1-10语法

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Unit1 What’s the matter?
重点语法、句型
1.with常见的用法
1)作为介词,意为“和…一起”,表伴随关系Eg.I went to Hong Kong Disneyland wih my parents.2)表示“使用某种工具、手段”Eg.You can cut it with a knife.
注:“当单数名词+with+名词”用作主语时,其谓语动词应用单数形
式。

Eg.A teacher with his students is seeing an English film2.enough“足够的,充分的”
1)enough用作形容词作定语时,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可放在被修饰的名词前后均可。

如:①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.有足够的座位让他们都坐下。

2)enough用作副词,可用来修饰形容词或副词,放在所修饰词的后面。

如:①He walks slowly enough.他走得够慢的了。

This article is difficult enough to write.
3.描述身体不适
(1)主语+have/has+a+病症(2)主语+have/has+a+部位-ache(3)主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位(4)部位+hurt(s)
Eg:1).I have a high fever.我在发高烧。

2).I had a headache so I want to bed.我头疼,所以上床睡觉了。

3).I have a sore throat and my chest hurts.我嗓子疼,胸口也疼。

4.hit“碰击,击中,碰撞”
hit+sb.+介词+the+身体部位(in用于涉及身体表面较软或较空的部位,如eye,face,chest,leg.on用于身体较硬的部位,如head,nose,back)区别hit和beat
1)hit(碰击,击中,碰撞)强调一次性动作Eg.The ball hit him in the face.
2)beat“打,敲,接连打击”强调重复行的动作Eg.His heart beats violetly.他的心剧烈地跳着。

5.关于ues的用法
1)be/get used to do sth.习惯于做某事Eg.I am used to getting up early.
2)be used to do sth.被用来做某事Eg.This knife is used to cut bread.
3)used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”Eg.I used to go fishing in the pool in front of my house.
4)be used for doing sth.“用于/被用来做某事”Eg.The wood is used for making paper.
6.wear/put on/dress/have on/(be)in
1)wear是“穿着”,“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子,戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调状态。

Eg.Children like wearing new clothes.
2)put on指“戴上”,“穿上”,为动态,表示穿衣服的动作,其反义词是take off。

Eg.Put on your clothes 穿上衣服
3)dress可作及物动词,有“穿着”,“打扮”的意思,为动态,但宾语通常是人,或反身代词,常用于被动语态但只用于穿衣,它既表示动作,又表状态。

常用于下列结构:dress sb/oneself(给某人穿衣服)、dress well和be dressed in等
Eg.Jim isn't old enough to dress himself.吉姆太小,还不能给自己穿衣服。

4)have on是“穿着”的意思,指穿的状态,和wear类似,但have on不用于进行时
态。

Eg She has a red skirt on.(=He’s wearing a red skirt.)她穿着红裙子。

5.)be in+表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构,为静态,强调“穿着”“戴着”的状
态。

Eg.The girl in white is my best friend.穿着白色衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友
7.one of……之一…
one of后接名词或代词得复数形式。

当“one of+名词复数”在句中作主语时,其中心词为one,故其后的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

Eg.I have many books.Harry Potter is one of them.
如果名词前有形容词修饰,则用形容词的最高级形式,构成“one of the+最高级…”结构,表示“…中
最…之一”Eg.YU Dan is one of the most popular professors in China.
8.oneself反身代词构成的短语;
hurt oneself伤了自己by oneself独自地,单独地enjoy oneself玩的愉快for oneself亲自,为自己look after oneself照顾自己help oneself(to)请随便(吃、喝)
teach oneself=learn by oneself自学leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下
9.时间介词(at,in,on)
1.at指时间表示:
(1)时间的一点、时刻等。

如:at noon,at midnight,at ten o’clock,at dawn
(2)较短暂的一段时间。

可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日
子。

如:at New Year,at the Spring Festival,at night
2.in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上、下午或傍晚)内。

in2004,in March,in spring,in the morning,in the evening,in the eighteenth century.etc(2)在一段时间之后。

一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在…以后”。

如:He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。

如:These products will be produced in a month.注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。

如:He will arrive after two o’clock.
3.on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。

如:On Christmas Day(On May4th),there will be a celebration.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。

如:He arrived at10o’clock on the night of the5th.
(3)准时,按时。

如:
如:If the train should be on time,I should reach home before dark.
10.run out(of)用尽,耗尽
run out表示“被用完了”的被动含义,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名
词。

如:His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花完了。

run out of表示“用完(use up)”的主动含义,主语是人。

如:He ran out of the room.他跑出了房间。

三、1.What’s the matter?=What’s up?怎么了?
What’s the matter with you?=What’
s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?=What happened?
=Is there anything wrong with you?你怎么了?
2.语法:should“应该,应当”为情态动词,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。

用来向别
人提出建议,以劝导别人,比must和ought to更加委婉。

主语+should/shouldn’t+动词原形...
①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。

②You shouldn’t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。

③What should she do?她该怎么办呢?
④Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗?
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
一、基本知识点
1. sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a
sick child
【区别ill】ill与sick同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。

Mary could not come because she is ill.
2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.
3. give out分发;散发,相当于hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为
4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事),
The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.
5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

There used to be6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情色彩:
The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.
lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。

The lonely boy is not lonely now.
7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料??
care 【名词】小心,关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心,在意某人/事→【形容词】→【副词】
8. such “这样的,这种,如此”,用于修饰名词
such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词:
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such:so many sick children/ so little time
9. try out for…参加?选拔,争取成为?Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用,试验
10. journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行,行程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行;
travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者
11.【复习】be busy with sth. be busy doing sth.
12.【复习】try doing sth. try to do sth. try one’
13.【复习】
14. raise money集资,筹钱;raise money for…为??筹钱
raise【动词】举起;提高;募集
15. keep【动词】keep+名词,保留(某物);keep+形容词,保持
16.【形容词】broken破损的,出毛病的;blind瞎的,失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的,丧失能力的在句中做定语和表语:17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为?;think/find it +形容词to do sth.
18. make a difference to…对??有影响;对??有作用,difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰,如
The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.
19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;
20. train【动词】训练,trained为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练的”a trained dog
,Everyone is excited about the good news.
【复习】excited意为,在句中做;exciting意为
22. order【名词】命令,指示;顺序,次序【动词】订购;点(菜)。

23. change【动词】变化,改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化;零钱change A for B用A换成B:When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.
24. repair 【动词】修理,修补;fix【动词】安装;使固定【fix up修理=repair】
重点语法——动词不定式
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。

C. 作(后置)定语——常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“enough+名+to do”“It’s time to do sth.”
等结构中。

D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。

E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。

为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。

常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法
常见的有:had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

Unit3Could you please clean your room?
语法要点
1.礼貌地提出请求:用could委婉地表示请求。

2.礼貌地请求允许:用could委婉地请求许
可。

3.make与do的区别。

[重点、难点讲评]
1.—Peter,could you please take out the trash?—Sure,Mom.
—Could you please do the dishes?
—Sorry,I can’t.I have to do my homework.
(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。

这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。

以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。

表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can,could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。

例:
①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?
②I wonder if I could use your car for a day?
③Do you mind if I use your car for a day?
对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说
Yes,(do)please.或Of course.(you may/can).或Go ahead,please.或That’s OK/all right.如果不同意,可以说I’m sorry you can’t.或I’m really sorry,but I have to use it today.要避免说No,you can’t.这样显得很不礼貌。

否定回答通常用委婉语气。

对于句(3)所作回答可以说
Never mind./Not at all.表“不介意”。

不能用Yes./Sure./Of course./Certainly.等。

无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用could,要用can或may。

因为应答须用确定的语气。

而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。

所以应答中不说Yes,you could.或No,you couldn’t.而要说Yes,you can.Sorry./No,you can’t.(2)区别动词do和make。

“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用,与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用,如:do the dishes(洗餐具),
do my homework(做我的家庭作业),do chores(做家务,处理琐事),do the laundry(洗衣),do the shopping(购物),do some reading(读书)
“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡(饮料)”等,如:make your bed(铺床),make breakfast (做早餐),make dinner(做晚饭),make tea(泡茶,沏茶),make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡)
(3)take out带出(人),取出(物);take out of从……里取出
2.Could I please use your computer?Sorry,I’
m going to work on it now.Well,could I watch TV?Yes,you can.Could I/you please…?表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议,其后连接原形动词,比Can you/I…?语气更委婉。

类似句型有:Would you like+sth./to do sth.?May I+do sth.?Shall we+do sth.?
Would you mind+sth./doing sth.?What/How about+sth./doing sth.?
肯定回答有Sure./Of course./Certainly./OK./Great./Well./Good idea./I agree.等。

否定回答有Sorry…./No,you can’t.等。

3.I hate to do chores.
—Do you like to do the laundry?—No,It’s boring.
I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s boring.
(1)hate vt.“不喜欢,讨厌、恨”,没有进行时。

hate后可接to do也可接doing,意义无大差别,只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作,而doing更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。

这与like 后接to do或doing的用法一样。

(2)对比由动词加-ing和-ed构成的形容词:动词加-ing构成的形容词可以指人或物,在句中作定语或表语;动词加-ed构成的形容词通常用来指人,作表语,通常不作定语。

例:boring—bored,relaxing—relaxed,surprising—surprised,exciting—excited,
interesting—interested
4.Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday?
invite vt.“邀请”,意同ask,但invite更正式。

①invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。

e.g.They invited me to join their club.
②invite sb.to sth./invite sb.for sth.
e.g.He invited us for the concert.I want to invite my friends to a party.
③invitation n.邀请
e.g.Thanks for your invitation.Thank you for asking/inviting me.
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog.
“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”,意思侧重于负责任的意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。

e.g.Mother takes good care of her children.
It’s not easy to take care of the sick.
Take good care of the books.
注:look after一般情况下可替换take care of,意思上强调看管或照
料。

I have to look after my sick dog at home.
6.Play with him.
play with…“玩……;用……娱乐。


e.g.Little girls like playing with dolls.
Tell children not to play with fire.
7.I’m going to move to a new house.move to/into…搬到,搬入……
e.g.They moved into the new apartment last ter his family moved to New York.
8.I need some help.
We need to clean the house.help作名词为不可数名词。

need作动词用法:need sth./sb,need to do sth.need还可用作情态动词,“必须”,否定形式“needn’t”,后跟动词原形。

need作名词时指“需要,必需”时为不可数名词,指“必需品,要求”时常用复数。

e.g.There’s no need to do that.不需要做那事。

We have to work hard to meet the people’s needs.You needn’t call him at once.
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、情态动词should与could的用法
should的用法
should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和
数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t。

Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。

could的用法
情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。

My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。

You could go out and buy her some medicine.你可以出去给他买些
药。

()The girl_____read before she went to school?
A.Could
B.Couldn’t
C.Should
D.May
解析:此题考查情态动词。

表示过去的能利用could,故选A。

二、状语从句
状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。

状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。

本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

1.until引导的时间状语从句
until意为“直到;在........之前”。

注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。

Until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里
如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops. Continue in this direction until you see a sign.
一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

2.so that引导的目的状语从句
so that是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句。

注意so that,in order that和in order to在用法上的区
别。

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。

3.although引导的状语从句
although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。

它所引导的
从句不能与并列连词but,and,so等连用,但可以和yet,still等词连用。

①Although the book was old,we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买。

②Although he was tired,he went on working.尽管很累,他还是继续工作。

Although he had only entered the contest for fun,he won first prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖。

Units 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
过去进行时1含义:(概念)
表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

(或过去一段时间正在进行的动作)
2.句子结构::be(was/were)+doing
即:主语+was/were+doingsth.+时间状语
3.时间状语词:at8o’clocklastnight/thistimeyesterday/at5:00yesterdayafternoon/atthattime,then等连用(或者用另一动作来表示过去的时间)过去进行时①表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

例句:Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九点你正在干什么?Iwastakingashoweratninelastnight.昨晚九点我正在洗澡.
Theywereplayingbasketballat5o’clockyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午五点他们在打篮球。

②:表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。

ShewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein.
我进来时,她正在写信。

Thebarberwascuttingmyhairwhentheyarrived.
他们到达时,理发师正在给我剪头发。

观看动画教学Whatweretheydoingat10:30 LastMonday?Theywererunning.Whatwereyoudoingat10:10yesterdaymorning?Iwasgoingshopping .Wherewassheat9:00yesterday?
Ithinkshewasin/at…
Shewassweepingtheflooratthattime.at9:00lastnightTomWhat______Tom________at7:30thismornin
g?She___________________
at7:30thismorning.wasdoingwascookingbreakfastOnepointWhat________they________from8to9la stnight?They____________________________
from8to9lastnight.weredoingweretalkingonthephoneOnepointWhatwasAlicedoingwhenIgotoutofth eshowerfromthebathroom?Shewasplayingthepiano.Talkaboutthepictures Whatweretheydoingyesterdayafternoon?123Iwas
Wewerecookingameal. playingvolleyball. havingaPEclass. watchingTV. workinginthechemistrylab. Sweepingthefloor. makingamodel. feedingmydog.Whatwere youdoing lastnight? lastSaturday? atteno’clock? yesterdaymorning? atnoonyesterday? Yesterdayafternoon? Pairwork:Patterns:
A:Whatwereyoudoingatnineo’clocklastSundaymorning? B:Iwassleeping.Howaboutyou?
A:Iwasdoingmyhomework. B:Youarekidding
when和while的用法区别1.when既指时间点,也可指一段时间;
while只指一段时间.
2.when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;
while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

WhentheUFOlanded,theboywaswalkingdownthestreet.
==Whiletheboywaswalkingdownthestreet,theUFOlandedMymotherwascookingdinnerwhilemyfathe rwaswatchingTV.(1)“当…的时候”,如后面连接的动词为进行时态,则用while多于用when。

而when 通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。

(2)如果while前后的动词都是进行时态,while可译为“与此同时”Iwasreadingwhilemybrotherwasdrawing.
A:Whatwereyoudoingwhenthetrafficaccidenthappened?
B:Wewerehavingaparty.
trafficaccidentWhatweretheydoingwhentheplanetookoff?Theywereswimmingintheriver.takeoffWha twasAlicedoingwhenIgotoutoftheshowerfromthebathroom?Shewasplayingthepiano.观看动画教学过去进行时着重描述当时正在持续进行的动作,它的特点是:暂时,持续和未完成,强调过程;一般过去时表示发生过的动作或存在的状态,即表示动作发生过,而且已经结束了,强调结果。

过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时侧重表示动作延长的时间长度;一般过去时表示过去某时发生过某事,侧重说明事实。

He________aletterlastnight. (过程描写,他一直写……,不一定完成)
He________aletterlastnightandposteditthismorning.
(只说明他写了……的事实,动作已结束)waswritingwrote相同的过去时间可能会有不同时态注:下列几类动词通常不用过去进行时。

①表示状态的动词be;②感官动词:feel,hear,see,smell,taste等; ③表示思维或心理状态的动词:believe(认为),forget,consider,know,remember,hope,wish,wan等
④表示所属关系的动词:belong,have,own,hold(容纳)等。

ExercisesChoose“when”or“while”tofillintheblanks.
(1)Iwaswalkinginthestreet______theaccidenthappened.
(2)______youhaveameeting,youshouldturnedoffyourmobilephone.
(3)______youhavePEclass,youshouldwearsportsshoes.
(4)______Iwasdoingmyhomework,thetelephonerang.
(5)______itwasraining,theplanetookoff.
(6)______theteacherwasspeakingtoclass,Nickstoodupsuddenly.whenwhenwhenwhilewhilewhile用
所给动词的适当形式填空:
1.We_________(wash)ourclothesatsixyesterdayevening.
2.WhileAnn________(talk)withherdeskmate,theteachercamein.
3.Look!Mary_________(clean)theroom.
4.–What______you_____(talk)aboutjustnow?
-Weweretalkingaboutthemovie.
5.They________(move)toParislastmonth.
6.He_______(read)anovelfrom8to12yesterdaymorning.
7.What____he_____(do)atfiveo’clockyesterdayafternoon.
8.He__________(watch)TVwhenIcamein.
9.She_____(do)herhomeworkwhilehermother_______(cook).
10.He________(wait)formewhenthetrainarrived.
Summary:过去进行时的构成:1.概念:表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作.
2.公式:主语+was/were+doingsth+时间状语
3.指示词:then,atthattime,once,等连用,或者用另一动作来表示过去的时间.
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
本单元的语法重点是状语从句,主要讲述以下三种状语从句。

1.unless引导条件状语从句
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. He will come and see you as soon as he can.
句型1“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
句型2:so +形容词+ a/an + 单数名词+ that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词+ that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 句型4:so +much/ little + 不可数名词+ that 从句I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词及副词的比较级和最高级变化形式
一、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,big-bigger-biggest 【注】:大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat)
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高
级,beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
【注】:表示否定意义在其前加less/least important----less important----least important
English is more interesting than Chinese=Chinese is less interesting than English.
6.由―形容词+ly‖构成的副词,在其前加more/most
slowly---more slowly----most slowly;但early—earlier---earliest
二、不规则变化
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
注:形容词,副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight
三、常见用法
(1)形容词或副词的比较级+than。

如:You are taller than Tom.你比Tom高。

(2)可修饰比较级的词
a bit,a little,rather,much,far,a lot,a great deal,any,still,even.
1.What’s the highest mountain in the world? 本句中有形容词的最高级highest,形容词的最高
级用于表示三者或三折以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个在某方面超过其他人或物,最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of/in 短语来说明比较的范围。

Eg:Whose drawing is the best of all?
2. as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示双方在某个方面一样。

Eg:she is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。

“not as+形容词/副词原级+as”则表示双方在某个方面不同。

Eg:He doesn’t work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。

3. one of+the+形容词的最高级+名词复数”表示“最......之一”,one of 后跟名词必须用复数。

Eg:
Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 北京市中国最美丽的城市之一。

4. as you can see意为“正如你们说看到的”,as用作连词,表示“像......一样;正如......”,,用于引导状语从句。

Eg:As we know, she got the first pize in the exam. 正如我们所知道的,她在这次考试中得了第一名。

5. as far as...意为“就......而言”。

Eg:As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong.
6. the first......to do......第一个做......的......
Eg:The headmaster is always the first one to get to school. 校长总是第一个到校的。

7.even though 意为“即使,纵然”,引导让步状语从句。

Eg:Even though you do not like math you must study it.
8. prepare for 意为“为......做好准备”,prepare是及物动词和后面可接双宾语,for是介词,后面常接名词作宾语,表示母的。

9. There will be more forests for pandas to live in 是there be句型的一般将来时,其结构为“there+will be+主语+其他”,表示“将会有......”。

Eg:Tomorrow there will be a sports meeting in our school. 明天我们学校将有一场运动会。

10. or so 意为”左右,大约”表示不确定数目。

Eg:They want to stay in Beijing two weeks or so. 他们想在北京待两星期左右。

Unit8Have you read Treasure Island yet?
语法聚焦:
1.现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s so dark.太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light.有人把灯关上了。

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,since+时间段+ego,so far等时间状语连
用。

Eg.I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。

(从10年前开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
Eg.I have lived here since2003.自从2003年我就住在这儿。

(从2003年开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
(3)基本结构及句型转换:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)(当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。

)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他①I have finished my homework.(肯定句)②
I have not finished my homework.(否定句)③—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes,I have./No,I haven’t,(一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)
(4)has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别
Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg.---Where is your father?
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been(to):去过(已不在去过的地方)
Eg.My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
Eg.My father has been in Shanghai for two months.=My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
(5)现在完成时的标志:
①常与just,already,yet,ever,never,before,so far等连用,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.
②for+时间段;since+过去的时间点;since+段时间ago;since+一般过去时的句
子。

They have known each other for five years.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化:
1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。

如:
pick→picked→picked;wish→wished→wished;stay→stayed→stayed
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。

如:
like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped;phone→phoned→phoned
3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。

如:
study→studied→studied;hurry→hurried→hurried;reply→replied→replied
4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。

如:
stop→stopped→stopped;clap→clapped→clapped不规则变化:
5.以不变应万变。

如:let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read
6.若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。

如:
feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept
7.结尾的字母d变t。

如:lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent
8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。

如:buy→bought→bought;
bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taugh
2、success、succeed、successful和successfully的辨析
①success:名词,意为“成功”
②succeed:不及物动词,后常接in doing sth.。

succeed in sth.“在某事上取得成功”;succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。

③successful:形容词,意为“成功的”。

④successfully:副词,意为“成功地”。

3、the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词要用单
数。

The number of visitors to Hong Kong has now increased.现在去香港参观的人数已增加。

4、so…that…和so that的辨析
1)so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。

句中的so是副词,常常用来修饰形容词或副词。

例如:Eg.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.
2)so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”。

例如:
He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus.他每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车
5、introduce此处作及物动词,意为“介绍”。

introduce sb./sth.to sb.意为“向某人介绍……”
Let me introduce my friend to you.让我给你介绍一下我的朋友。

introduce oneself.意为“自我介绍”。

Permit me to introduce myself.请允许我自我介绍。

6、due adj.预定;预期;预计
后边引出预期的时间、地点等,常构成短语be due(to do something)或be due(for something) Eg.Rose is due to start school in January.罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。

Eg.You are due for a medical examination next month.你的身体检查预定在下个月
7、see的用法
see sb.doing sth.意为―看到某人正在做某事‖,强调看到的动作正在进
行。

e.g.Mary saw him cleaning the classroom.玛丽看见他正在打扫教室。

see sb.do sth.意为―看到某人做了某事‖,强调看到动作的全过
程。

e.g.Mary saw him clean the classroom.
8、belong v.属于,归属—belong to(介词)+sb.
e.g.The British and Dutch belong to the same race.9、two million;millions of(“模糊两有,确切两无”)
e.g.The population has increased from1.2million to1.8million.
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
语法难点
(一)以ever和never为标志
以ever和never为标志。

表示到现在为止动作或状态“曾经”或“从来没有”发生过。

Eg:This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

(二)若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要用现在完成时。

Eg:
He says he has been t the USA three times.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

(三)have been to,have gone to与have gone in用于现在完成时中。

1.(1)have been to意为“曾经去过”,表示一种经历,但现在已不在那儿了,实际上讲的是过去的情况,强调去过或没去过或去过多少次,着重指到目前为止的一个结果。

Eg:I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

(2)have been to后可接词数(如once,twice,three times等),表示“去过某地几次”,也可和。

相关文档
最新文档