高中英语 定语从句素材 补述型定语从句(非限制性定语从句)

２、补述型定语从句
定语从句分为“限定”与“补述”两种。

前述各章节所讨论的是限定型，本章讨论补述型。

顾名思义，补述就是“补充叙述”之意，多见于文章而少见于口语，构成方法与步骤全同于限定型，但仍有相异之处。

补述从句又称“非限定”从句。

2-1、外观
在外观上，把限定从句前后加上逗点，即成为补述从句。

如下：
2-2、关系代名词
限定型关代可用who, whom, which, that。

补述型关代只有
who, whom, which，绝不可用that。

2-3、补述从句的翻译
限定与补述在翻译上略有不同，二者弄混了一般不至引起误解，但偶尔会不妥，还是确定为宜。

1). ( ) Jane, who is dancing there, is his sister.
( ) Jane, that is dancing there, is his sister. 补述从句不可用that。

2). ( ) Mr. Smith, whom you just met, is a teacher.
( ) Mr. Smith, that you just met, is a teacher. 补述从句不可用that。

3). ( ) Vitamins, which are contained in natural foods, are essential.
( ) Vitamins, that are contained in natural foods, are essential. 补述从句不可用that。

限定
关代：who, whom, which, that。

不论限定、补述，与先行词的互动是一样的。

2-4、补述从句里，关代which 究竟指谁
限定从句里which 当然指向前面的先行词。

补述从句里的which 基本也如此，但也可以指向前面的任何名词、短语、甚至整句话，语义可从上下文判断出。

见以下左右对照：
1). We stand when the national anthem is played, which is the custom. [演奏国歌时我们都起立，这是惯例。

]
= We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
= As is the custom, we stand when the national anthem is played. 2). He is absent, which is often the case. [他缺席了，这是常事。

] = He is absent, as is often the case.
= As is often the case, he is absent. 3). He was a foreigner, which I knew from his accent. [他是外国人，我从他口音听出的。

] = He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 这时，as 称为“准关系代名词”。

整个as 引出的补述从句还可调到句首（尤其是 具有周期性质的）。

出题老师很喜爱这个模式。

→
⇩
指前面整句话时，which 可用as 替代
2-5、定语从句总表
定语从句 种类
② 关副引出
关副：when, where, how, why
The reason why she left remains unknown. [她离去的原因仍是个谜。

] ① 关代引出
关代：who, whom, which, that
The book that I want is inexpensive. [我想要的那本书不贵。

] ③ 关形引出
关形：whose
The boy whose bike was stolen is one of my students. [自行车被偷的那小男孩是我的一个学生。

]
定语从句 黄金口诀
② 关系词
先行词决定关系词，人选who ，物选which 。

The pen which I want is good. 先行词pen 是物，关系词选which 。

① 位置
定语从句要修饰哪个名词，就接在那个名词后面。

The pen which I want is good. which I want 修饰pen ，放pen 后面。

③ 名词增减
名词不可任意增减。

用了关系代名词，等于添加一个名词，因此后面对应的
名词就要删除。

（ 千万记住这一条，定语从句学垮的，几乎都是堕入这个陷阱！！！）
定语从句 高级笔法
定语从句以介词结尾时，介词可移至关系词之前，这时关系词只能用whom/which 。

1). ( ) The man who I sold my car t o is Mr. Smith.（口语用who ） 2). ( ) The man whom I sold my car t o is Mr. Smith.（书写用whom ） 3). ( ) The man that I sold my car to is Mr. Smith.
4). ( ) The man to whom I sold my car is Mr. Smith.（高级笔法，介词移位） 5). ( ) The man to who I sold my car is Mr. Smith.（介词移位，不可用who ） 6). ( ) The man to that I sold my car is Mr. Smith.（介词移位，不可用that ）
what 从句源于定语从句。

先行词＋关系词＝what 。

不论什么先行词，也不论哪个关代，只要二者合一就是what ，称为复合关系代名词。

What you do advertises what you are. [你的行事说明了你的为人。

] = The deed that you do advertises the type of person who you are.
what 从句 定语
从句 定语从句
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