2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：30

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
We must look beyond______and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.
问题1选项
A.justifications
B.illusions
C.manifestations
D.specifications
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。

根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。

句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。

2.
单选题
The city tried to stop crime by hiring more police, but that（）did not work.
问题1选项
A.approach
B.application
C.management
D.version 【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

根据句子前后逻辑关系可知，空格处是指前文提及的“雇佣更多警察”一事。

A 选项为“方法；接近”；B选项为“运用；申请”；C选项为“管理”；D选项为“版本；译文”。

根据句意可知，这座城市想通过雇佣更多警察以停止犯罪，但是这方法并不管用。

因此，正确答案为A项。

3.
单选题
The lawyer promised to go to great to defend him.
问题1选项
A.lengths
B.measures
C.efforts
D.endeavors
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语搭配。

A选项lengths n.长度（指距离，时间）；B选项measures n.方法，对策；C选项efforts n.努力；D选项endeavor n.努力，尽力。

go to great lengths 表示“竭尽全力；不遗余力”，因此，正确答案是A项。

句意：律师向他保证会竭尽全力为他辩护。

4.
单选题
On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to（）the sea waves
问题1选项
A.simplify
B.simulate
C.stimulate
D.signify
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项simplify v.简化，使简易；B选项simulate v.模仿，假装，冒充；C选项stimulate v.刺激，鼓舞，激发；D选项signify v.表示，意味着。

句意：在舞台上，许多舞动着的蓝丝绸模拟出了海浪的景象。

根据句意，本题选择B项正确。

5.
单选题
When the Group of Seven was formed in 1920, the artists hoped for recognition of their works and ideas. In the catalog to their first exhibition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference. At a time when Canada was coming into its own, they felt that a major factor in the development of a strong and healthy nation was a vital and relevant art. They hoped that their works would make a significant contribution to the evolution of a truly Canadian art tradition. Therefore, the Group's desire to paint the Canadian landscape lays the genuine conviction that it was the northern landscape that represented and expressed the country's unique character. It was this concept that was to capture the imagination of so many Canadians.
Today there is every indication that the Group has attained its goals. These artists have achieved widespread popular success and acclaim, and their works have been heralded as one of the basic symbols of Canadian culture. They have been honored with exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found one very thing from posters to postage stamps.
As frequently happens with popular trends, there has been a tendency to romanticize the accomplishments of the Group, which has inevitably caused many misconceptions to develop. The most common of these is the popular belief that the Seven were violently criticized in the first Group shows. However, the truth of the matter is that the reviews for these early shows were nearly all favorable.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
2. The author implies that the Group of Seven welcomed adverse criticism because it would （）.
3. The author implies that the members-of the Group of Seven were（）.
4. According to the passage, all of the following were major goals of the Group of Seven EXCEPT（）.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way in which the Group of Seven was honored? 问题1选项
A.The origin of Canadian traditions.
B.The seven symbols of Canada
C.Popular trends in Canadian art.
D.A group of seven Canadian artists.
问题2选项
A.help them to improve as artists.
B.mean that their work was being noticed.
C.increase the market value of their work.
D.gain support for them as victims of unfair criticism.
问题3选项
A.portrait painters
ndscape artists
C.art critics
D.art dealers
问题4选项
A.producing art with the intent of selling it quickly
B.having their work recognized
C.having their ideas about art acceptedD contributing to the growth of a uniquely Canadian art
问题5选项
A.Degrees were conferred on them.
B.Their work was exhibited.
C.Monuments were dedicated to them.
D.They were awarded medals.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

原文主要介绍了加拿大的本土风格的艺术家团体the Group of Seven期望依靠自身努力得到认可，以及介绍他们为加拿大本土文化所作贡献的事迹，而不是讲述加拿大传统的起源或是加拿大艺术的流行趋势，因此，正确答案为D项。

2.细节事实题。

根据原文第一段In the catalog to their first exhibition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference.可知，艺术团体并不担心负面评论，而是担心人们漠视他们的艺术创作。

因此，B 项“意味着他们的创作不被关注和重视”最符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

根据原文第一段Therefore, behind the Group's desire to paint the Canadian landscape lay the genuine conviction that it was the northern landscape that represented and expressed the country's unique character.可知，成员们主要描绘的是Canadian landscape，所以Group of Seven成员是风景画家。

故本题正确答案为B项。

4.推理判断题。

原文中讲述了Group of Seven艺术家们的创作目的，期待人们理解和认可他们的创作理念，并希望他们的作品能够促进加拿大本土艺术的繁荣发展，对本土文化有所贡献。

文中并未提及艺术家们是以快速销售为目的而进行的艺术创作。

因此，本题正确答案是A项。

5.细节事实题。

根据原文第二段They have been honored with exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found on everything from posters to postage stamps.可知，为了进行表彰，这些艺术家的作品被展出，他们也被授予了学位（degree）和颁发了奖章（medal），但并没有树立纪念碑（monument）。

因此，本题正确答案为C项。

6.
单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.
问题1选项
A.schedule of exercise
B.nutritional plan
C.study of longevity
D.medicinal chart
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。

句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。

因此，B项为正确答案。

7.
单选题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newa rd. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, lie notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising
effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward（）.
2. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
3. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Rober Eisenberger?
4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe（）.
5. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1，Para 5) probably refers to（）.
问题1选项
A.the choice between spiritual encouragement
B.the amount of monetary rewards for student's creativity
C.the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D.the effects of external rewards on students performance
问题2选项
A.They have no doubts about them
B.They have doubts about them
C.They approve of them
D.They avoid talking about them
问题3选项
A.Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before
B.Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness
C.Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D.Giving them rewards they anticipate. 问题4选项
A.rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B.punishment is more effective than rewarding
C.failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D.discouraging the student’s anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
问题5选项
A.ways to develop economy
B.systems of rewarding students
C.approaches to solving problems
D.method s of improving performance
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据文章第一句话“Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, aflect motivation and creativity”可知，心理学家对于外部奖励（不论是精神鼓励还是物质奖励）如何影响动机和创造力持对立观点。

因此，心理学家因“外部奖励对学生行为的影响持不同态度”而分成两派。

本题正确答案为D项。

2.推理判断题。

文章第一段介绍了Behaviorists和Cognitive researchers的两种不同观点。

而由文章第二段第一句话The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators.可知，后者的观点，也就是Cognitive researchers获得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。

他们认为奖赏会摧毁创造力。

因此，大多数教育工作者对给予学生的外部奖励持否定态度。

正确答案为B项。

3.推理判断题。

在文章第三段中，the University of Delaware 的Robert Eisenberger 表述了自己对于奖励机制的观点。

他认为如果孩子们知道是为得到奖励而学习，并能专注完成相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造性。

但如果对表现不好的孩子也给予奖励，或者让他们对奖励有过分的期待，那么就很容易扼杀他们的创造力。

因此，只有奖励该得奖励的孩子，才能发挥其创造性，正确答案为 C项。

4.推理判断题。

题干：大学正试图严格评分标准是因为他们认为什么？由文章第四段As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.可知，重点大学加强分级标准是因为“the latter point”，也就是第三
段中提及的it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards这一观点，因此A项符合题意。

5.考查词汇题。

分析token economies后的定语从句in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity.可知，在这种机制下，学生能解决富有挑战性的任务并且获得奖励，这将有望提高学生的努力度和创造性。

因此，本题正确答案为B项“奖励学生的机制”。

8.
单选题
We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.
问题1选项
A.which
B.when
C.that
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area，故D项符合正确答案。

句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。

9.
单选题
Such euphemisms may be stylistically "permissible'" if they are kept within .
问题1选项
A.boundaries
B.ranges
C.borders
D.limits
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项boundaries n.界限，分界线，边界；B选项ranges n.里程，范围；C选项borders n.边界，边缘地区；D选项limits n.范围，限制，领土。

句意：这样的委婉用法在文体结构上是可以的，但前提是要在有限范围内使用。

根据句意可知，D项符合题意。

因此，D项是正确答案。

10.
单选题
Chris told us to hand in
our term paper next Monday.
问题1选项
A.to write our paper by hand
B.to submit
C.to correct
D.to proof-read
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。

题目中hand in表示“提交，递交；呈送；上交”，A选项为“手写论文”；B选项为“提交；呈送”；C选项为“改正”；D选项表示“校对”。

句意：克丽丝告诉我们，下周一要交学期论文。

因此，根据句意可知正确答案是B选项。

11.
单选题
The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a key test for these rival instances.
问题1选项
A.doctrines
B.heresies
C.examples
D.debates
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。

句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。

因此，C选项正确。

12.
单选题
Even when textbooks are ______through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly. 问题1选项
monplace
B.standardized
petitive
D.generalized
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。

根据Even可知空格与vary greatly的意思相反，因此选B。

句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

13.
单选题
Please（）those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the room.
问题1选项
A.dispose out
B.dispose of
C.dispose away
D.dispose in
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组搭配。

A选项dispose out非短语搭配；B选项dispose of处理，转让，卖掉；C选项dispose away 非短语搭配；D选项dispose in非短语搭配。

因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合题意。

句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。

14.
单选题
All individuals are required to______to the laws made by their governments.
问题1选项
A.abide
B.conform
C.concede
D.observe
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。

根据the laws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。

句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。

15.
单选题
After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, ______ that his time had been well spent.
问题1选项
A.persuaded
B.convinced
C.noticed
D.promised
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convin ce“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。

根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。

句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。