经济学导论case study讲解

Answer the following questions in relation to WJE

1 Economics revolves around the nature of choice and the availability of Resources. With reference to WJE’s current situation, explain what is meant by the term ‘the basic (central) economic problem’.

经济学围绕所选择的性质和资源的可用性。参考Wje的现状，解释什么是“基本经济问题”。

回答：在这里涉及到基本经济问题中的两种，一种是稀缺资源，另一种是选择。稀缺资源：定义（看书）+ 文章中的例子（金钱，材料等等具体说出来）；选择：定义（看书）+ 文中的例子

（在introduce a new model和upgrade the Tiger2 at a modest cost中选一个）

（对于公司和个人来说做选择的目的不一样）

2 In relation to WJE’s current situation explain what is meant by the term opportunity cost. 在关系到Wje现状的解释什么是短期机会成本。

回答：机会成本的定义（书上）+联系例子

（文中选择了introduce a new model，因此文中的机会成本便是upgrade the Tiger2 at a modest cost）

3 Figure 1 shows the demand and supply curves for performance sports cars similar to those offered by WJE. The quantity demanded is illustrated by line D, and the quantity firms are prepared to supply is illustrated by line S.

图1显示性能跑车所提供的类似的需求和供给曲线Wje。需求量是由线D所示，和公司准备供给的数量说明是线S Figure 1 —World Market for Performance Sports Cars Quantity Demanded and Supplied

(a) In figure 1 identify which curve would best depict the likely outcome for each of the following situations. 在图1中确定的曲线将最好的描述下列情况的可能的结果。

(i)New legislation significantly increases safety requirements,

requiring a substantial and expensive redesign of sports cars. 新的立法，大大增加了安全性的要求，需要大

量昂贵的跑车设计。

回答：S1

原因：新的政策要求导致厂家重新生产，生产费用（成本）增加，对于现有的市场价格来说，利润降低，供应量会减少，因此供给降低为S1

(ii)The launch of a successful television programmer which features performance sports cars. 一个成功的电视节目的功能性能跑车的推出。

回答：D1

原因：一个成功的电视节目等于一个好的广告，这可以吸引更多的顾客，从而就是需求变大了

(iii) A significant technological advancement in the manufacture ofcarbon fibre as used in WJE’s cars, which will reduce material costs by 25%. 在制造碳纤维用Wje汽车的一个重大的技术进步，这将减少25%的材料成本。

回答：S2

原因：材料成本减少就是生产成本减少，这样会使厂家在同样的资金下生产出更多的车，对于现有的市场价格来说，利润增加，从而增加供给量

(iii)Research uncovers greatly increased risks of serious injury in accidents involving sports cars. 研究发现的风险大大增加严重损伤涉及跑车事故。

回答：D2

原因：因为许多人买车会把安全性放在第一位，这个调查一出会是很多人对买跑车犹豫，也会让跑车的替代品需求量增加，因此人们对跑车的总的需求量就减少了

(b) For each situation in part (a), indicate whether your selected curve represents an increase or decrease in demand, or an increase or decrease in supply at every possible price in the market. 在每个部分的情况（一），说明您的选择的曲线表示需求的增加或减少，或增加或减少在供应市场中的所有可能的价格。

(I) Decrease in supply, the supply move to the left. (II) Increase in demand, the demand move to the right (III) Increase in supply, the supply move to the right (IV) Decrease in demand, the demand move to the left

4 Using the demand and supply figures for the Puma contained in Table 1, construct a suitably labelled demand and supply diagram, and clearly identify the equilibrium price and quantity. 使用包含在需求和供应的数字