高考英语语法专题分析倒装句(考点分析+精讲精练)

高考英语语法专题分析
一．倒装考点总汇
1.考查never置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案分别为BA)
(1)Never in my wildest dreams______these people are living in such poor conditions
A.I could imagine
B.could I imagine
C.I couldn’t imagine
D.couldn’t I imagine
(2)Never before_____in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A.has this city been
B.this city has been
C.was this city
D.this city was
2.考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案分别为DD)
(1)Little______that we were watching his every move,so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.(安徽卷)
A.he realized
B.he didn’t realize
C.didn’t he realize
D.did he realize
(2)They have a good knowledge of English but little_____they know about German
A.have
B.did
C.had
D.do
3.考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案分别为BA)
(1)Seldom______any apology when mistakes are made.
A.we receive
B.do we receive
C.we received
D.did we receive
(2)Seldom______an article that was so full of lies.
A.have I read
B.I have read
C.had I read
D.I had read
4.考查hardly/scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly,scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)如：(答案A)
Hardly______Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A.had they reached
B.they had reached
C.have the reached
D.they have reached
5.考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner,no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案分别为AC)
(1)—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No,no sooner_______than it happened.(天津卷)
A.had she gone
B.she had gone没
C.has she gone
D.she has gone
(2)No sooner______mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A.have I started
B.I have started
C.had I started
D.I had started
6.考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为A) Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else_____such a beautiful place.
A.can you find
B.you could find
C.you can find
D.could you find
7.考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no means,on no accounts,in no case,at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为D)
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means______with my progress.
A.the teacher is not satisfied
B.is the teacher not satisfied
C.the teacher is satisfied
D.is the teacher satisfied
8.考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为B)
_____snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought
B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they
D.Not only they did bring
9.考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为B)
Not until I began to work_____how much time I had wasted.
A.didn't I realize
B.did I realize
C.I didn't realize
D.I realized
10.考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为DA)
(1)Only then______how much damage had been caused.
A.she realized
B.she had realized
C.had she realized
D.did she realize
(2)_____by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A.Only
B.Just
C.Still
D.Yet
11.考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。

如：(答案为BB)
(1)______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A.So successful her business was
B.So successful was her business
C.So her business was successful
D.So was her successful business
(2)So difficult______it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A.I did find
B.did I find
C.I have found
D.have I found
12.考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。

如：(答案为CA)
(1)—My room gets very cold at night.
—______.
A.So is mine
B.So mine is
C.So does mine
D.So mine does
(2)—It’s burning hot today,isn’t it?
—Yes.______yesterday.
A.So was it
B.So it was
C.So it is
D.So is it
13.考查类似“nor/neither do I”结构的倒装
nor[neither]do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。

如：(答案为B)
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,______.
A.he will either
B.neither will he
C.he neither will
D.either he will
二．巧解倒装句
英语中的倒装可分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。

句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。

因此，熟记具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。

A.全部倒装
将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为全部倒装。

常见的有：
1.用于“there（here，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以in,out,down,up,away等副词开头的句子里，以示强调。

例如：
There goes the bell.铃响了。

Here comes the bus.车来了。

Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。

Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.那个男孩手里拿着一个苹果冲出去了。

【考例】For a moment nothing happened.Then______all shouting together.
A.voices had come
B.came voices
C.voices would come
D.did voices come
【解析】B。

副词then位于句首时，句子应使用全部倒装语序，将动词直接移到主语前面。

注意：当句子的主语是人称代词时，尽管副词位于句首，主谓语序不倒装。

例如：
Out they rushed.他们冲出去了。

Here he comes.他来了。

2.表示方位意义的介词短语或副词短语位于句首作状语且谓语动词为be或表示“位于、存在”的动词或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时。

例如：
From the valley came a frightening sound.从山谷传来吓人的声音。

South of the city lies a chemical factory.城南有一家化工厂。

【考例】①At the foot of the mountain___________.
A.a village lie
B.lies a village
C.does a village lie
D.lying a village
【解析】B。

At the foot of the mountain是表示方位意义的介词短语，位于句首时，句子要使用全部倒装语序。

②In the dark forest_______,some large enough to hold several English towns.
A.stand many lakes
B.lie many lakes
C.many lakes lie
D.many lakes stand
【解析】B。

In the dark forest是表示方位意义的介词短语，位于句首时，句子要使用全部倒装语序。

3.作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语放在句首时。

例如：
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.他们想对中国人怎样就怎样的日子一去不复返了。

Such is her wish.这就是她的愿望。

Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授和许多其他客人。

【考例】is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
A.Such
B.This
C.That
D.So
【解析】A。

such在句中作表语，位于句首时，应使用全部倒装语序。

B.部分倒装
将谓语的一部分（即情态动词、系动词或助动词）提到主语前的称部分倒装。

如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词，谓语只是一个实义动词，要在主语前加助动词do,does或did，主语后的实义动词用原形。

常见的有：
1.当“so(such)…that…”结构中的so或such位于句首时，构成部分倒装句。

【考例】①So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A.did the attack
B.the attack did
C.was the attack
D.the attack was
【解析】C。

so…that…结构中的so位于句首时，构成部分倒装句，本句中attack是名词，故A项错误。

②—Did you see who the driver was?
—No,so quickly_________that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.
A.did the car speed by
B.the car sped by
C.does the car speed by
D.the car speeds by
【解析】A。

so…that…结构中的so位于句首时，构成部分倒装句。

根据时间关系，应选用过去时，故选A。

2.由so，neither，nor开头的句子，表示重复前面句子的部分意思（肯定用so，否定用neither或nor），但前后两句的主语不同，该替代句式要部分倒装。

【考例】①If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,_______.
A.he will either
B.neither will he
C.he neither will
D.either he will
【解析】B。

条件状语从句中表示否定意义，主句重复前面句子的部分意思，否定用neither或nor。

②—My room gets very cold at night.
—___________.
A.So is mine
B.So mine is
C.So does mine
D.So mine does
【解析】C。

重复前面句子的部分意思，肯定用so。

并且前一句中使用了实义动词，故用助动词代替。

③Mary never does any reading in the evening,_________.
A.so does John
B.John does so
C.John doesn’t too
D.nor does John
【解析】D。

前面句子中表示否定意义，后面句子重复前面句子的部分意思，否定用neither或nor。

3.当具有否定意义的词或词组（no,not,never,nowhere,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,little,by no means, in no case/way,at no time等）位于句首时，要用部分倒装，这是近年来高考测试的热点。

【考例】①Little_______about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.
A.did Rose care
B.Rose did care
C.Rose does care
D.does Rose care
【解析】A。

Little是含有否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装语序；结合状语从句的时态和整个句子的意思可知，应使用过去时态，故选择A项。

②—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super!Rarely_________so much media attention.
A.a debate attracted
B.did a debate attract
C.a debate did attract
D.attracted a debate
【解析】B。

Rarely是含有否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装语序。

③I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means_______with my progress.
A.the teacher is not satisfied
B.is the teacher not satisfied
C.the teacher is satisfied
D.is the teacher satisfied
【解析】D。

by no means是含有否定意义的词组，位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装语序。

4.某些连词，如not only…but(also)…,hardly…when…,no sooner…than…等开头连接句子时，第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装。

【考例】①The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only_______,but students became more interested in the lessons.
A.saved was teachers’energy
B.was teachers’energy saved
C.teachers’energy was saved
D.was saved teachers’energy
【解析】B。

not only…but(also)…连接句子时，第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装。

②－Did Linda see the traffic accident?
－No,no sooner than it happened.
A.had she gone
B.she had gone
C.has she gone
D.she has gone
【解析】A。

no sooner…than…连接句子时，第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装，并且该结构的动词时态非常固定，no sooner后面用过去完成时，than后面用一般过去时。

注意：not until引导的从句位于句首时，not until的从句不倒装，主句倒装。

③Not until I came home last night________to bed.
A.Mum did go
B.did Mum go
C.went Mum
D.Mum went
【解析】B。

not until引导的从句位于句首时，not until的从句不倒装，主句使用部分倒装语序。

5.only位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，要用部分倒装。

注意：only修饰状语从句时，主句中倒装，从句中不倒装；only修饰主语时，则不用倒装语序。

【考例】①Only then___________how much damage had been caused.
A.she realized
B.she had realized
C.had she realized
D.did she realize
【解析】D。

only位于句首，修饰副词时，要用部分倒装语序。

then是过去时的时间标志词，故排除C 项。

②_________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A.Only
B.Just
C.Still
D.Yet
【解析】A。

only位于句首，修饰介词短语时，要用部分倒装语序。

从后面的部分倒装语序可知，应使用only。

③Only after my friend came_________.
A.did the computer repair
B.he repaired the computer
C.was the computer repaired
D.the computer was repaired
【解析】C。

only位于句首，修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序。

计算机应该是“被修理”，故使用被动语态。

6.当if引导的从句用虚拟语气时，可以把if省去，把从句中的were，had，should等放在从句前面，构成部分倒装。

【考例】①________fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be
D.Might you be
【解析】B。

根据句意可知，前面应该是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，构成是should+v.或were to+v.。

省略if后要使用部分倒装语序。

只有B项符合要求。

②What would have happened_______,as far as the river bank?
A.Bob had walked farther
B.if Bob should walk farther
C.had bob walked farther
D.if Bob walked farther
【解析】C。

根据句意可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的复合句，期构成是：条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中用would/could/should…+完成时。

省略if后使用部分倒装语序，只有C 项符合。

7.当as/though引导让步状语从句时，可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+as+主语+动词”或“动词+as+主语+助动词”的倒装形式。

当表语是名词时，名词前不加任何冠词。

例如：
Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他懂得很多。

Try as he would,he might fail again.尽管他努力尝试了，他还可能失败。

【考例】①Unsatisfied_________with the payment,he took the job just to got some work experience.
A.though was he
B.though he was
C.he was though
D.was he though
【解析】B。

though此处引导让步状语从句，分词可放在though的前面，此时主谓不倒装。

②_______,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
【解析】D。

as引导让步状语从句时，应使用“名词/形容词/副词/分词+as+主语+动词”的倒装形式。

故D项正确。

③_________,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A.A quiet student as he may be
B.Quiet student as he may be
C.Be a quiet student as he may
D.Quiet as he may be a student
【解析】B。

as/though引导让步状语从句时，可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+as+主语+动词”的倒装形式。

当表语是名词时，名词前不加任何冠词。

故A项错误。

④_______,Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A.Try as she might
B.As she might try
C.She might as try
D.Might she as try
【解析】A。

as/though引导让步状语从句时，可出现“动词+as+主语+助动词”的倒装形式。

8.当however,no matter how引导让步状语从句时，常把“however/no matter how+形容词/副词”放在句首，此时主谓不倒装。

【考例】You should try to get a good night’s sleep much work you have to do.
A.however
B.no matter
C.although
D.whatever
【解析】A。

however引导让步状语从句时，常把“however+形容词/副词”放在句首，此时主谓不倒装。