3章C组D组术语

Case Study
A Chinese exporter exported 500 M/T walnut to a Canadian importer on the basis of USD 4800 per M/T CIF Quebec. As it was a seasonal commodity, the importer required and both parties agreed to stipulate the following in the contract. L/C Issuing Date: to be issued by the end of September. Shipment: Not later than Oct.31, partial shipment and transshipment prohibited. Arrival Date: Not later than Nov.30. Otherwise, the buyer is entitled to refuse the goods. Terms of Payment: Draft at 90T/D under L/C. Due to the weather, the liner arrived at Quebec on Dec.5. Consequently, the importer refused to take the delivery of the cargo unless 20% discount of the total value of the goods was made for the loss incurred to the importer. Discussing Activities: What is the crux of the case?
思考题1

我方某公司与英商签订一笔服装合同。合同按 CIF伦敦即期L/C方式付款，合同和信用证中均 规定不允许分批装运和转船。我方按时将货物 装上直达轮，并凭直达提单在信用证有效期内 向银行议付货款。该轮船中途经过某港时，船 公司为了接载其他货物，擅自将我方服装卸下， 换装其他船舶继续运往伦敦。由于换装的船舶 设备陈旧，该批服装比原定时间晚了2个月到 达。为此，英商向我公司提出索赔，理由是我 方提交的是直达提单，而实际是转船运输，是 弄虚作假行为。问（1）我方应否赔偿？（2） 如何处理？（3）为什么？
International Trade Teage Unpaid
CFR Cost and Freight 成本加运费
CIF Cost Insurance and Freight 成本、保险费加运费
CPT Carriage Paid To
运费付至
CFR（…named port of destination）
1、卖方的义务
1）卖方的责任
A、提供符合合同规定的货物
B、办理出口手续
C、租船订舱 D、按合同规定时间、地点将货物装船 E、迅速发出装船通知
F、移交有关货运单据或数字信息
2）Risk of the Seller = FOB
3）Costs of the Seller
•The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. 如果没有相反的约定，卖方只是负责按 通常条件和惯驶航线，租用适当船舶将 货物运往目的港。

Contract of Insurance The seller also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
（四）FOB、CFR、CIF三者的应用 出口应尽量使用 CIF
进口应尽量使用 FOB
1、三者的比较
相 同 点 不 同 点 1）运输方式相同 3）风险划分相同 2）交货地点相同 4）交货性质相同
1）买卖双方承担的责任不同 2）买卖双方承担的费用不同
2、三者价格的构成 FOB
+F（国外运费）
CFR
+I（国外保险费）
Only
for sea and inland waterway transport Place of delivery Contract of carriage Unloading expenses
CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight （…named port of destination）成本、保险费加运费
Case Study
我国北京A公司拟向美国纽约B公司出口 某商品500000箱，B公司提出按FOB新港条件 成交，而A公司则提出采用FCA北京的条件。 试分析A公司和B公司各自提出上述成交的原 因。
COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT
CIF(…named port of destination) Incoterms® 2010
答案


（1）我方不应赔偿。 （2）应让买方凭直达提单向承运人交涉，凭保险 单向保险公司交涉。 （3）因为按CIF条件成交，买卖双方的风险转移 以船玄为界，货物在装运港越过船玄后的风险应 由买方承担，所以，船方擅自转船造成的损失也 应由买方承担。另外，CIF属象征性交货，只要卖 方按合同规定在装运港将货物装船并提交全套合 格单据，就算完成了交货义务，而无需保证到货。

CIF=CFR + I
•Insurance
Insurance
Coverage保险险别： •minimum coverage
•如合同中未明确规定，卖方只可投保《协会货 物条款》（ICC）或类似条款中最低的保险险别
Insurance Amount保险金额
•如合同中未明确规定，保险金额最少应按货 价另加10%
成本加运费 Cost and freight(…named port of destination)
CFR

Can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel (container goods) The passing point of risk： when the goods are on board the vessel 风险的提前转移
CIF FOB=进货成本价+国内费用+净利润
3、目前实际应用情况
Carriage Paid To （…named place of destination）运费付至 •the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties), •but the seller must contract for and pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.
思考题2
1996年11月，中国上海某公司与意大利 某公司签订20万吨尿素进口合同，单价 为USD169/吨CIF上海，由某欧洲著名银 行保兑的不可撤消信用证付款，合同条 款注明：“货到目的港经中国商品检验 局检验合格后付款，该检验须在货到目 的港后20天内完成。” 试问：该合同是CIF合同性质吗？
CPT :
Carriage Paid To （…named place of destination）运费付至
风险划分的问题
与FOB、CFR完全相同
单据买卖的问题
象征性交货问题
•象征性交货：指卖方只要按期在约定地 点完成装运，并向买方提交合同规定的， 包括物权凭证在内的有关单据，就算完成 了交货义务，而无需保证到货； •实际交货：指卖方要在规定的时间和地 点将符合合同规定的货物提交给买方或其 指定的人，不能以交单代替交货。
Case Study: 某公司按CFR贸易术语与法国马 赛一进口商签订一批抽纱台布出口合同，价值8 万美元。货物于1月8日上午装“昌盛轮”完毕。 业务员当天因经工作繁忙，待到9日上班时才想 起给买方发装船通知。法商收到我装船通知向 当地保险公司申请投保时，该保险公司已获悉 “昌盛轮”已于9日凌晨在海上遇难而拒绝承担。 于是法商立即来电表示该批货物损失应由我进 出口公司承担并同时索赔8000美元，且拒不赎 单。我方钱货两空的教训实值得吸取。

Case Study
我某公司按CIF条件向欧洲某国进口商出口一 批草编制品。合同中规定采用CIF术语，由我方向中 过人民保险公司投保一切险，并采用信用证方式支 付。我出口公司在规定的期限、指定的我国某港口 装船舶完毕，船公司签发了提单，然后在中国银行 议付了款项。第二天，出口公司接到客户来电，称 ：装货的海轮在海上失火，草编制品全部烧毁，并 要求我公司出面向中国人民保险公司提出索赔，否 则要求退回全部货款。我公司该如何处理？
COST AND FREIGHT CFR(…named port of destination) Incoterms®
2010
The
seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.
• All costs before on board + loading
charges + necessary costs and freight to the port of destination
•装船前的一切费用、装船费用、货物从装运 港至目的港的正常运费
Contract and costs of carriage:
CIP Carriage Insurance Paid To
运保费付至
COST AND FREIGHT CFR(…named port of destination) Incoterms®
2010
The
seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered (确保货物已如此装 运). The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
•CIF是一种典型的象征性交货。
Contract and costs of carriage:
•The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. 如果没有相反的约定，卖方只是负责按 通常条件和惯驶航线，租用适当船舶将 货物运往目的港。