考向9人与自我之健康--2022年中考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

专题二：人与自我
备战2022年中考英语阅读理解专项突破
考向9 人与自我之健康
Passage 1 （2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）
As we all know, if a person isn’t in good health, he or she can’t study or work well, or live fortably. Staying healthy is one of the most important goals in everyone’s life.
During the past one and a half years, the COVID19 pandemic has led many people to pay more attention to their health. Exercising is an excellent way to keep healthy. So what are the most popular activities? What are different people’s favourites? And what are some factors(因素) holding people back from physical fitness? Here’s the result of a recent survey on people’s exercise.
Top 6 popular activities Different favourites
What’s stopping people
from exercise
Running
57.3%
Walking
51.5%
Cycling
36.6%
Playing ball games 25.8% Swimming
25.0%
Hiking Born after 2000
Ball games
Born in
1990s
Yoga
No professional training
42.9%
No time 33.2%
Not exercise facilities 23.9% Born in 1980s
Swimming
Born in
1970s
Walking
1．What kind of activity may a 15yearold student probably like best?
A．Ball games. B．Swimming. C．Walking. D．Yoga.
2．If 2,000 people took part in the survey, how many people would think “No time” is the main factor in stopping them from exercise?
A．429. B．664. C．478. D．332.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Young people born in 1980s like Yoga most.
B．Playing ball games is less popular than swimming.
C．Most people think they don’t exercise because of no facilities.
D．The survey is based on three questions about people’s exercise.
Passage 2 （2021·广西百色·中考真题）
When you feel a sneeze（喷嚏）or cough ing on, covering your mouth prevents the spread of germs（细菌）. You probably knew that.
But how to cover your mouth is very important. You might use tissues（纸巾）, and put your used tissues into the bin. “If you don't have tissues, you should sneeze into your elbow, not your hand, even if you are used to doing that.” The doctors advised.
“If somebody sneezes into his hands, those germs will be passed on to other people, or other objects that people touch.” said Dr. Hill.
Germs are most monly spread by sneezing and coughing. When they land on your hands, they are passed from hands to things like bills, door knobs（扶手）, lift buttons and other surfaces. At the same time, the people around you can touch them.
“The suggestion was taken seriously about 10 years ago. However, most people didn't pay much attention to it. That means the adults may have missed the advice. But children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze.” Dr. Benjamin said.
To be clear, people can't keep away from all the risks in this way, but it's the best choice. At the same time,
we'd better wear masks （口罩）and often wash our hands. “Hand washing is one of the most important things
people can do to keep healthy.” Dr. Hill said.
根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。

4．According to this passage, when sneezing or coughing, you'd better not ________.
A．sneeze into your elbow B．cover your mouth with tissues
C．use your hand to cover your mouth D．cover your mouth with your elbow
5．If you sneeze into hands, germs can spread through the following activities except ________.
A．using lift buttons B．using door knobs C．shaking hands D．washing hands
6．Which is true according to the passage?
A．If you don't have tissues, you should sneeze into your hand.
B．The adult may be used to sneezing into their elbow.
C．Parents often teach their children the right way to cough or sneeze.
D．Wearing masks is a good way to keep away from germs.
7．What's the main purpose of this article?
A．To tell us the correct way to use tissues when sneezing or coughing.
B．To tell us some correct ways to prevent the spread of germs.
C．To tell us it's necessary to sneeze or cough into elbow.
D．To tell us how to keep away from all risks.
8．In which layout（版面）of the newspaper can we find this kind of passage?
A．Health. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Education.
Passage 3 （2021·湖南永州·中考真题）
Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses! Researchers at California’s Pine Street Foundation (PSF) say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prison’s breath. This could be exciting news.
A dog’s sense of smell may be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger tha n ours. But can dogs really smell illness?
PSF researcher Michael McCulloch says yes. “We were very surprised by how exact they were,” he said. “They were telling who had cancer, and they were also saying who didn’t.”
McCulloch and his team asked four healthy people and one with cancer to blow into plastic tubes (塑料管). Special materials in the tubes kept the things of each breath. The tubes were then placed one yard apart. Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer. Ninetynine percent of the time, the dug sat next to the tubes blown into by patients with lung cancer. The dogs were right 88 percent of the time about breast cancer.
No lab test for cancer has given more correct results than this test. The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power. They wonder if there were other reasons why the dogs did so well. For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted. However, most experts agree that this study is important. The information could help scientists create a simple breath test for cancer in the future. Once again, humans may be getting a helping paw or nose—from their best animal friends. 9．What’s the latest tool a dog might have in the fight against cancer?
A．Tooth. B．Nose. C．Ear.
10．What happened first in the Pine Street Foundation test?
A．The dogs were trained. B．The tubes were placed one yard apart.
C．The dogs smelled the tubes.
11．What was a dog supposed to do when it smelled cancer?
A．Smell again. B．Turn around. C．Sit down.
12．Look at the chart. How many times did the dogs keep standing when they smelled the breath from healthy persons?
A．Less than 10 times. B．Almost 600 times. C．About 700 times.
13．Why do many experts question the dog’s smelling power?
A．Because no lab test for cancer has given more correct results.
B．Because the dog trainers influenced how the dogs acted.
C．Becaus e they don’t think this study is important.
Passage 4 （2021·湖南益阳·中考真题）
In order to help teenagers build a strong body, students in Grade 9 have to take part in zhongkao P.E. test every year. To prepare for the test, many junior high school students try their best to train hard.
On April 18, Sun Gao from Hangzhou, Zhejiang finished his P.E. test. After three years of hard training, he got 26.5 points.
“It wasn’t a high score, since many of my classmates got full scores30 points, but I’m still happy, since I tried my best.” Sun said. “I think the P.E. test is really good for us. By hard training, I am much stronger now.” He added.
Gong Siyu from Chengdu, Sichuan is in Grade 8 now. “I signed up（报名）for an afterschool training class. I practice every Saturday evening for two hours, doing pullups（引体向上）, an 800meter run and basketball,” she said. In 2022, when Gong takes the test, the P.E. test will be 60 points in zhongkao.
“I think it’s a good thing.” Gong said. “Health is important, and by preparing for the tes t, we get more chances to exercise and relax.”
14．What’s the purpose of zhongkao P.E. test?
A．To help teenagers train hard.
B．To help teenagers get good points.
C．To help teenagers build a strong body.
15．How many points did Sun Gao get in his P.E. test?
A．26.5 points. B．30 points. C．60 points.
16．Why was Sun Gao still happy with his P.E. score?
A．Because he got a full score in the test.
B．Because he tried his best in the test.
C．Because he got more points than all his classmates.
17．When does Gong Siyu have her afterclass training class now?
A．Every Saturday morning. B．Every Saturday afternoon. C．Every Saturday evening.
18．What did Sun Gao and Gong Siyu think about the P.E. test?
A．Only Sun Gao thought it was a good thing.
B．Both of them thought it was a good thing.
C．Both of them though it was a boring thing.
Passage 5 （2021·贵州黔东南·中考真题）
We usually go to see a doctor when we are ill. Doctors may give us some medicine, and the medicine often makes us feel better.
But sometimes the doctor’s medicine doesn’t work. This happened to one man, Thomas Smith. He was ill in hospital, but he wasn’t getting well. Then he found a new “doctor” inside himself. He saw funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain after half a year. He could have a good night’s rest. His own happy feeling helped him get well. He wrote his story in his book. He said laughing was very useful and it was the best “medicine”.
Another man, Simon Beck, was also ill, and he had a serious pain in hi s back. The doctor couldn’t stop it, so the man began to “picture” his pain. In his head, he drew a picture of a dog. He imagined it to be a real dog. And it was hurting him. Then the man talked softly to the dog. He put his hand on the dog’s head and made friends with it. One year later, his pain went away!
These stories may surprise you, but more and more people are getting well in this way. So call on the “doctor” inside your mind, and keep happy and well!
19．What happened to Thomas Smith?
A．He fell down. B．He was ill in hospital because of his illness.
C．He was in hospital because of his sadness. D．He got well after taking medicine.
20．Where was Thomas Smith’s new “doctor”?
A．In the hospital. B．In his home. C．In his pany. D．In himself.
21．In the second paragraph, what is the best medicine?
A．Films. B．Doctors. C．Dogs. D．Laughing.
22．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Laughing took away Simon Beck’s pain after half a year.
B．Thomas Smith “drew” a picture of a dog in his head.
C．Simon Beck made friends with the dog he imagined.
D．Thomas Smith’s pain went away after one year.
23．This passage mainly tells us we should ________.
A．call on the “doctor” inside our mind, and keep happy and well B．keep a dog at home C．not go to hospital when we are ill D．write a book when the pain goes away
Passage 6 （2021·湖北荆州·中考真题）
24．The reading materials above are two ______.
A．notices B．letters C．ads D．menus 25．To lose weight, Tina ______.
A．eats more meat B．runs every day
C．does nothing D．doesn’t eat breakfast
26．Tina is upset because ______.
A．she has no time to exercise
B．her friends often laugh at her
C．running isn’t helping her lose weight
D．her parents ask her not to lose weight
27．What does Jason think about Tina’s problem?
A．She should stop running.
B．She can take some medicine.
C．She needs to take in more protein.
D．She should pay more attention to her eating.
28．What is Jason’s suggestion at last?
A．Tina should learn to accept herself.
B．Tina may ask more friends for help.
C．Losing weight can make Tina healthy.
D．What other people think is important.
Passage 7 （2021·湖南常德·中考真题）
Moderation（自我调节）
Pay attention to how you lead your life most of the time. A healthy lifestyle is one that doesn’t take extremes （极端）as a way of life. Be moderate in what you do.
Eat well
It is important to pay attention to both what you eat and how you eat. As Socrates said : “ You should eat to live ;not live to eat.” A different diet（饮食）with vegetables and fresh fruits is good for the brain. Also take time off for meals.
Exercise
Students must know the value of exercise because it plays a necessary part in counterbalancing（抵消）the stress（压力）responses produced in our bodies by having to meet exams.
Sleep
Students are getting less and less of sleep which might lead to more stress. The hours of sleep before midnight are thought to be the most helpful. For this reason students must reregulate their body clock and go to bed and get
up at regular time.
Express yourself
The way students feel about their work and other issues in their life plays a huge part in how they deal with stress. It is advisable that students should be realistic whatever happens in their lives.
To sum up, studies are really very important, but never at the expense（代价）of students’ physical and mental wellbeing. Besides, if students feel well they will be ready to face the challenges（挑战）of exams alive and kicking.
29．What food is good for the brain according to paragraph two?
A．Vegetables and fruits. B．Hamburgers and meat. C．Rice and noodles.
30．When is the best time for a student to go to sleep?
A．At 7:00 pm. B．At 10:00 pm. C．At 1:00 am.
31．Where can we most probably read this article?
A．In a tour guide. B．On a web page for tips. C．In a daily newspaper.
32．What’s the best title of the reading?
A．Stress in part of students’ lives
B．A healthy mind in a healthy body
C．Prepare for your exams with a healthy body and mind
Passage 8 （2021·四川达州·中考真题）
With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her vision blurry (视力模糊的), 16yearold Tian Ting went to the hospital with her parents in January. She was shocked when she found out that her eyesight dropped from 5.0 to 4.6 in only a term. “A few of my friends have had the same experience lately,” Tian said.
In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.
To protect students’ eyesight, the Chinese government has worked out new requirements (要求) for school supplies (供应品) and equipments that will take effect (生效) on March 1, 2022. For example, according to the
requirements, the size of text in students’ textbooks should be no smaller than ninepoint. Teachers should also try not to use projectors (投影仪) or other multimedia equipments (多媒体设备) that are too bright, Beijing Daily reported. There are also requirements for desks and classroom lights. For example, these lights should give off (散发) as little blue light as possible.
Blue light is bad for our eyes, as it can kill the photoreceptor cells (光感器细胞) we need for vision, according to Harvard Medical School. Many of the electronic devices we use every day, like our phones and puter screens, give off blue light.
Chinese government has also taken other steps to protect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the National Health mission urged schools to make sure that students have at least two hours of outdoor activity a day. 33．In the first half of 2020, there were ________ of students being shortsighted.
A．0.4 % B．11.4 % C．59.2 % D．70.6 %
34．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．schools use textbooks with the smaller size of text
B．teachers use overbright multimedia equipments
C．students are made sure to have fewer than two hours of outdoor activity a day
D．schools use lights that give off less blue light
35．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．How to protect us from illness. B．How to have outdoor activity.
C．How to use electronic devices. D．How to protect students’ eyesight.
Passage 9 （2021·山东德州·中考真题）
Isn’t fast food delicious? Aren’t fast food restaurants cool? ... The answer to these questions is yes.
However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.
In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)? The first and most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff(员工) are friendly and very smartlooking in their clean and bright uniforms(制服). Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.
Fast food is often so conveniently packed(包装方便) that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it.
Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads(广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.
Such attractive places are selling junk food! Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible, healthy and fresh food?
Well, why not?
As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date. It may happen sooner or later.
Therefore, instead of resisting(抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade(说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could bine(结合) healthy food with their speed of service, delicious tastes and fortable feelings, that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!
36．What does “this” in Paragraph 2 refer t o?
A．Fast food is delicious. B．Fast food restaurants are cool.
C．People enjoy fast food. D．Fast food can cause health problems.
37．Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it’s ________.
A．delicious B．fast
C．healthy D．unhealthy
38．Which word can replace t he word “grab” in Paragraph 3?
A．move suddenly B．get quickly
C．throw quickly D．carry carefully
39．According to the passage, ads about fast food ________.
A．show you all the facts B．don’t tell you the whole truth
C．make it hard to buy fast food D．make fast food restaurants out of date
40．The author advises ________.
A．making the service of fast food faster B．resisting fast food restaurants
C．changing tastes of fast food D．making fast food good for health
Passage 10 （2021·江苏扬州·中考真题）
Is it possible to have a diet（日常饮食）that’s both healthy and friendly to our planet? Here are answers to
your ecofriendly food questions.
Does what I eat influence climate（气候）change?
Yes. The world’s food system is responsible for（为……负责）about one quarter of the planet—warming greenhouse gases that humans produce each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world.
Which foods have the largest influence?
In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein while plant—based foods like beans, rice, corn and wheat have the smallest influence. Pork, chicken, eggs are somewhere in the middle.
Is there a simple food choice I can make?
Studies have shown that people who eat a meat—heavy diet can reduce their food—related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegan diet — no meat, dairy（乳制品）, or eggs. If you don’t want to go that far, just eat less meat.
Can I really make a difference to our planet?
We need more food to feed the world’s growing population. One person alone can make only a tiny difference. If many people make changes to their diets, that will start to add up. It will make a greater difference if the world’s heaviest meat eaters make some changes to their diets.
41．According to the passage, which foods have the smallest influence on our planet?
A．Beef and lamb. B．Rice and corn. C．Chicken and pork. D．Beans and beef.
42．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．One person alone makes no difference to our planet.
B．Shipping food a lover the world has no influence on climate change.
C．All the planet—warming greenhouse gases e from the food system.
D．Meat eaters can reduce their food—related footprint by eating less meat.
43．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to produce more meat B．How to make more plant—based foods
C．How to eat better for the planet D．How to ask eco—friendly food questions。