黄芪多糖的分子量分布

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收稿日期:2003-10-14

基金项目:国家“十五”攻关子课题(2002BA514A-12-3)

作者简介:闫巧娟(1971-),女,讲师,在职博士生,主要从事生物质资源及天然生物活性物的研究。

黄芪多糖的分子量分布

闫巧娟1,韩鲁佳1,江正强2,皇才进1

(1.中国农业大学工学院,北京 100083;2.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083)

摘 要:本文通过分级醇沉、分步醇沉和超滤方法研究黄芪多糖的分子量分布。结果表明:分级醇沉浓度对应的得率随醇浓度的升高而呈增加趋势;糖的含量变化起伏较大,醇浓度为60%时所得多糖含量比较低,醇浓度为30%和70%时所得多糖含量较高;分步醇沉的醇浓度为10%时沉淀下来的多糖所占比例最大,醇浓度达到80%时大部分多糖都可以沉淀下来;而所得多糖含量除90%醇浓度时较低外,其余相差不大;超滤后黄芪多糖大部分分布在离心沉淀和截留分子量150千道尔顿(150kDa)以上部分,两者占了57.6%;其含量除3kDa以下和6kDa至50kDa部分较低外,其它部分含量相差不大。黄芪多糖的分布很不均匀,大分子量和小分子量的多糖较多,而3kDa至150kDa这一段的多糖只占总多糖的13.2%。关键词:黄芪多糖;醇沉;超滤;分子量分布

Molecular Mass Distribution of Astragalus Polysaccharides

YAN Qiao-juan1,HAN Lu-jia1,JIANG Zheng-qiang2,HUANG Cai-jin1(1.Engineering College, China Agricutural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.College of Food Science and

Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract:In the study, molecular mass distribution of Astragalus Polysaccharides (APS) was investigated by ethanolprecipitation (step and stepwise) and ultrafiltration. The results indicated: For step ethanol precipitation, yields of APS wereincreased with the increase of ethanol concentration. There were high differences in the saccharides content of samples, the lowcontent was observed when using 60% ethanol, but, high contents were obtained using 30% and 70% respectively. For stepwiseethanol precipitation, APS ratio was highest at ethanol concentration of 10%, while most APS might be precipitated whenethanol concentration was up to 80%. APS content was very low when using 90% ethanol, and the rest contents were notapparently different under ethanol concentrations ranging from 10% to 80%. After ultrafiltration, most APS (57.6%) weredistributed in the centrifuged pellets of more than 150kDa fraction. There was not much difference in the saccharides contentsexcept for those of less than 3kDa and 6~50kDa fractions. Both high and low molecular masses of APS were of highpolysaccharides, however the saccharide content of 3~150kDa APS was only 13.2%. Therefore, molecular mass distributionwas very uneven in APS.

Key words:Astragalus polysaccharides;ethanol precipitation;ultrafiltration;molecular mass distribution

中图分类号:O636.1;R284.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-6630(2004)08-0027-04

黄芪为一种常用中药,来源于豆科植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根[1],主产于山西、内蒙、甘肃、黑龙江、吉林等地。黄芪中所含化学成分较多,包括多糖、甙类、氨基酸、黄酮和微量元素等多种成分,是目前临床应用较为广泛,研究比较深入的中药之一。药理研究证明,多糖是黄芪的主要有效成分之一,具有增强机体抵抗力、促进免疫、促进抗体合成、双向调

节血糖和保护心血管系统等作用,广泛应用于中医临床。因此黄芪多糖引起了研究者的极大兴趣。

由于多糖的分子量分布很广,即使采用相同的黄芪原料,提取或分离过程中的差异都可能造成产物的不同,目前已分离纯化出十几种黄芪多糖[2~6]。在进行黄芪多糖分离纯化时醇沉往往是其第一步操作,不同醇沉条件对黄芪多糖的组成、得率和含量影响较大。近年

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