高中英语 词汇详解(Module5 Ethnic Culture)教学素材 外研版选修7

知识感悟
一、词汇详解
1 minority n.少数；少数民族；少数派(票)
【典型例句】
The Chinese nation includes more than 50 national minorities besides the Hans.中华民族除汉族外，还有五十多个少数民族。

They are in the minority.他们是少数派。

【相关链接】
minor n.未成年人
adj.较小的;次要的;二流的;未成年的。

例如：
a minor accident 一场小事故
2.native adj.出生地的；本土的；天生的
n.本地人；本国人；土著
【典型例句】
He was happy to return to his native land.
他回到了故乡，很高兴。

English is not my native language.
英语不是我的本族语言。

Native salt is refined for use.
自然盐精炼以供食用。

The panda is a native of west China.
熊猫是中国西部的动物。

The professor set to study the habits of the natives.
教授着手研究当地居民的生活习惯。

【相关链接】
native to土产的；原产于
3.run v.跑；行驶；运转；经营
【典型例句】
He is a man who runs ahead of the time.
他是跑在时间前面的人。

A car ran by at a great speed.
汽车以极快的速度行驶。

The machine has been mended and runs very well.
机器修好了，运转得很好。

Tears ran down from her eyes.
泪水自她脸上流下。

How fast the years have run by! 时间过得真快!
My father ran a camera store last year.
我父亲去年管理照相器材商店。

【相关链接】
(1)run away,run after,run through 意义辨析：
run away 意为“逃走；逃跑；溜掉”等。

run after 意为“追赶；追逐；寻找；搜寻”等。

run through 意为“穿过；流过”等。

(2)run out of,run out 辨析：
run out of表示“某人用完某物”，相当于及物动词，后面可接宾语，并可用于进行时。

例如：We are running out of fuel.我们的燃料快用完了。

run out指“某物用完了”，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。

4.in use 被使用中
【典型例句】
The new version of this dictionary is not in use yet.
这本字典的新版本还未通行。

Vacuum cleaners are in common use.
真空吸尘器正被普遍使用。

Seriously damaged,the bridge is no longer in use.
因受到严重损坏，这座桥不再使用了。

【相关链接】
(1)be used for...意为“被当作……”,其中use 表“使用”，是被动语态形式。

例如：
The seal’s fur can be used for coats.
海豹皮可当作大衣用。

(2)be of use意为“有用的”，其中use 是名词，可用形容词来修饰。

例如：
The dictionary is of great use to the students.
这本字典对学生们很有用。

(3)be in use意为“在使用”，其中use 也是名词；
make use of sth.意为“利用，使用某物”；use up用光。

5.opposite prep.在……对面
adj.&adv.对面的（地）；相反的（地）
n. 对立物
【典型例句】
I sat opposite to him during the meal.
吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。

They don’t live on this side of the road,they live opposite.
他们不住在马路这边，他们住在那边。

They were walking in opposite ways.
他们向相反的方向走着。

Hot and cold are opposites.热和冷是一对反义词。

【相关链接】
be opposite to 与……相反的。

6.particularly adv.特别地;尤其是
【典型例句】
This book is particularly useful for middle school students.
这本书对中学生尤其实用。

He read the story with great interest.
他怀着极大的兴趣读了这个故事。

I have many hobbies;particularly I like to collect stamps.
我有许多业余爱好，尤其喜欢集邮。

【相关链接】
(1)(be)particular about 讲究；挑剔(吃,穿)
in particular(=especially)特别是；尤其
(2)particularly,especially,specially 辨析：
particularly 可以与especially，specially 通用，但更强调专门地，与众不同。

例如：I came here especially to say goodbye to you.
我是专程来向你道别的。

She likes the country,particularly/especially in spring.
她喜欢那个国家，尤其是在春天。

7.set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托
【典型例句】
He suggested setting off for town in the early morning.
他建议一清早就动身进城。

The fire in the engine sets off a series of explosions.
引擎中的火花引起一连串的爆炸。

His advice set me off doing morning exercises every day.
他的劝告使我开始每天做早操了。

【相关链接】
set about 着手，开始做
set back 拨回；使回转；使后退；耽搁
set down 使坐下;把……放下；写下；制定(规划、原则等)。

set out 启程；出发；布置；安排;陈述；打算；试图
set up 竖立；升起；建造；提议;引起；树立
me adj.跛的；瘸的；不能令人满意的；拙劣的；微弱的
【典型例句】
He is lame in the right foot.
他右腿跛了。

He walks with a stick because he is lame.
他走路拄拐棍，因为他是个瘸子。

He gave a lame excuse for being late.
他说了个站不住脚的理由解释他迟到的原因。

Lies are always lame.谎言总是无说服力的。

【相关链接】
(1)blind adj.瞎的；盲目的。

例如：
He is blind in the left eye.他的左眼是瞎的。

(2)deaf adj.聋的
She is deaf in(or of) one ear.她一只耳朵是聋的。

9.firm adj.坚定的;坚决的;结实的;牢固的
【典型例句】
If we stand firm,I firmly believe we shall succeed.
如果我们坚定不移，我坚信我们会成功。

【知识小结】
在固定结构中，firm可用作副词，如：stand/hold firm 。

【相关链接】
firm,steady 辨析：(1)firm 常译为“坚固的，坚决的”，表示具体的事物地位牢固不易动摇；也可表示意志、的“坚定”。

(2)steady则意为“稳固的，扎实的”，强调保持平衡不动摇，如指有形物，则指根基的稳固；也可用于指运动中的平稳。

例如：
It is hard to hold a steady position on the beam.
在平衡木上保持平衡是很困难的。

10.fasten v.使牢固；使固定；系住
【典型例句】
We use buttons to fasten our clothes.我们用纽扣把衣服扣好。

Have you fastened all the doors and windows?
你把所有的门窗关牢了没有？
【相关链接】
fasten,tie 辨析：
fasten意为“拴住、捆牢、扎紧”，常用作及物动词。

(用于fasten...to...结构时，可以与tie互换，但语气上fasten比tie重。

)
tie意为“系，栓，扎”，常用作及物动词，后接其同源宾语tie,knot等；用作不及物动词时，意为“打领带，打领结”。

11.fold v.折叠；叠起；折起
【典型例句】
I folded the letter(up)and then put it into the envelope.
我把信折好后放进信封。

She folded the newspaper into four.
她把报纸折成了四折。

The cat folded its tail round its front feet.
猫把尾巴弯到前腿。

The farmer folded the seeds in a piece of paper.
农民用纸把那些种子包起来。

12.adjust v.调整；调节；校准；校对
【典型例句】
He soon adjusted to army life.
他很快就适应了生活。

The body adjusts itself to changes of temperature.
身体会自行适应温度的变化。

You must adjust yourself to new conditions.
你必须使自己适应新的环境。

【知识归纳】
adjust(oneself)to...使(自己)适应(新环境等),to为介词。

13.furnish v.布置家具；配备家具
【典型例句】
She rents a furnished flat.
她租了一套备有家具的单元房。

The room was furnished with the simplest essentials,a bed,a chair,and a table.
房间里只布置了最简单的必需品,一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。

They furnished the villagers with supplies.
他们供给村民必需品。

【要点归纳】
be furnished with 备有；安装有；陈设有
furnish sb. with sth. 供给某人某物
furnish sth.to sb. 供给某人某物
【相关链接】
furniture n.家具；家具总称(不可数名词)
a piece of furniture 一套家具
14.bareadj.赤裸的;无遮蔽的;仅仅的;勉强的
【典型例句】
The trees are quite bare in winter.
冬天树木光秃秃的。

Don’t lie in the sun with your head bare.
不要光着头躺在阳光下。

The baby is bare.
那婴儿光着身子。

The room is bare of furniture.
这个房间里没有家具。

He lived in a little bare house.他住在装饰简单的小屋里。

【相关链接】
bare one’s heart(thoughts)表露真情；说真心话
15.make up 编造；虚构；想出
【典型例句】
Their father is good at making up bed time stories.
他们的父亲很擅长睡觉前编些故事给他们听。

【相关链接】
(1)make up 还可表示“构成；组成；和解；化装；弥补；配制；包扎”。

例如：By hard work they made up the loss of time.
凭着努力工作,他们弥补了失去的时间。

(2)由make 构成的短语
be made of 由……制成(能看得出材料)
be made from 由……制成(看不出材料)
make up for 弥补
make it办成;做到;成功；赶上;及时达到
make of 理解;推断
make away/off(急忙)离去；逃走
二、句型剖析
as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况
【典型例句】
You look as if you didn’t care.你看上去好像并不在乎。

He talks as if he knew where she was.
他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。

The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。

He opens his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。

It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。

【知识归纳】
当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。

(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。

(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。

三、语法解读
(一)动词的过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。

例如：
When asked why he came here,the boy kept silent.
当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。

Born and brought up in the countryside,he was interested in biology.
由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

(如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的主格结构。

)
2.过去分词和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while 来强调时间概念。

如：Seen from the top of the hill,the city looked like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

Accepted by the Party,he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入以后，他决定献身于的事业。

(2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

如：
Deeply moved by the story,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

Encouraged by the speech,the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来加入斗争。

(3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if 等词。

如：
Compared with your brother,you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力地学习英语。

If heated,water can be turned into steam.
水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

(4)表让步，相当于一个though/although 引导的让步状语从句。

如：
Exhausted by the running,they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

(5)表方式或伴随情况。

例如：
The old man went into the room,supported by his wife.
那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

Seated at the table,my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

3.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间是主动关系。

例如：
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

(2)过去分词作状语时，句子主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。

例如：
Given another chance he will do better.
再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

试比较下列句子的用法：
Not knowing his phone number,I wrote him a letter.(表示原因)
由于不知道他的电话号码，我给他写了一封信。

(二)短语动词
短语动词是“动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词”的惯用组合。

例如：
Turn off the radio.把收音机关上。

(turn off是短语动词)
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：
(1)动词+副词，如：black out
(2)动词+介词，如：look into
(3)动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to
构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。

例如：
get at 到达某处，接近某人get away with 受到从轻发落get by 维持生计get down 沮丧get off 下(车、船、飞机) get on 进展，联系get out of 逃避get over 解决，克服，控制，从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态get through 完成某事get up 起床get up to 做(坏事) amount to(等于) apply to(运用于，应用) object to(反对) resort to(采取）take to(着手;开始) see to(留意) admit to(承认) lose one’s heart to(专心致志于) turn one’s attention to(把注意力转到)
活学巧用
翻译
(1)英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。

______________________________________________________________________________
(2)那个国家在少数民族的国籍问题上仍有争论。

______________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)Only a minority of British households do not have a car.
(2)The nationality of the minority groups in that country is still at issue.
翻译
(1)这是我的祖国，我要用自己的生命保卫她!
______________________________________________________________________________.
答案：This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life!
选择
(2) _________Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three worlds.
A.Nature
B.Natives
C.Natural
D.Native
提示：“本土的，出生地的”用native。

答案：D 选择
(1)Don’t leave the water_________ while you brush your teeth.
A.run
B.running
C.being run
D.to run
提示:本题考查非谓语动词，作宾语补足语。

根据语境选B项。

答案：B
选词填空
run into/run after/run away/run out of
（2）Look!The dog is _________a rabbit.
（3）He is lucky enough to_________from a fire.
（4）As soon as the students heard the bell,they _________the classroom.
（5）We are _________the fuel.
答案：(2)running after （3）run away （4）ran into（5）running out of
选择
(1)Paper money was in________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.
A.the;/
B.the;the
C./;the
D./;/
提示：in use(被使用中)和in the...century(在……世纪)都是固定用法，注意记忆。

答案：C
完成句子
(2)By then he had _________ _________all his savings.(到那时，他的存款已全部用完。

)
(3)We must_________ _________ _________ _________time to study.(我们必须充分利用时间来学习。

)
(4)The laboratory _________ _________ _________until three o’clock.(实验室一直到3点钟都有人使用。

)
答案：(2)used up (3)make full use of (4)is in use
翻译
(1)北是南的反方向。

______________________________________________________________________________
(2)Give the opposites of the following words.
______________________________________________________________________________
(3)Their opinion is entirely opposite to ours.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)North is the opposite direction to south.
(2)写出下列单词的反义词。

(3)他们的意见和我们的完全相反。

选择
(1)I have nothing _________to tell you this afternoon.
A.special
B.particular
C.especial
D.particularly
提示：句意为“我没有什么要专门告诉你的”。

形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。

答案：B
（2）She does well in all the subjects, _________in English.
A.particular
B.special
C.especially
D.specially
提示：尤其是英语特别得好，especially符合句意。

答案：C
（3）I enjoyed the evening,but the meal was not_________good.
A.particularly
B.unexpectedly
C.instantly
D.obviously
提示：本句话肯定晚会过得好，但饭菜却并不是很好。

particularly相对于very,quite。

答案：A
选择
(1)It’s ten years since the scientist_________on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A.made for
B.set out
C.took off
D.turned up
提示：本题考查动词短语辨析。

make for 走向，有利于，袭击；set out 出发，开始；take off 脱下，起飞；turn up 出现，露面；根据语境，选B项较合适。

答案：B
（2）A new school was_________in the village last year.
A.held up
B.set up
C.sent up
D.brought up
提示：hold up举起展示，举起来；提出(作榜样)；使停滞；拦路抢劫；set up竖起；建起；send up使……上升； bring up养育；提出；教养。

选项B符合句意。

答案：B
选择
(1)I don’t know whether you happen _________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.
A.to be heard
B.to be hearing
C.to hear
D.to have heard
提示：happen to表“恰巧、碰巧”。

因为you和hear是主谓关系，所以首先排除A项。

动词不定式的一般时和进行时都表动作将要发生，此处不合语意。

其完成时表动作(hear)已经发生，对现在的影响就是“是否已知道”此事。

答案：D
翻译
(2)出事后他的左腿瘸了。

______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The accident made him lame,in the left leg.
翻译
(1)这块湿地不够坚实，不能在上面走。

______________________________________________________________________________
(2)她喜欢他结实的肩膀。

______________________________________________________________________________（3）老师很坚决，他不改变主意。

______________________________________________________________________________
（4）你必须脚踏实地。

______________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on.
(2)She admired the firm set of his shoulders. (3)The teacher was firm and didn’t change his mind.
(4)You must always build on firm ground.
翻译
(1)中国必须加快发展步伐以与其他国家竞争国际市场。

______________________________________________________________________________
(2)请各位系好安全带。

______________________________________________________________________________（3）这手提包的口合不来。

______________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)China must fasten its steps of self development to compete with other countries for world markets.
(2)You’re kindly requested to fasten your seat belts.
(3)The handbag won’t fasten properly.
完成句子
(1)The granny _________ (把生病的孩子紧抱在怀里) and murmured gently.
(2) _________a piece of paper_________ the flowers.(用一张纸把花包起来。

)
答案：(1)folded the sick child in her arms
(2)Fold;round
选择
My camera can be _________to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A.treated
B.adopted
C.adjusted
D.remedied
提示：adjust强调,调节,使适应。

本句中adjust是及物动词。

答案：C
选择
(1)The new house has not been_________yet.
A.equipped
B.provided
C.furnished
D.supplied
提示：根据句意“新房子还没有配置家具”，选C项。

答案：C
（2）We thought of selling the old_________，but we’ve decided to hold on to it.It might be valuable.
A.furniture
B.furnitures
C.furnish
D.furnished
提示：此处考查名词，“家具”为不可数名词。

答案：A
翻译
(1)You can reflect yourself on the bare floor.
______________________________________________________________________________
(2)He bared his sword and threatended me.
______________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)光地板上能照出你的影子来。

(2)他拔出了剑并威胁我。

选词填空
of/from/into/up/up of
(1)Flour is made _________wheat.
(2)Glass can be made _________bottles.
(3)Life is madeboth sweetness and sorrow.
(4)Nearly everything inside the room is made_________bamboo.
(5)They make milk_________butter and cheese.
(6)Don’t believe him,he is only making _________stories.
答案：(1)from (2)into (3)up of (4)of (5)into (6)up
选择
(1)He closed his eyes_________he were asleep.
A.even if
B.as if
C.even though
D.though
提示：他闭着眼好像是睡着了。

答案：B
完成句子
(2)这位老师爱自己的学生就像他们是他自己的孩子。

The teacher loves his students_________ _________ _________ _________his own children.
(3)她说起话来就好像她去过美国似的。

(实际上没去过)
She spoke _________ _________she _________ _________to America.
(4)我母亲闭上眼睛好像她很疲劳。

My mother closed her eyes_________ _________she _________too tired.
答案：(2)as if/though they were
(3)as if/though,had been
(4)as if/though,was
选择
(1) _________as the“First Lady of Speech”,Dr. Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A.Knowing
B.Having known
C.Known
D.To be known
提示:known为过去分词转化而来的形容词,意为“知名的,大家知道的”,known as...“以……知名,被公认为”。

答案：C
(2)He fell asleep, _________with all this hard training.
A.worn
B.worn out
C.wear
D.worn away
提示：worn out(鞋)穿破了；筋疲力尽。

答案：B
(3) _________more attention,the tree could have grown better.
A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given
提示：过去分词短语given...在句中作条件状语。

答案：A (4) _________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting
B.Attracted
C.To be attracted
D.Having attracted
提示：根据by 可以判断要用被动形式。

答案：B
(5) _________who she was,she said she was Mr.Johnson’s friend .
A.Asking
B.Asked
C.To be asked
D.When asking
提示:分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语(she)之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。

答案：B
(6)And there,almost_________in the big chair,sat her little brother,who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A.having lost
B.losing
C.to be lost
D.lost
提示:be lost in是固定短语，意为“陷入……之中”。

变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost。

答案：D
(7)The dog, _________,will be made a good watchdog.
A.to train properly
B.being trained properly
C.properly to train
D.trained properly
提示:过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。

watchdog看门狗。

答案：D
(8)My cousin came to see me from the country, _________me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A.brought
B.bringing
C.to bring
D.had brought
提示:动词ing短语形式作状语，表示主动，即表示句子的主语所做的事。

根据句意可判断我的表兄弟给我带来了一满篮子水果，所以要用动词ing形式作状语。

答案：B
(9)Though her parents _________her musical ability，Jerrilou’s piano playing is really terrible.
A.pour scorn on
B.heap praise upon
C.give vent to
D.cast light upon
提示：heap praise upon大加赞扬。

句意：尽管杰丽欧的父母对她的音乐才能大加赞扬，但她钢琴弹得实在
太差。

答案:B
(10)The match was cancelled because most of the members_________a match without a standard court.
A.objected to having
B.were objected to have
C.objected to have
D.were objected to having
提示:object to doing sth.是固定搭配，其中to为介词，意思是“反对(做)……”。

句意：比赛取消了，因为大多数人反对在没有标准球场的情况下举行比赛。

答案：A
课文浓缩
下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。

Simon Wakefield traveled 1 Yunnan after leaving university.He was 2 by the 3 landscape.Lijiang is half new town and half old town.The old town is on the side of a mountain and 4 it is the 5500 meter Yulong Xueshan Mountain,its peak 5 with snow. 6 from above,the old town is a maze of canals.This region is 7 the Naxi ethnic group live.Their culture is fascinating,for it is women 8 run Naxi society.The Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still 9 use and is over 1000 years old.Naxi culture is particularly famous for its music.
10 from father to son,the music has not changed for eight centuries.
答案：1.round 2.astonished 3.varied 4.opposite5.covered 6.Seen 7.where 8.who 9.in
10.Passed。