology not only is intersecting with so many other humanities and social sciences that even the fields of philosophy and ideology, which were regarded as almost untouchable by archaeology in the past, have begun to enter the research field of archaeology but also is combining with natural sciences, engineering technology, agronomy and medicine. Modernizing archaeological research requires archaeologists to have sufficient knowledge of natural science, and needs the participation of researchers who have received professional training in natural science, engineering, agronomy or medicine. This means that researchers from different disciplines have to participate in archaeological research. Therefore, archaeology research is blurring the boundaries between disciplines of arts and sciences. As Yan Wenming pointed out, the advancement of archaeology depends not only on the work of archaeologists, the accumulation of data, and the exploration of relevant theories and methodologies, but also on the extensive application of modern science and technology.。